Ubuzima
Ni kangahe abasomyi bibuka umwanditsi umurimo umwe gusa? Kurugero, Ken Kizi yibuka icyari cya Cuckoo ", Jerome wa Sallinger - kuri" Hejuru ya Pie ", Patrick Zusking", Perper Zusking - kuri Perfumer. " Urutonde rwanditse nibikorwa nibanyamahanga, urashobora rero kwandika ibintu byose kugirango ukuze ibisobanuro. Ariko uburyo bwo kubana n'abanditsi bo murugo - hamwe na Alexander griboedov, kurugero?Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umwanditsi uzaza na diplomate muri Moscou yavutse. Mu bitabo byerekeranye n'ibitabo bandika ibyabaye muri Mutarama 1785, ariko inzobere zishidikanya ibi - ibintu bimwe bivuye mu biografiya biratangaje cyane. Hariho igitekerezo cy'uko Alexandre yavutse hashize imyaka itanu, maze itariki yo mu nyandiko yanditswe n'undi, kuko mugihe cyo kuvuka, ababyeyi be batashyingiranywe, bamenyekana muri iyo myaka.
By the way, mu 1795, Alexander Griboedov yavutse musaza wa Pawulo, ikibabaje, ikibabaje, cyapfuye mumyaka y'uruhinja. Birashoboka cyane, icyemezo cye cyamavuko cyaje kuba umwanditsi. Sasha yavukiye mu muryango w'icyubahiro, wayoboye Pole ya Yana Gzhibovsky wimukiye mu Burusiya. Izina rya GriBoyeva ni ryo rimurwa mu buryo busanzwe bw'izina.
Umuhungu yagabanutse, ariko mugihe kimwe. Amashuri ya mbere yakiriwe mu rugo, gusoma ibitabo - abashakashatsi batandukanye ko ibyo biterwa n'itariki yihishe. Umwarimu wa Sasha yari akunzwe muri iyo myaka Encyclopediste Ivan Petrozalius.
Nubwo afite imbaraga, amayeri ya Hooligan yabonetse kuri GRIOLIGAAN: Igihe kimwe, mu ruzinduko muri Kiliziya Gatolika, Umuhungu yica ati: "Umuhungu yishe gato indirimbo y'urubyike rwa rubanda" Kamarinskaya "ku mubiri kurusha abayobozi n'abashyitsi b'itorero. Nyuma, asanzwe ari umunyeshuri wa kaminuza ya leta ya Moscou, Sasha azandika parold parold Parold yiswe "Dmitry Numssanskaya", na we izayishyira mubibi.
Ndetse na mbere yo kwiga muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Moscou Griboedov yinjiye muri pansiyo nziza ya kaminuza ya Moscou muri 1803. Mu 1806 yinjiye mu masomo yo mu magambo ya kaminuza ya Leta ya Moscou, irangira mu myaka 2.
Nyuma ya Griboedov, yahisemo kwishingikiriza ku bindi biro bibiri - umuganga w'imibare n'umuco na politiki. Alegizandere yakira urwego rw'umukandida wa siyansi. Arateganya gukomeza kwiga no kurushaho, ariko arateganya gutera napoleonic.
Mu ntambara yo gukunda igihugu cya 1812, umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza yifatanije n'urwego rw'abakorerabushake Moscou GISCOW GUSAR, wayoboye kubara Peter Ivanovich Saltykov. Kwiyandikisha mu circs hamwe nabandi bimukira baturutse mumiryango myiza - umubyimba, Golityn, Efimovsky nabandi.
Ubuvanganzo
Mu 1814, Griboedov atangira kwandika imirimo ye ya mbere ikomeye, niyihe nyandiko "ku mafarasi y'abanyamafarasi" na compdey "abashakanye", akaba ari amakinamico y'umuryango w'Abafaransa.
Umwaka utaha, Alegizandere yimukiye muri St. Petersburg, aho arangiza. Muri St. Petersburg, umwanditsi wa Nouvice ahura na Adamu kandi uwatangaje Nikolai Ivanovich, mu kinyamakuru cya Muyivamo "umwana wa Paraland" nyuma azatangaza bimwe mu bikorwa byayo.
