Ubuzima
Maria Magdalina ni urukurikirane rwa Yesu Kristo, uvugwa nko muri Gatolika no muri orotodogisi n'Abaporotesitanti. Amazina yayo yitwa ubuhungiro kubagore baguye, Ishusho yumunyabyaha mwiza agaragazwa nacyo, kandi amasengesho yabwiwe nigishushanyo cya Magdalene atanga kwicisha bugufi, kandi ubutwari, ubufasha mubitotezo no kubaturage ba interosi. Maria asanzwe afatwa nk'uburyo bw'abakozi bashinzwe imibereho myiza y'abakozi, ababwiriza n'abarimu. Nanone, Maria Magdalene yari ikintu cyakundaga mu bahanzi ba Renaissance.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ubuzima bwa Magdalene bwuzuye ibisakuzo namabanga, kuko isoko imwe yerekana ukuri kwubuzima bwimigani ya Yesu Kristo ninyandiko mvanjiri. Kubwibyo, kwemeza cyangwa kuvuguruza niba Mariya Magadalena ari umuntu wamateka, abahanga mu birwanyi n'abahanga badashobora kugira.
Nta makuru ahari yerekeye ubwana n'urubyiruko rw'intwari. Izina ry'abamushyigikiye Mesiya rivugwa mu nkomoko imwe gusa - mu Ivanjili ya Luka, aho, iyo avuga ubuzima bw'Umwana w'Imana, igihe cyo kuvuga ubuzima bw'Umwana w'Imana, akivuga ku buzima bw'igitangaza avugwa n'abadayimoni, ndetse no mu zindi nyandiko zandikishijwe intoki - Yohana na Ikimenyetso - izina ry'umugore urashobora kuboneka mubice byinshi gusa.
Maria angana na Magadalene yavukiye mu mujyi wa Isiraheli wa Magdala, uherereye ku nkombe za Gennisteret Lake, mu majyaruguru y'igihugu cyera.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'umuryango wateye Maria, kandi ababyeyi be bari, hasigaye gukeka, kubera ko Ibyanditswe bicecetse. Nubwo imigani y'i Burayi yo mu Burayi ivuga ko ababyeyi be bita nyagasani na Euchariya, ariko andi masoko yerekana ko Magidalena yari impfubyi kandi akora ku isoko.
Birakwiye kwitondera izina ry'umunyeshuri wa Yesu Kristo. Maria aturuka ku rurimi rw'igiheburayo, kandi imigenzo ya gikristo isobanura iri zina nka "Madamu." Dukurikije ibitekerezo gakondo bya Bibiliya, nyina wa Yesu Kristo arahamagarwa cyane, yubaha abandi bakristo bubaha. Kandi izina rya Magdalene rifite imizi ya geografiya kandi isobanura "Kavukire mu mujyi wa Migdal-el".
Toonym yahinduwe neza nk '"umunara", kandi hariho impamvu zayo. Ikigaragara ni uko mu gihe cyo hagati, izi nyubako zari ikimenyetso cy'ikigereranyo, bityo, iyi mpingamubiri nziza yimuriwe ku mico yihariye ya Magdalen, yahawe imico yo mu mutwe.
Ariko hariho ikindi gitekerezo kireba izina ryamazina ahwanye ninteko yintumwa: Mububiko bwa Talmuda nyinshi hari imvugo "Magadella", bisobanurwa kuva mugiheburayo bisobanura "imisatsi yoroshye".
Guhura na Yesu Kristo
Hashingiwe ku Byanditswe Byera, birashobora gutekereza ko inama ya mbere ya Yesu Kristo na Maria Magadalene yabaye mu nzu ya Famoni Simoni, aho Umukiza yasigwaga. Miropomanazism nicyo gishoro umwizera, hamwe n'amavuta yo guteka byumwihariko, yimurirwa ku mpano z'Umwuka Wera.
Nk'uko umugani, umugore waje kuri Kristo yuvoma umutwe wa Yesu ukomoka muri Alavastastra, kimwe n'ibirenge bye amarira n'umutwe w'u mutwe. Ukurikije Amavanjiri ane, abigishwa ba Yesu ntibishimye kuba umushyitsi uza yakoresheje mu buryo buhenze kurushaho, kandi asenywaga amafaranga ku bakene. Nanone, Umufarisayi yavuze ko umunyabyaha yakoze umunyabyaha, ahubwo ni Yesu, agereranya Simoni adafite ubushishozi n'imbaraga za Mariya, yagize ati:
"Ni yo mpamvu ndabibabwiye: Ibyaha byababariwe na benshi kuba benshi kubera gukundwa cyane, kandi ni bo bavuga gato, akunda bike. Yavuze ati: Basezera neza ibyaha. "Ariko bamwe bavuga ko inama ya Magdalene na Yesu byabaye mbere kuruta inzu ya Simoni. Kristo yavuze ko "yakundaga cyane," ni ukuvuga rero, dushobora gutekereza ko Mariya yari muri Mesiya yari muri Mesiya ukurikira i Yeruzalemu. Nyuma yo kubabarirwa kwa Magadalene, atangira gusoma no kwandika kuri Kristo umunyeshuri mwiza, ariko Mariya ntabwo yari mu ntumwa 12 ku ishusho "ibanga ryUmusaraba".
