Ubuzima
Imirongo ye yafashije abagutsimbaza mu mujyi wahagaritswe gusa kandi ntibatakaza icyubahiro cya muntu. Abantu bapfa bazize amatwi yajuje ubujurire bwa poetess avuye mu masahani yirabura "y'ibinyapo" by'imyororokere kandi akomeza kwizera gutura mu ntsinzi. Ijwi rya Orga Bergoltz ryitwa ikimenyetso cyo gutsinda, na poetes - "blocade madonna" na muse y'umujyi ugoswe.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Poetess yavutse mu mpeshyi yo mu 1910 mu mujyi kuri Neva. Olga, cyangwa Lyal, ukomoka mu barangije muri kaminuza ya derpt, kubaga FYIODOR BERGHOLT, abagaburira Abadage. Mama Olga - Maria Timofeevna Cranster, umugore ufite ubwenge kandi yiga, "uko mbere." Mu bashakanye, abakobwa babiri bavutse - Olga (LYALYa) na Maria (Muya). Twitaye ku bana n'inzu umugore wafashije nanny na guverineri.
Umuryango wabaga munzu ishaje mubihaha Nevsky. Impinduramatwara n'intambara y'abenegihugu byakuye Dr. Bergholtz mu buzima bw'amahoro - umuganga wo kubaga umurima yagiye imbere. Inzara no kurimbuka byatumye umuryango uva kuri Petero ukajyanwa muri Unlich. Bergholty yatuye mu cyumba gikonje, iyo kagari kahoze uhoze ari ikigo cy'abihaye Imana. Imirire mibi, ubukene, humura - Lyalya na Munya na Mama bahuye nigihe cyose cya gisirikare. Muri Uglich, Olga bergolts yagiye ku ishuri. Kavukire muri Uglich kuri Petrogragad afata Se yagarutse avuye imbere.
Abakobwa ba Maria Timofeevna bareze abakobwa ba Turgenev: Yakinnye imirimo ya kera, soma ibisigo. Niba atari ibw'impinduramatwara, Lyalya na Musya rwose yaba imikino ngororamubiri, abanyeshuri bo mu kigo cy'abakobwa b'abanyacyubahiro. Ariko amategeko nuburyo byateganijwe igihe cyanyuma-cyimpimuro. Nagize uruhare mu kwiyongera kw'abana na FYIDOR Christforovich, umuhakanamana wafashe abakobwa ko idini ari urwikekwe, kandi imbavu z'ukwizera ni igisibo cyahise.
Gusenyuka mu myumvire y'umusore Olga bergalt yabaye vuba: Umukobwa yagiye mu ishuri ry'umurimo nimero 117, mu myaka 14 yabaye umupayiniya n'umunisho wa Proledari, yinjiye mu ntera ya WLKSM. Hanyuma yanditse ibisigo bya mbere byitwa "abapayiniya".
Mu 15, umukobwa yaje muri club ikora, aho ishyirahamwe ry'ubuvanganzo bw'urubyiruko ryashizweho. Rubyiruko n'ingimbi, imyitozo yandika ibisigo, yahuye na Matrah. Eduard Bagritsky, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Joseph Utkin, yaje muri club. Ba shebuja w'ijambo ry'ibisigo basangiwe, bateze amatwi akiri bato, batanze inama.
Ubuvanganzo
Imirongo yambere ya Olga yimyaka 14 yagaragaye mu 1925 murubuga rwuruganda. Kandi muri 15, ikinyamakuru cyo muri Sovieti kubana ningimbi "ibisasu kidayike" byacapwe mumirongo 15 yaka "indirimbo zerekeye ibendera".
Ishimwe rya mbere nimpano yubuvanganzo ya Olga Bergholz yumvikanye mu kanwa k'umwanda wa matra wubahwa, Kornea Chukovsky. Ku mugoroba wo mu mugoroba wo mu mugoroba wo mu buhinzi "impinduka", Olga ntoya yakoraga yasomwe "ibuye" - imwe mu nyandiko za mbere zabatoranijwe. Imizi ya Ivanovich, Guhobera umukobwa ku bitugu, birakarira ejo hazaza.
Ariko ubuzima bwo guhanga bwa orgoltz bwateye imbere ntabwo bwihuse nkuko nashakaga. Mu basizi bakiri bato bashiki bacu 1920 bafite amaso yaka, hack, bambaye inkubi y'umuyaga ya Khaki ntibyari bihagije. Berggolts yari itandukanye bike na bagenzi be, icyubahiro cyamukikije. Mu 1926, Olga, hamwe na mugenzi we ufite impano kuva "shift knornorv, Boris Kornilos, mu rukundo nta kwibuka, yabaye umunyeshuri w'amateka y'ubuhanzi. Nyuma yo gufungwa kwabo, abashakanye bagiye mu ishami rya filologiya ya kaminuza ya Leningrad.