Mu 1816, biba umunyamuryango wa MasonIc Lodge "Inshuti zunze ubumwe", kandi mu mwaka uteganya ibinyoma bye - "byiza", bizatandukanya n'imiryango ya Mayogisi mu gushimangira umuco w'Abarusiya. Muri icyo gihe, umwanditsi atangiye akazi kuri "intimba kuva mubitekerezo" - ibitekerezo byambere nibishushanyo bigaragara.
Mu ci ryo mu 1817, Griboedov yinjiye ku bakozi ba Leta mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubunyamahanga, mbere nk'umunyamabanga w'intara, na nyuma - nk'umusemuzi. Muri uwo mwaka, uwo tuziranye na Griboedov na Alexander fushkin na Wilhelm Kuhehelbecker.
Hamwe na byombi, azarakara kandi birenze umunani mu buzima bwe bugufi. Ndetse no gukora nk'umunyamabanga w'intara, umwanditsi yaranditse akanatangaza "Ikinamico ya Lubchki", ndetse n'umunyeshuri "urwenya", "kandi" umugeni wubatse ". 1817 hashyizweho ikimenyetso mubuzima bwa Griboedov nibindi birori - Umugani watuje, impamvu ya ballerina avdorina (nkuko buri gihe, Cherchez La Femme) yakorewe.
Ariko, iyaba Zavadovsky na Sheremetyev bakubiswe mu 1817, na Duel Gribouyev na Yakubovich babaye mu mwaka umwanditsi, banze aho umunyamabanga w'uburusiya muri Amerika, aba umunyamabanga w'Avoka wa cyami Simon Mazarovich mu Buperesi . Mu nzira yerekeza mu mwanya wa serivisi, umwanditsi yakoresheje ikarita yandikaga urugendo rwe.
Mu 1819, Griboedov yarangije imirimo ku "baruwa yandikiye umubwiriza ya Tiflis" n'igisigo "imbabazi, murambabaje". Ibihe bya AUTIOPRAPRAPHIAL bifitanye isano nigihe cyumurimo mubuperesi nacyo kigaragara mu "nkuru ya Vagina" na "Ananur Quarantine". Muri uwo mwaka, yakiriye itegeko ry'intare n'izuba ry'impamyabumenyi ya mbere.
Akazi mu Buperesi ntabwo wari umeze nk'umwanditsi, nuko yishimira ukuboko kwe mu 1821, kubera ko yakomeretse, umwanditsi yashoboye kwimurira muri Jeworujiya - yegereye igihugu cye. Mu 1822, biba umunyamabanga muri diplomasi munsi ya Jenerali Alerrovich Yermolaev. Hanyuma arabyandika atangaza ikinamico "1812", yeguriwe intambara yo gukunda igihugu.
Mu 1823, asize serivisi imyaka itatu yo gusubira mu gihugu cyabo no kuruhuka. Muri iyi myaka yose, aba i St. Petersburg, Moscou no mu isambu y'inshuti ishaje mu mudugudu wa Dmitrovsky. Irangiza akazi ku gitabo cya mbere cya nyirizina y'inyenzi mu mirongo "Kurenza mu bitekerezo", bimaze guha isuzuma ryabasaza bane Kryonov. Ivan Andreevich yashimye akazi, ariko yihanangirije ko ababada batasiba.
Mu 1824, Griboedov yanditse igisigo "David", waterville "abeshya" ibyabaye ku mwuzure bya St. Petersburg umwuzure "n'ingingo ikomeye" kandi ikinyoma, kandi gisobanurwa - kubeshya. " Umwaka ukurikira watangiye gukora ku buhinduzi bwa "Fauts" Goethe, ariko bashoboye kurangiza "prologue muri theatre". Mu mpera za 1825, bitewe no gukenera gusubira muri serivisi byahatiwe kwanga kujya mu Burayi, aho kujya muri Caucase.
Nyuma yo kwitabira urugendo, Jenerali Alexey Alexandrovich Veljaminov yanditse umusigo "abanyamabanga hejuru ya Chegol". Mu 1826, yarafashwe yoherezwa mu murwa mukuru akekwaho ibikorwa by'ubushuhe, ariko nyuma y'amezi atandatu arekurwa ku bushake kandi asubizwa muri serivisi kubera kubura ibimenyetso bitaziguye. Ariko rero, hashyizweho ubwo bugenzuzi bw'umwanditsi.
