Ubuzima
Plen-Battist Plente - Igifaransa cyateye XVII, Umuremyi w'ingimbi wa kera wamamaye munsi y'ikinamico Pseudonym Moliere. Plen-battist Plente yavutse ku ya 15 Mutarama 1622, mu murwa mukuru w'Ubufaransa - Paris.
Umutware wumuryango, Jean Plente, kandi abakinyi bombi ba Santa bari baspasher. Ukurikije ko se w'umwanditsi yaguze umwanya wa Colarer n'umwami wa Kamegener, nta kibazo yari afite ku bijyanye n'imari. Mama, Cress Marie, yapfuye azize igituntu mu busore bwe.
Jean Plente yabonye mu rwego rwo gusinda mu biro by'urukiko ndetse agera ku mwami kugira ngo amubone umwanya we kumugaragaro. Kuva uru rubanza ntirwasabye uburezi bwihariye, Jean-battist imyaka cumi n'ine gusa bize gusoma no kwandika. Icyakora, sogokuru yashimangiye ko umwuzukuru yahawe ishuri rya Clermont.
Muri icyo gihe, cyari ikigo cyiza cyo kwigisha i Paris, mu ndimi za kera zagishijwe, siyanse ya kamere, filozofiya, kimwe n'ubuvanganzo bwa latin. Ubu bumenyi bw'umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza wa comedi "Mishanthrop" yari ahagije gusoma mu kirere no kwitiranya ibisigo no guhindura ibisigo by'urusigo rw'umuvugo Lucretia "kuri kamere".
Yakiriye impamyabumenyi y'umwarimu ufite uburenganzira bwo gutanga inyigisho. Duhereye ku bizima by'umwanditsi, birazwi ko mu buzima bwe nabwo yitabiriye uburambe bwo kuvuga mu rukiko ari umwunganira. Kubera iyo mpamvu, yaba avoka cyangwa de-nyakaro ya coherre Moliere yabaye.
Kwanga uburenganzira ku myanya ndabyara no gufata umugabane we mu murage w'ababyeyi, yagiye gushaka kuba umukinnyi ubabaje atangira kumenya inzira y'uburyarya. Muri kiriya gihe, ikinamico yanyuzwe n'imiterere y'umuhanda ku mashusho y'imisozi myiza, yanze kwinezeza inyigisho nziza z'imyidagaduro n'inyigisho za filozofiya kuri Abanyamerika kugira ngo bishyigikire ibitabo byinshi.
Ubuvanganzo
Hamwe nabakinnyi benshi, Jean-Baptiste yaremye ikinamico ye, kidashidikanya ku ntsinzi ye, cyitwa "umurinzi", yitabiriye ipitoni ya Moliere atangira kugerageza mu nshingano zibabaje. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko "ikinamico cyiza" cyabayeho kuva kera, utiteguye guhangana nitsinda rya Parisian yabigize umwuga. Abakunzi bashikamye cyane hamwe na Moliere yahisemo kugerageza umunezero mu Ntara.
Mu gihe cy'imyaka mirongo itatu mu Bufaransa mu Bufaransa (1646-1658), Maliere yakuwe mu mahano yandikiye cobediya, kubera ko yari make cyane cyane mu matungo icyo gihe yari make. Byongeye kandi, gukenera guhora tuvugurura reardtoire yahatiye Moliere gufata ikaramu kugirango ahinge. Rero, Jean-Baptiste, warose gukinira abantu nyamukuru mubikorwa, yagize uruhare muri comediografi.
Umukino wambere wumwimerere wa Malimy wabaye "ZehemIFNIF" usekeje ", washyizwe i Paris mu Gushyingo 1659. Intsinzi yari itangaje kandi igasebanya. Noneho haje "ishuri ryabagabo" 1661) - Kubijyanye no kwigisha abakobwa bato, n'umurimo w'Abagore "Ishuri" (1662). Abanyetes bakurikira ni "Tartuf, cyangwa umushukanyi" (1664), "Don Juan, cyangwa Umushyitsi w'amabuye" (1665) na Mishanthrop (1666) - bafatwa nk'imisozi yo guhanga kwa Moliere.