Mbere-Diplome Imyitozo ya Berggolts yanyuze i Vladikavaz. Umunyeshuri w'ejo yashimye Caucase, yumva imbaraga zidasanzwe. Yagize urugendo Ossetia, yasuye kubaka station urugomero, barayoba mu misozi mu misozi no, nta kuruha, imivugo igizwe - n'ubu nke, inexpressive.
Nyuma y'amezi abiri nigice, muri banki yo guhanga Olga Bergholts ikungahaye mu bitabo bitatu byakorewe ikinyamakuru "Imbaraga z'umurimo". Umunyamakuru yavunitse n'umuhanda wa Ossetiya wa Gisirikare wa Ossetiya wo mu mujyi no mu midugudu yo muri Vladikavkaz kugera Tiflis. Akazi k'ibinyamakuru kafashije Bergholz kwiga ubuzima, kwiga abantu, gukora isi. Umunyamakuru ukiri muto cyane yakunze na Caucase, yateganyaga gusubira kuri iyi mpande nyuma yo kurangiza kaminuza.
Iherezo ryateganijwe ukundi: Tumaze kubona impamyabumenyi, Olga berggolts yagiye i Qazaqistan. Yakoraga nk'umunyamakuru w'ikinyamakuru "Steppe Steppe", n'umugabo wa kabiri Nikolai Molchanov yabaye mu mibereho itoroshye, ariko yumvise yishimye. Olga yanditse ingingo, inyandiko, inkuru. Icyegeranyo cya mbere cy'ibisigo ku bana cyiswe "itumba-icyi-cyizuba" byasohotse.
Orga berggolts yagarutse i Leningrad mu 1931, atura mu kinyamakuru Elekatrostila. Mu 1935, igitabo cy'ivugo cyasohotse, cyitwa gusa - "amagambo". Bergalt yemeye ubumwe bw'abanditsi. Ariko iki gihe cyubuzima bwumwanditsi cyaranzwe numunyururu wibibazo bibabaje.
Nyuma yicwa rya Sergey Kirov, "Isuku" ryatangiriye mu majyaruguru. Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1937, kanda Abasangirange b'Abasoviyeti zashyizeho "abanzi b'abaturage" itsinda ry'abanditsi, barimo uwahoze ari umugabo wa poetess Boris kornilos kornilav. Berggolts kugirango uhuze numusizi watoranijwe kuva mubumwe bwabanditsi. Nyuma y'amezi atatu, umunyamakuru yirukanwe ku kazi. Yatuye mu ishuri, aho yigisha abana b'Abarusiya n'ubuvanganzo.
Muri Mutarama 1938, hasohotse icyemezo "ku makosa y'ibirogi" byasohotse, byemerera Olga Bergholz kwiringira kwishingikiriza. Nyuma yamagambo y'umwanditsi, yagaruwe ku mushinga uhuriweho, mu ntangiriro y'izuba yajyanye n'ikinyamakuru cy'uruganda, aho hantu hateganijwe. Umugabo wahoze ari umuyobozi wa Boris Kornilav yarashwe (asubirwamo mu 1957).
Nkuko byagaragaye, amabere "yo gushinja cyane: Mu mpera za 1938, Olga yatawe muri yombi, ahamagara umutwe w'iterabwoba kandi ategura indege ya Andrei zhdanov na Verment Voroshilov na Verment Voroshilov na Clemejelov. Mu ibazwa, umugore arakubise, yabuze umwana. Kuva i Berggolts, kwatura, yangizaga ingingo ya sasita.
Ubufasha bwaturutse kuri Olga berggolts batategereje: yafashije kuva mu kirere cya Alexander Verindev. Ku byerekeye umwanditsi, habaye kwinjira kubyerekeye gutanga ubuhamya bufite igitutu. Umugabo wanjye Nikolai Molchanov yafashije uko byagenze. Ariko intambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu yabujije umunezero wumuryango.
Intambara
Umugabo Olga Bergalt yagiye imbere, nubwo yari afite ubumuga. Muri Mutarama 1942, igicuri cyakongejwe na Molchanova, agwa mu bitaro maze ku ya 29 Mutarama arapfa. Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1942, Olga, Data yise ibintu biteye akaga (Impamvu yari izina ry'Ubudage) kandi ryoherejwe i Krasnoyarsk. PoeteSS yasuzumwe dystrophy, inshuti zambutse muri Moscou, zikiza ubuzima. Umugore yagarutse mu mezi 2. Yakoraga kuri radiyo, ijwi rye ku Bamuganga bamanikwa bavuka.
