Ubuzima
Lesya Ukrainka ni umwanditsi wakoraga mu nzego zitandukanye, ni ko ari ibisobanuro bya ABSINALIS, ibisigo, indabyo cyangwa ikiganza. Kubuzima bwe bugufi, Lesa yahimbye imirimo myinshi kandi arekurwa ibisigo, nyuma yaje gupfa.
Laris petrovna koshach (izina nyaryo ryumwanditsi) ryavutse 13 (25) ryo ku ya 1871 ryo ku ya 1871 mu mujyi wa Novograd-Volnsky, mu karere ka Byramyr wa Ukraine. Ako kanya poetess yakuze mu muryango w'inkomoko y'inkomoko ahinnye, ababyeyi be ni abantu bo mu nkombe z'Ubumoso muri Ukraine, abakomoka kuri Banki y'Ibumoso, abakomoka ku kidage cya Malorosi Costorosi cesack, wemeye idini rya orotori.
Padiri Lesi, Koshach Petro Antonovich, yari nyir'ubutaka bwizize mu banyacyubahiro ba Chernav, mu myaka ya kaminuza yakundaga ibitabo, imibare ndetse n'Ububasha. Iyo kaminuza imaze impaka i Kiev, mu rugereko rwa Kiev Urukiko rw'Inshinjabyaha nk'umukandida ku iperereza ry'ubucamanza. Se w'umwanditsi yatangiye umwuga we hamwe n'umunyamabanga w'umunyamabanga wa kaminuza n'urwego rwiza rwimuriwe ku bajyanama b'ibarurishamibare.
Petro Antonovich yashimye ubuvanganzo, umuziki kandi yakundaga gushushanya. Mu nzu ye, bagenzi be bateraniye aho bateraniye inyungu zakundaga indirimbo, imirimo y'abakerarugendo, kandi kandi ashimangira gushushanya.
Umugore wa Petro Antontovich, Olga Petrovna, - mushiki w'umunyamakuru uzwi cyane Dramanova Mikhail Petrovich, yakundaga kwandika. Ukurikije ibihuha, Liliyatari ntabwo yari kuri Olga Petrovna hamwe numwana wera. Umugore ntashobora gukira Mikhail yamfura, kandi utwite arakomeza cyane, kandi nyuma yo kuvuka k'umukobwa n'amata yagendaga.
Olga petrovna yari umugore wa erudite, yari azi indimi nyinshi: Abanyaburayi, Abalayiki, Ikigereki cya kera n'Ikigereki. Mama yahaye abana uburezi bwiza murugo, urugero, kuba umukobwa wimyaka 19, Lesya yari igitabo cya bashiki bacu cyise "amateka ya kera yabaturage". Bizwi kandi ko umurinzi w'urugo yibanda ku bitabo by'Ukraini byatumye Isomero ry'Ubitabo, risobanurwa inkuru nyinshi za Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol mu rurimi rwa Ukraine kandi zirekura icyegeranyo cye bwite.
Lesia Ukrainka yazanywe na mushiki wanjye muto wa Olga (1877) na mukuru wa Mikhail (1869). Mikhail Petrovich nawe yari kure yo guhanga, kuva munsi yikaramu ye hari inkuru zidasanzwe kandi igitabo, cyasohotse mugihe cyibinyamakuru. Yahinduye mu rurimi rwe kavukire nka Gogol na Vladimir Korolenko, Gendle Senkevich, ndetse na Francis Brita Garth.
Umuvandimwe na mushiki wanjye ntibasutse amazi, aho bakuye kubabyeyi akaba na 2iname Michelosie. Umuhungu numukobwa babonye amashuri murugo, biganye nabarimu bigenga. Umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza hambere gusoma - kuba umwana wimyaka ine, Lesya asanzwe asoma imigani ya rubanda ifite imbaraga na nkuru. Kandi kumyaka itanu, ishyamba rigizwe nikinamico minini yumuziki.
Mu 1882, umuryango wubatswe mu muryango wa Koschai - umukobwa wa Oksana yavutse, hanyuma abyarira MyCola (1884) na ISIdore (1888). Ubwana bwumukobwa ntabwo bwari igicu: Igihe ishyamba ryari rifite imyaka 10, yari akonje. Indwara yatangiraga cyane, umukobwa wa Perro Antontovich yagize ububabare bukabije mu kuguru no ku ntoki. Mu ntangiriro, abaganga bemezaga ko Ukraine yari umuntu usanzwe, kandi umukobwa yavuwe mu bwogero no gukiza amavuta. Ariko kugerageza byose byabaye impfabusa.
Mu 1883, ishyamba ryasuzumwe igituntu cy'amagufwa, kubera uwo mukobwa yakoraga kandi akomeza kumuga. Kubwibyo, kubyerekeye umwuga wa muzika wa Lesia, ufite umukino kuri piyano, nta jambo ryabanje.
Mubindi bintu, umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza yagerageje kumenya igishushanyo ndetse no mu ishuri ryihariye, aho yiganye ashushanya nikolai ivanovich iyobowe. Nibyo, umukobwa ntabwo yamennye tassels kandi arashushanya: Lesya ntiyashakaga gukora umwuga wumuhanzi hamwe numuhamagaro we. Birashimishije kubona ishusho imwe gusa yanditswe na poetess yagumye muri kiriya gihe.