Mu 1828, Griboedov yagize uruhare mu gusinya amasezerano y'amahoro ya Turkhmanza. Muri uwo mwaka, yakiriye gahunda ya kabiri ya Mutagatifu Anne maze arubatse. Umwanditsi menshi ntabwo yatsinze ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose no gutangaza, nubwo muri gahunda zayo hari imirimo myinshi, mubyo abashakashatsi bafite ubushakashatsi batangaye cyane ibyabaye kuri Vladimir Grought na Vladimir monomakh. Ku bwabo, Griboedov yari afite ubushobozi, ntabwo yari munsi ya Shakespeare.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Hariho igitekerezo kuri twe duel bane ya 1817 byabayeho kubera amayeri magufi ya GRIBODEDOV hamwe na ballerina ya bakomeye, ariko nta bisobanuro byerekana iyi hypothesis. Ku ya 22 Kanama 1828, umwanditsi yashakanye na Aristoct wa muri Jeworujiya ya Nina Chavchavadze, Alexander Sergeevich ubwe yise Madonna Bartal Mulillo. Yatangaje abashakanye muri katedrali ya Siyoni iherereye muri Tiflis (ubungubu - tbilisi).
Mu mpera za 1828, Alexandre na Nina bamenye ko yari ategereje. Niyo mpamvu umwanditsi yashimangiye ko umugore aguma mu rugo mu butumwa bwe bwa Ambasade y'Ubutaha umwaka utaha, aho atigeze agaruka. Amakuru yerekeye urupfu rw'umugabo yatunguwe n'umukobwa ukiri muto. Amavuko yuburanisha byabaye, umwana yavutse yapfuye.
Urupfu
Mu ntangiriro za 1829, Griboedov yahatiwe kujya muri Ambasade ku nzana Ali Shahah muri Tehran. 30 Mutarama ku nyubako ambasade yashyizwe ahagaragara by'agateganyo, itsinda ryinshi ry'abafana b'abayisilamu ryagabweho (abantu barenga igihumbi).
Kuzigama neza mu muntu umwe gusa, ukurikije amahirwe meza, byagaragaye mu rindi nyubako. Alexander Griboedov yavumbuwe mu bapfuye. Umurambo we wiba wize kubikomeretsa ukuboko kw'ibumoso, wakiriwe mugihe cya gituge hamwe na alexander yakubovich mu 1818.
Nyuma ya GriboousOv yahawe igihembo cy'intare n'izuba ry'impamyabumenyi ya kabiri. Nashyinguye umwanditsi, ubwo yatsindira - muri Tiflis, ku musozi wa MTATSMInda, uherereye iruhande rw'itorero David David.
Ibintu bishimishije
- Ababyeyi ba GriboDedov bari abavandimwe ba kure: Anastasia Fedorovna yabyariye mwishywa ubu.
- Sergey ivanovich - Data Griboedov - yari umukinnyi usigaranye. Byemezwa ko byaturutse kuri we umwambaro umwanditsi yabonye kwibuka neza, tubikesheje ko yashoboye kuba umunyamahane. Muri arsenal ye hari igifaransa, Icyongereza, Igitaliyani, Ikidage, Icyarabu, Inkoranyamagambo, Jeworujiya, Jeworujiya, Umugereki na Kiliyari.
- Mushikiwabo GriBODYEDOV - Maria Sergeyevna - yari icyarimwe inanga na piyano. Ubwanditsi ubwe, muri the way, na we yasabwe neza ndetse anashoboye kwandika amakinamico menshi ya piyano.
- Griboedov na bamwe mu bavandimwe be Abahanzi bagaragajwe kuri canvas. Umugore wumwanditsi niwe wenyine wafatiwe ku ifoto.
Bibliografiya
- 1814 - "Abashakanye bato"
- 1814 - "kubyerekeye abagendera ku mafarasi"
- 1817 - "Kujugunya Ikinamico"
- 1817 - "Henyeka Ubuhemu"
- 1819 - "Ibaruwa yandikiwe umubwiriza yaturutse muri Tiflis"
- 1819 - "Mbabarira, Paraland"
- 1822 - "1812"
- 1823 - "Dawidi"
- 1823 - "Umuvandimwe wa mushiki wawe"
- 1824 - "Terefone"
- 1824 - "Kandi guhimba - kubeshya, kandi bisobanurwa - kubeshya"
- 1824 - "Uzabona ishyano"
- 1825 - "Inyamanswa kuri Chegeme"