Kuvuga ko radio yasibye imbuto za berggolts, yakoresheje ubutwari bw'abakennye, nyuma y'intambara binjiye mu cyegeranyo ". Muri "Leningrad Poem" berggolts imbere yabasomyi bavuka ishusho yumujyi ugoswe. Ubu ni kimwe gusa mu bikorwa byinshi kuri cumi na kimwe kijyanye na Leningrad, atobora cyane. Munsi yikaramu ya Olga Fedorovna muri izo myaka iteye ubwoba, ibisigo "Gashyantare Diary" na "Kwibuka ba mbunganira" bavutse.
Nyuma y'intambara, berggolts yanditse igitabo "Umunsi w'iminsi" - Ikarita ya filozofiya, ivuga muri make abafite inararibonye. Hanyuma, igihugu cyashimye ibyiza by'umwanditsi, shook olga berggolts amabwiriza n'imidari. Ariko igihembo nyamukuru nicyo cyabantu bakundana nizina rya "Leningrad Madonna". Poetess izwi cyane yashushanyije ku Rwibutso rwa Piskarevsky:
"Nta muntu wibagiwe kandi nta kintu cyibagirana."Ariko ingorane mubuzima bwa OKga bergalt ntabwo zahagaritse nyuma yo gutsinda. Leningrad "yafashe mu masomero agira ati:" Ubucuti na Anna Akhmatova bwashinjwaga mu cyaha. Mu gihe cy'itumba cyo mu 1948, nta se wabaye se poetess. Imibabaro y'inararibonye yagize ingaruka ku munyabwenge w'abagore bakomeretse n'amakuba: berggolts yakubise ibitaro kugira ngo arwaye mu mutwe.
Nyuma yo kuva mu bitaro Olga Fedorovna yanditse ikiga, cyashyizwe mu makinamico ya Leningrad. Mu mpera za 1950 i Moscou, umunyamunyaminota ibiri yaje. Ibyifuzo bya berggolts nyuma y'urupfu rw'umwanditsi wafatiriwe mu makambi yihariye. Byasohotse muri Laminature yakorewe imirimo mu 1990. Muri bo, Olga Fedorovna yakubise ubugome imbaraga zateye abantu ibitambo biteye ubwoba mu ntambara. Ikarita ya documentaire "Uburyo tudashoboka ko twabanaga hafi ya" Blocade Madonna ".
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ibyishimo byaramwenyuye na Olga bergolz gake. Urubyiruko rukunda impanori cornilov rwarangiye mugutandukana: Inyenyeri Yinyenyeri Yumugabo we yakuze mubusinzi. Gutandukana no kwihuza byari binaniwe na Olga. Umugabo yagiye, asiga umukobwa wa Irina. Ubushize babona urupfu rwa kornilov vuba mbere y'urupfu. Noneho olga bergulz yashakanye na kabiri. Nikolai Molchanov yaje kuba umugabo w'ingenzi mu buzima bwe, yababariye ibitabo by'igihe gito no gusenga umugore we.
Mu bashakanye na Molchanov, umukobwa wa kabiri yavutse - Maya. Umwaka umwe, mu 1932, umukobwa yarapfuye. Mu myaka 4, umukobwa mukuru wa IRA yapfuye, yari afite indwara z'umutima. Inda zose zakurikiyeho Orga Bergoltz zarahagaritswe. Ubushize umugore yabuze umwana mu ntebe za NKVD.
Ibyishimo by'abagore byaramwenyuye muri make kuri "Blocade Madonna" nyuma y'urupfu rwa Nikolai Molchanova. Umukozi wa Radiyo Comit Georgy MConenko yitaye kuri Oga, igihe we, inzara n'akababaro n'agahinda, yatakaje icyifuzo cyo kwizirika ku buzima. Nyuma, uru rukundo rwanyuma olga rwasutse mumirongo, guhamagara "umusozi". Icyumweru na Rutin gufata. George yasize Olga, undi mugore yagaragaye mubuzima bwe. Kugeza apfuye kumeza yijoro, Olga berggolts yahagaze yerekanaga umugabo wa kabiri - Nikolai Molchanova.
Urupfu
Olga bergoltz ntabwo yabaye ku ya 13 Ugushyingo 1975. Inzu ndangamurage y'amaraso Lekiyerad yahinduye 65.
Nashyinguye poetess atari aho yigishije - irimbi rya Piskarevsky, mu nshuti zapfuye mu kuzirika. Olga berggolts imva - ku irimbi ry'impyisi, ku nzira nyabagendwa. Urwibutso rwashinzwe mu myaka 30, mu 2005.
Umwanditsi yitwaga Umuhanda mu karere ka Nevsky. Undi yambara izina rya Bergholt hagati ya Uglich.
Bibliografiya
- 1935 - "LYRICS"
- 1944 - "Doningrad Diary"
- 1946 - Lemingrad "
- 1960 - "Umunsi w'inyenyeri"
- 1967 - Ibikorwa byatoranijwe mubumbe 2
- 1967 - "Umunsi w'inyenyeri"
- 1970 - "Ubudahemuka"