Ubuvanganzo
Lesya Ukrainka yahimbye igisigo cye cya mbere kubera uburambe buvuye ku mutima. Ikigaragara ni uko mu mpeshyi yo mu 1879, Nyirasenge Elena Antonovna Kosakh yarafashwe yoherezwa muri Sibeli mu gihe cy'imyaka itanu kubera ko byavuzwe muri rusange ashingiye ku gikururwa na Alexandekovich. Birakwiye kuvuga ko amashyamba na nyirasenge, mushikiwabo Petro Antonovich, yahambiriye umubano mwiza.
Umugore yakunze kubona abana, kandi ubucuti bwe numwanditsi buzaza bwasize ikirenge kizwi mubuzima buzaza no guhanga poetess. Amaze kumenya ibyafashwe, umukobwa w'imyaka umunani yandika igisigo gitangaje cya mbere cyitwa "Nadezhda" (1879-1880).
Iyo Liriya Kosch yari afite imyaka 12, yatangiye kwandika no gutangaza mu kinyamakuru "Zorya", kandi yanakoreye ubuhinduzi bw '"amajoro yo mu isambu hafi ya Dikanka" Nikolai Gogol. Muri icyo gihe kimwe, umukobwa yabonye izina ryo guhanga. Mu 1883, icyegeranyo cya mbere cy'ibisigo cy'abasore poetess "ku mababa yindirimbo" zasohotse.
Birakwiye kuvuga ko ibikorwa by'ubuvanganzo bya Lesia byatemba mu bihe by'Ubwami, impinduramatwara ya mbere y'Uburusiya, no mu mirimo yo muri Ukraine y'ibyo bihe, yamenyekanye neza. Ukrainka ntiyigeze akurikiza inzira imwe: Umukobwa ntiyitigeze avuga ko ari amayeri, cyangwa abasoresha, ariko yababajwe n'ibitekerezo by'impinduramatwara. Mubikorwa bye Shakisha urusaku rwurukundo, aho kuba realism.
Amashyamba amaze gushyingiranwa, yatangiye gukora muburyo bwihuse. Ku ya 5 Gicurasi 1907, Ukraine yarangije igisigo kizwi cyane "Aisha na Mohammed", kandi byongeraho umurimo wa "Cassandra", intangiriro yashyizwe mu 1893. Muri kimwe mu 1907, Lesya yakoraga ku kazi "ku misozi yarnitsa", "mu ishyamba" na "Rufin na Pirisila".
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Umutware wa mbere w'ishyamba yari umubare rusange wa Sergey Merzhinsky, uwo mwanditsi yahuye na 1898. Nibyo, uru rukundo rwazanye Laris Catrovna ntabwo ari amababa yibyishimo, ariko umusozi munini: Sergey KanStantinovich yapfuye azize igituntu. Mbere gato y'urupfu rw'umukunzi we mukundwa yaje kwa Sergey urwaye, kandi muri imwe mu mirongo y'ubukonje y'imbeho, kandi muri nimugoroba ikonje y'uyu mwanditsi y'umwanditsi yazumijwe hamwe na Drama "(1901).
Mu 1907, poetess yimukiye muri Crimée hamwe n'umuyobozi mushya wa Clement Vasilyevich Kvitka, wafatwaga nk'umwe mu bashinze amoko ya sovieti. Birashimishije kubona urubyiruko rwateraniye mu 1898, igihe Lisisi Peterrovna yahamije inkuru ye "hejuru yinyanja" mubuvanganzo nubuhanzi bwa kaminuza ya Kiev.
Clement Vasilyevich na we yari arwaye igituntu, kandi birashobora kuvugwa ko byihuse kwimukira muri Crimée yarokoye ubuzima bwe, kuko ikirere cyoroheje no kuvura ibintu byoroheje bituma indwara yica isubira inyuma. Abakunzi bemewe isano ku ya 7 Kanama 1907, nta mwana wariho.
Urupfu
Indwara ikomeye yatumye umwanditsi kuva mu bwana buvurwa muri resitora. Rero, mu myaka ya nyuma ya Larista Petrovna Koshaki atuye mu bihugu bishyushye - Misiri na Jeworujiya. Icyakora, imbaraga zose za Lesia zizatsinda igituntu cy'amagufwa, byasaga naho iyi ndwara idasubira inyuma, ahubwo yabonaga ibinyuranye, ahubwo ni iterambere ridahari. Byongeye kandi, indwara zose za Larista Petrovna yarwaye impyiko.
Ariko, nubwo kunanirwa kumubiri, Lesya yabonye imbaraga kubikorwa byo guhanga. Mu myaka ya nyuma y'ubuzima, yatanze ingingo z'amagambo mu rukiko: indirimbo y'amashyamba yo mu mazi, igisigo "orgy", imbaraga za Epic ", Imbaraga za OrfeeVo", "ibijyanye n'igihangange".
Umwanditsi ukomeye wo muri Ukraine yapfuye ku ya 19 Nyakanga (1 Kanama) yo mu 1913 mu myaka ya 42. Imva ya poetess iherereye irimbi rya gare i Kiev. Kwibuka poetess ifite impano, imihanda myinshi yitiriwe inzu ndangamurage, inzu ndangamurage niyigihugu yigihugu yikinamico yikinamico yu Burusiya irakinguye. Birashimishije kubona mu 2001 igishushanyo cy'ishyamba cyashyizwe ku mushinga wa Ukraine hamwe na Par hamwe na 200 hryvnia 200.
Bibliografiya
- 1893 - "Ku mababa y'indirimbo"
- 1899 - "Ibitekerezo n'icyatsi"
- 1902 - "AMAFARANGA"
- 1911 - "Indirimbo y'ishyamba"