Mu ishusho y'inyuguti nkuru z'akazi, inzira eshatu z'isi-Oyyia zavuzwe: STHevisTesh Tarrenge, yizera ko ibyaha bya Dorpe yari urwitwazo rw'imigambi myiza, itaryarya, abuza ijuru no gupfa Munsi yumunyururu wubukwe bwabashyitsi, kimwe na gato, kutamenya ingeso mbi n'intege nke zayo.
Izi ngoma eshatu zose zatanze ubuvanganzo bwumwanditsi, zamuzaniye ibibazo mubuzima. "Tarduf" nyuma y'ibicuruzwa bya mbere byabujijwe kubera ko abizera babonye ibitero ku rusengero mu buryarya bw'amadini ya Tartfi.
Birazwi ko Arkiyepiskopi wa Paris yanagambiriye mu itorero kugira ngo agere kumenyera urwenya, n'abapadiri babiri, bahabwa amoko yera - umwanditsi atwika umuriro. Ndetse n'umwami birashoboka kubangamira muri iki kibazo, guhitamo gukomeza moleri y'ubwo rwihishwa. Urwenya ntiyigeze agaragara ku mashusho imyaka itanu kugeza ibigo rusange byari byoroheje.
"Minotaropa" abumva na bo ntibabyemera. Muri Alsesta, abari bateranye babonye kwerekana imiterere yihariye y'umwuka w'umwuka ubwe, wakosowe n'intwari nkuru. Impamvu ziteganijwe. Molie yaje icyo gihe yaje itsinda ry'umukara mubuzima. Hatabayeho kubaho numwaka, umuhungu we yarapfuye, kandi hamwe na Armanda, yinjira mu ikinamico ndetse no gutsinda kwambere no gutsinda, amakimbirane yatangiye.
"Don Juan" yanditswe na Jean-Batist nyuma yo guhagarika "Tartuf" kugaburira akarere, ariko inkuru idashimishije yaje kumugendera. Nyuma ya cumi na gatanu, nubwo intsinzi yuzuye urusaku muri rubanda, ikinamico gitunguranye cyarazimiye kuri stage.
Nyuma ya Tartf, Mariere yateje ibitekerezo byitondewe bwa gahunda ya Yesu, birashoboka, hano ntabwo yatwaye atabigizemo uruhare. Umwami gukiza Moliere Theatre, yamuzuye mu ipeti, gutanga izina "abakinnyi King", na Troupe atangura kumuha umushahara kuva bubiko.
Twabibutsa ko ubudahangarwa bwo guhanga bwa Moliere (icyitwa "udushya") yagereranije ubwihindurize bw'amahame meza, kandi ubuhanzi bwe butangaje, icyo gihe cyo guhana "icyo gihe hamwe nacyo gihe kurenga ku myitwarire.
Igiteranyo cya Moliere cyasize ibituruka 29, byanditswe mugihe cyiminsi mikuru y'urukiko - Umuganwakazi ELIDA (1664), "Bwana De DAGANIAK" (1669), "Abakunzi beza" (1670).
Ibyemezo bimwe na bimwe ni iz'ubwoko bw'inzu y'inzu-inzu, nka "Georges Danden, cyangwa umugabo wishutswe", "Plotnie Skapen", "Plot Disapen", "Plot Disapen", "Abahanga mu bagore." Ibikorwa bigezweho bya Moliere - "umuhanga mu by'ubutwari" (1670) na "umurwayi wa Mnimy" (1673) byanditswe nk'ivuriro.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Umugore wa mbere kandi w'ikinege wenyine wabaye mushiki we wahoze ari nyirabuja Mabuja Maderleine Verchar - Armand, wari muto cyane kuruta macowa. Indimi mbi zavugaga ko Artanda atari mushiki wa Mareleine, kandi yamagane "ubusambanyi" bwa Jean-Batista, wafashe umugore w'umwana we.