Magadalena yatangiye gukurikira Kristo, amukorera no gusangira umurage we, kandi Mesiya yizeraga uyu mugore ndetse n'amabanga magara, kubera ibyo Magdalen yacitse intege ko adakunda kurwanya isugi y'ibidukikije.
Nk'uko umugani, uyu mugore niwe wenyine utasize Umukiza igihe yatangwaga, mu gihe Petero, indahemuka ku ntumwa, yaretse Umuyobozi we nyuma yo gufungwa.
Birazwi ko Maria Magdalina yari ahari abicwa na Yesu Kristo hamwe na nyina, mushiki wa nyina na Maria Cleopova. Urukurikirane rw'Umwana w'Imana rwahagaze hafi ya Kristo, rugabana imibabaro ikomeye y'ababyeyi b'isugi. Igihe umutima w'Umukiza wahagaritse imirwano, Maria yaririra Umukiza, hanyuma aherekeza umurambo wa Yesu ku isanduku yimise muri Yozefu.
Ibitabo by byzantine byerekana ko nyuma yo kubambwa Maria Magadalene, hamwe na nyina w'Imana, yagiye mu mujyi wa Efeso wa kera, kuri John Bogoslov, kandi amufasha mu mirimo. By the way, ni Ubutumwa bwiza bwa Yohana bukubiyemo amakuru menshi yerekeye ubuzima bwa Magdalen.
Dukurikije umugani, Maria Magadalene yagarutse umunsi umwe nyuma y'urupfu rwa Kristo muri ubwo buvumo bwerekana ko yiyeguriye Umukiza, adahagije umubiri we ufite amavuta ahiga n'isi. Ariko igihe mugenzi wa Yesu yaje kumusozi wa Yesu, yasanze ibuye rifunga umuryango wubuvumo riva aho hantu, kandi ubuvumo ubwabwo ari ubusa.
Maria yihebye yo ku musozi yagiye kwa Yohana na Petero, kugira ngo avuga ku kuba umurambo wa Mesiya wabuze ahashyingurwa. Hanyuma intumwa hamwe na Magdalina zongeye kujya mu gahinda urutare, mbona ko ubuvumo bwarimo ubusa. Abigishwa ba Kristo muri Grudis bavuye muri Gratto bavuye muri Grotto, mu gihe Maria yagumye iruhande rw'igifuni, arira kandi agerageza kumva impamvu yo kubura kwa Yesu Kristo.
Maria Magadalene yahanze amaso abona ko abamarayika babiri bicaye imbere ye. Igihe babazaga impamvu yo kuba inkumi zibabaje, yashubije ko yababajwe na Utazwi. Umugore azura amaso abona Yesu Kristo, yashyikirije ubujurire ko umurimyi asaba kwerekana aho imva ya mwarimu yari. Ariko igihe izina rye rishya ryatanze, amenya Umwana w'Imana kandi yihutira kugera ku birenge. Ukurikije amaboko y'ivugabutumwa, Yesu yashubije Mariya:
"Ntunkoreho, kuko ntarajyana kwa data; Ujye kwa barumuna banjye ubabwire uti: "Nmowe kuri So na So, n'Imana ku Mana n'Imana."Ubukurikira, Yesu yategetse Magdaline kubwira intumwa inkuru kubyerekeye izuka rye.
Ubukristo
Dukurikije imigani ishingiye kuri Bibiliya, Isugi Yera yabaye hafi ya Yesu Kristo nyuma yo gukira imyuka mibi no kwihana ibyaha bya gikristo, bityo abantu benshi b'imigenzo ya gikristo bari bafite ingaruka mbi kandi umunyabyaha.
Indangamuntu nka Mariya hamwe numugore w'Ivanjili utavuzwe, koza amaguru yUmukiza, urashobora kubisanga muri Gakondo Gatolika, ariko urukurikirane rwa Kristo ntivuga ko muri Misei, cyangwa muri Akthist. Rero, mu gikari cya Gatolika cya Magadalene gifata isura yahoze ari Darcona, maze Tirantian Pian Tian yashoboye gutanga amarangamutima y'umugore ku ishusho ye "gukurura Maria Magadalene."
Dukurikije Gatolika, Maria Magdalen yari ahagarariye umwuga wa kera, kandi ahura n'Umwana w'Imana, yanze ko crate ye ahinduka urukurikirane.
Birakwiye ko tumenya ko Ibyanditswe bya orotodogisi bivuga gusa ku buryo bw'abadayimoni ba Magadalene, bahakana kahise ke. Ariko ubuzima bwa Mariya bwarimo imihimba, kuko inkumi ntabwo yarubatse kandi nta mwana yari afite. Muri iyo minsi, abagore nk'abo basuzumye bakekaye, kandi bakaba aririnda imyenda y'abantu, Mariya yagombaga kwigira nkaho ahangayitse.
