Ubuzima
IHURIRO z'ikinyejana cya xx zaranzwe mu Burusiya ntabwo ari intambara nini kandi yamaraso mu mateka yose yo kubaho kwabantu, ariko kandi hamwe nibintu byintwari byabantu. Twibutse kuri ibyo bihe, usibye inzibutso n'umubabaro, twakomeje ibisigo no mu rwego rw'abanditsi b'Abarusiya b'intambara nyuma y'intambara, wafataga mu kinyejana cyasenyutse mu mirimo yabo.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
David Samoilov ni uwihimba ku musizi w'Uburusiya, umusemuzi bakomoka mu Bayahudi bakomoka kuri David Samufman. David Samulovich yavukiye i Moscou, ku ya 1 Kamena 1920. Samuel Abramovich Kaufman, data David, yari umuhanga wa Moscore uzwi cyane. Mw'izina rya Data, umusizi w'inyamanswa - David Samoilov. Amashuri makuru yuwasore yakiriwe ku kigo cya Moscou, ubuvanganzo namateka.
Mu 1939, kuba umunyeshuri w'isomo 2, Dawidi yashakaga kuva mu bushake imbere y'intambara ya Finilande, ariko ntiyashoboye ubuzima (muri bamwe aho impamvu ni imyaka idahagije y'umusore). Kandi mu 1941, Dawidi yaguye ku murimo w'intambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu. Umusizi uzaza ni amafi mukarere ka Smolensk, umujyi wa Vyazma. Ngaho ubuzima bwa Samoloilog bubi, uwo musore yoherejwe inyuma, yerekeza mu mujyi wa Samarkand wa Uzberika. Muri Uzubekisitani, umusore yakomeje kwiga ku shami rya nimugoroba ryo mu kigo cya Pedagoge.
Nyuma yuko pedigree, Dawidi yinjiye mu ishuri ry'abasirikare, ariko ntiyashobora kurangiza. Mu 1942, umusore yongeye kuza imbere, mu karere ka Leningrad, mu mujyi wa Tikhvin. Mu kwigarurira umwaka umwe, Dawidi yakomeretse bikomeye - agace k'amabuye y'agaciro byarangije ukuboko kwe. Byabereye mu gace ka Karbuse, 23 Werurwe 1943. Dawidi, kubera ko ari imashini imbunda, yinjiye mu mvuvu, yonyine arimbura abanzi batatu mu ntambara yo ku nkombe n'intoki. Kuberako ubutwari muri icyo gitero na pedoilov yuzuye yakiriye umudari "kubutwari".
Nyuma yumwaka, muri Werurwe 1944, umusirikare w'intwari wongeye kugaruka muri sisitemu, ubu ku murongo wa Biyelorusiya yongeye kurwara no mu rwego rw'aharanira umutekano, aho igice cyabaye nk'ibyanditswe. Ugushyingo 1944, Samoilov yakiriye undi mudari - "ku byemezo bya gisirikare". Nyuma y'intambara irangiye, muri Kamena 1945, Samoyov yahawe igihembo cya gatatu - icyemezo cy'inyenyeri itukura kugira ngo ifatanye n'Ubudage Guhuza Umudage-Ofisiye, watanze amakuru y'agaciro ku butahanga bw'Abasoviyeti.
Umusizi yanyuze mu ntambara yose, yarakomeretse, abandi bahemba, bitabiriye intambara ya Berlin - Birumvikana ko intambara yasize igicapo mu bugingo bw'urugo.
Ubuvanganzo
Itangazwa rya mbere ry'imirimo y'umusizi ryabaye mu 1941, riyobowe n'ukuri umwanditsi - David Kaufman, icyegeranyo cyiswe "guhiga mammoth." Mu myigire ye muri Mythli Samoilov, Sergey Sergeyevich Narovchadov, Mikhail Valentino Kulchisky, Boris Abramovich Slutsky, Pavlom Davydovich Kogan, weguriwe umwambaro wa batanu. Aba banditsi nyuma batangiye guhamagara abasiganwa ku gisirikare.
Mu mezi ya mbere, imbere, Dawidi yanditse ibisigo bye mu ikaye, nyuma yo gutsinda, benshi muri bo batangazwa mu binyamakuru by'ubuvanganzo. Mugihe cyintambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu, Samoilov ntabwo yatangaje ibisigo, usibye igisigo cya sateire cyeguriwe Adolf Hitler.
Byongeye kandi, ubuzima imbere yahumekeye umusore kubikorwa by'imivugo yerekeye ubuzima bw'umusirikare muburyo bw'ishusho rusange yitwa Foma Masseln. Ibi bisigo byacapishijwe mubinyamakuru byaho, bitera kwizera kandi byishimira kunesha abandi basirikare. Igisigo kizwi cyane cya David Samulovich, cyeguriwe intambara, cyitwa "Haltieth, yica ...". Irerekana insanganyamatsiko rusange yintambara nikibazo cyigisekuru cya gisirikare. Ariko icyarimwe Samoilov mu kazi ntabwo byagize ingaruka ku ngingo za politiki.