Dukurikije abivuga mu gihe, akenshi bibaho ku banditsi b'ubwoko bw'icyuza, Mwirije rwakundaga kuba umubabaro, byoroshye gutandukana no guhura n'ishyari ryatoranijwe. Birazwi ko gushyingirwa umwanditsi wumurimo wa Mothanism mubunyacyubahiro yamaze kwinjira mubusaza, kandi akaba yari akiri muto, igikundiro kandi cyiza.
Mubindi bintu, iyi nkuru yoroshye yarushijeho kwiyongera no gusebanya nibitekerezo bigaragara. Ibintu byose birangira. Louis Xiv, icyo gihe yari mukundana na Makemoiselle Louiselle Louise de Davalier, bityo agira atimaze kandi mugari.
Autocrat yafashe irinde ikinamico ya Volnodumman kandi, Byongeye, yemeye kuba imana yimfura ya Moliere na Armanda, byari byavuzwe cyane kuruta iryo tegeko ry'Umuremyi. Birazwi ko umuhungu w'umwanditsi yapfuye umwaka kuvuka.
Urupfu
Inshingano nyamukuru mubikorwa byikinamico yabo ya chaupe moeere yahisemo kwikuramo, kubatubahiriza abandi bakinnyi. Ku munsi wubuzima bwe bwa nyuma, 17 Gashyantare 1673, Umunyamust na we yagiye muri stage kugirango akine umwanya wa kane muri "Ishusho Yumurwayi". Iburyo mugihe cyo gukina, ikinamico yabaye mbi. Abavandimwe bimukiye gukorora urugo inkorora y'umwanditsi, aho yapfiriye mu masaha abiri.
Birazwi ko Arkiyepiskopi wa Paris ya mbere ya Horon Moron Moliere, kubera ko umuhanzi yari umunyabyaha munini kandi byabaye ngombwa ko yihana mbere y'urupfu. Gukosora ibintu by'umwami Louis Xiv.
Umuhango wo gushyingura ubwumvikane bukomeye bwabaye nijoro. Imva yari inyuma y'uruzitiro rw'uruzitiro rw'itorero rya Mutagatifu Yozefu, aho imigenzo y'iyiyahura n'abana batarakaye. Nyuma, ibisigazwa bya Jean-Batista Moliere yongeye gutwakwa n'igitunda kinini n'amabere. Irimbi rya per-buy. Umurage uhanga wuwashinze inzemu yamenetse wabitswe mubitabo bikubiyemo inama yimirimo myiza.
Mu 2007, umuyobozi Laurent Tirar yakuyeho filime "Moliere", ashingiye ku nkuru y'ibyo inkuru y'ubuzima bwa Jean-Batista ni inkambi. Byongeye kandi, mubihe bitandukanye, imirimo yumwanditsi, nk '"umubyinzo", "tarndu, cyangwa umushukanyi", "don juan, cyangwa pier" byihariye.
Muri Nzeri 2017, Premiere yo gukina "Inzozi za Bwana De Moliere" yabereye mu ikinamico ya Lenk kuri Mikhail Bulgakov "Kabala SvtionAtosh", yagarutse muri Nyakanga. Birazwi ko Jean-Batista yakinnye umukinnyi wagor Mirkurboneov.
Bibliografiya
- 1636 - "LETA"
- 1660 - "Sganarel, cyangwa Cuckold itekereza"
- 1662 - "Ishuri ry'Abagore"
- 1664 - "tartfi, cyangwa umushukanyi"
- 1665 - "Don Juan, cyangwa Pier"
- 1666 - "Mishanthrop"
- 1666 - "George Dendon, cyangwa Umugabo wishure"
- 1669 - "Bwana De DOGANOOniAK"
- 1670 - "Abenshi mu Banyacyubahiro"
- 1671 - "Icapiro rya Skapane"
- 1673 - "Mnimy Umurwayi"