Mu migenzo ya orotodogisi, Maria Magdalene igaragara nk'umutagatifu uhwanye na Minonine (mu baporotesitanti - gusa nka Mironine Yera). Yatanze umusanzu udashidikanywaho mu nyigisho. Maria akwirakwiza amakuru yerekeye Yesu mu Butaliyani kandi yigeze gusura umuyobozi wa giberiya.
Umugore yaguye igi n'impano kubera kubura ikindi kintu, maze ati "Kristo yazutse!". Tiberiyo yavuze ko izuka ridashoboka, nk'uko amagi yatanzwe azaba umutuku. Ariko, amagi yari maraso-umutuku. Imigenzo ya pasika rero yavutse.
Byemerwa ko katedrali ya Kristo yakoze byinshi i Roma, nkuko bigaragazwa nigitabo cyo mu Isezerano Rishya, aho imikino yo mu rwandiko intumwa yera Pawulo abitswe.
Ku bijyanye na Gatolika, bivugwa ko igice cya kabiri cy'ubuzima bwa Mariya Magadalene cyamaranye mu butayu, aho imibereho yo kwibabaza yari iyobowe kandi buri munsi yirukanye ibyaha. Imyambarire y'inkumi yera yananutse, bityo ubwato bwumugore butwikiriye umusatsi muremure, kandi abamarayika ubwabo bazamutse bajya mwijuru kugirango bakire umubiri we unaniwe. Ariko birakwiye ko havuga ko iki gikorwa cyatijwe kubisobanuro by'Itangiriro by'Abakristu Mutagatifu Mariya w'Umunyamisiri, bifatwa nk'uburyo bw'abagore bavuga.
URUKUNDO
Ubuzima bwihariye bwa Mariya Magadalena bwatwikiriye muri Halo w'intambwe y'intambwe, ntabwo rero bitangaje kuba inyigisho zitandukanye zijyanye n'intumwa zitandukanye zarangwa mu mateka. Urugero, bamwe bizera ko Maria Magadalena yari umugore wa Yohani tewolojiya, mu gihe abandi tudashidikanya ko Mironosi yari umugore wa Yesu Kristo, kuko uyu mugore bigira uruhare rukomeye hafi mu episode cy'ingenzi mu Isezerano Rishya.
Kubera ko Abahagarariye Itorero bagerageje gukuraho ibitabo bitari paradizo, amakuru ninde wabaye Yesu ukunda, nta gushidikanya ko hari igitekerezo cyuko ubuzima bwumuryango wa Mesiya bwaciwe byumwihariko.
Ariko abahanga benshi bakunda gushigikira Magdalene. Igice cyerekana mubutumwa bwiza mugihe abanyeshuri b'Umwana w'Imana barashe Yesu kuri Magadalene kubera gusomana ku minwa.
Muri iyo minsi, umugore utarashatse ntabwo yari afite uburenganzira bwo guherekeza inzererezi mumuhanda, bitandukanye numugore wimwe murimwe. Mu bindi, abahanga bavuga ko nyuma yo kuzuka, Kristo yaje Mariya, atari abigishwa be. Byongeye kandi, abagabo batari bafite abashakanye bafatwaga nk'ikintu kidasanzwe, bityo Yesu atigeze ahinduka umuhanuzi n'umwigisha.
Urupfu
Muri orothodoxie, Maria Magadalen yapfuye atuje kandi atuje, umugore yapfiriye muri Efeso, maze abicana bimuriwe mu kigo cya ko Efasi, maze abicana bimuriwe mu kigo cya ko Efasos, maze abicana bimuriwe mu kigo cya ko Efasos, maze abicana bimuriwe mu kigo cya ko Efasos, maze abicana bimuriwe mu kigo cya ko Efasi, maze abicana bimuriwe mu kigo cya ko Efasos, maze abicana bimuriwe mu kigo cya ko Efasos, maze abicana bimuriwe mu kigo cya ko Efasos, maze abicana bimuriwe mu kigo cya ko Efasi
Nk'uko andi shami ry'amasomo ya gikristo, muri kiriya gihe, igihe Maria yari mukuru mu butayu, umutambyi we yinjiye muri ako gasozi, wagerageje ipfunwe rya mbere n'umugore. Dukurikije Gatolika, ibisigazwa bingana n'intumwa zera babikwa mu rusengero rwa Saint-Maximin-lamut-bom, muri Provence.
Kwibuka Mariya Magadalena, amashusho menshi y'amabara yanditse kandi afata amashusho. Birashimishije kubona inkwara, umunyeshuri wa Kristo ugereranywa mubice bimwe bidasanzwe, mugihe akenshi bishobora kugaragara mwishusho ya Mironine, hamwe nubwato bwimibavu.
Kwibuka
- 1565 - Gushushanya "gukurura Maria Magdalene" (Titan)
- 1861 - Umuvugo "Maria Magdalina" (Nikolay Ogarov)
- 1923 - Uruziga rwa Magdalene Ibisigo (Marina Tsveeva)
- 1970 - Urutare rwa Opera "Yesu Kristo Super Star" (Andereya Lloyd Weber)
- 1985 - Maria Magdalena (Sandra)
- 2017 - Mary Magdalene Filime (Garth Davis)