Intambara irangiye, umusizi yinjije kandi yandika ibintu kuri radiyo. Kumenyekana ubuvanganzo byaje kuri Samoyallov gusa mu 190 gusa, nyuma yo kurekura ibisigo byitwa "iminsi". Kuba, David Samuelovich ntabwo yayoboye ubuzima bwisi mu bihe by'ubuvanganzo, ariko yishimiye kuvugana na Heinrich, Bulat Okudzhava n'abandi mu gihe cy'abahanga.
Mu 1972, igisigo "ibiruhuko byashize" byasohotse, aho ibihe n'ibihugu bitandukanye by'amateka n'ibihugu biri mu rugendo rw'imiterere nyamukuru mu Budage bwubatswe. Usibye ingingo za gisirikare n'amateka, hariho amagambo nyaburanga muri Samoilov (urugero, igisigo "umututsi utukura") n'imirimo y'urukundo (Beatrice). Urukundo Amagambo yumusizi aratuje nubukonje, nta shimitonde, nta shimitonde, biranga iyi ntera. Akenshi, guhangaya ya samolova ugereranije nudusunika: Mu magambo ya David Samulovich, gusunika birahari muburyo bwumugani uzi ubuzima.
Usibye ibisigo byayo bwite, umusizi yahinduwe imirimo n'abanditsi b'abanyamahanga, banditse ibintu byo gukora ibitaramo, amagambo ya firime. Nubwo ingingo zikomeye mubikorwa byumusizi, yakunze kuvuga nk'abanditsi b'imivugo kuva mu bwana. Ibitabo by'abana bya Samoilov byanditse mu kinyejana cya 80 cy'ikinyejana cya makumyabiri. Imirimo y'abana yuzuyemo amateka, gukunda umubyeyi n'abarusiya.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Yagarutse ku ntwari avuye ku ntambara, yarongoye Olga Lazarev Sarelson mu 1946. Olga yari amateka yihariye. Ubuzima bwumusizi Samoilov hafi ntabwo avuga ku buzima bwite bwa David Samulovich. Birazwi ko mu bashakanye Kanufmans yari afite umuhungu wenyine wa Alegizandere. Alexander Kaufman (Alexander Davydov's Pseudonymm's Pseudonym) yagiye mu kirenge cya Data, aba umusemuzi na prose.
Ariko rero, mu ishyingiranwa rya mbere, ubuzima bwo mu muryango bwa Dawidi ntabwo bwakoze. Umusizi yashakanye inshuro nyinshi Galina Ivanovna Medvedev, mu bashakanye aho Petero yavukiyemo, Varvara na Pawulo.
Imico yihariye ya Samolova yibukijega kubazana numuhungu we. David Samuelovich yari umuntu wiyoroshya, yoroshye kandi afite urwenya. Mu muto, Dawidi yari afite izina rya Dazik mu nshuti magara. Byinshi kuri Samoyov ivuga ikarita yumuntu ku giti cye umusizi yitwaye mumyaka 28 yanyuma. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa prose n'imivugo bivuye muri diary byatangajwe igice.
Urupfu
Mu 1974, Samoilov n'umuryango we bava i Moscou mu mujyi wa Pärnu). Umuryango wabaga ntabwo waguzwe kugeza umusizi yaguze igorofa rya kabiri ryinzu. Ukurikije abo mu gihe, ibidukikije byera na gituza pärnu byagutse ubuzima bwumusizi byibuze imyaka itari mike.
Nubwo Samoloilov atagaragaje ibitekerezo bya politiki, abakozi ba Komite ishinzwe umutekano wa Leta ya USSR yahoraga kurema ubuzima no guhanga cyane, ariko ibi ntibyari bitesha umutwe umusizi.
David Samulovich Kaufman yababaje imyaka ya nyuma y'ubuzima, ariko urupfu rwe rwatunguranye. Umusika wo ku ya 23 Gashyantare 1990 arapfa, mu mujyi wa Pärnu, ku cyiciro cy'umucurape, yihishe akanya inyuma y'inyuma maze asezera ko byose ari byiza.
Bibliografiya
- 1958 - "Ibihugu byo hagati"
- 1961 - "Inzovu yagiye Kwiga"
- 1961 - "Inzu Ndangamurage"
- 1962 - "Umuhanda wumuhanda"
- 1963 - "Pass ya kabiri"
- 1970 - "IMINSI"
- 1972 - "Equinox"
- 1974 - "Umuhengeri n'amabuye"
- 1975 - "Kugendera ku matariki yacu ..."
- 1978 - "Ubutumwa"
- 1981 - "Bay"
- 1981 - "Imirongo y'intoki"
- 1981 - "Guhatira"
- 1983 - "Ibihe"
- 1985 - "Amajwi ku misozi"
- 1987 - "Reka igisigo" gutanga "
- 1989 - "Intoki"
- 1989 - "Beatrice"
- 1990 - "Urubura"