Ubuzima
Thomas Edison Isi Izi nkuwahimbye washoboye kunoza itara, kimwe numwanditsi wa fonografi, intebe y'amashanyarazi na indamutso ya terefone. Ariko, bitandukanye nabantu benshi, umugabo yatandukanijwe nimpano nziza yo kwihangira imirimo.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Thomas Aliva Edison yavutse ku ya 11 Gashyantare 1847 mu mujyi wa Malen, mu muryango w'abimukira baturutse mu Buholandi. Al, nkuko bise abahimbye ejo hazaza mu bwana, ntibatandukanye mu buzima bw'iterabwoba - gukura muke, abajura (nubwo Thomas ireba amafoto y'abana). Byongeye kandi, yababajwe no kutagira scarlatina agaragaza ku iburanisha - umuhungu wumuriro kumutwe wibumoso. Ababyeyi bakigaho umuhungu we, kuko mbere yuko batakaza abana babiri.
Thomas ntabwo yatsinze ishuri, abarimu bari bafite umwana uhagije ku mwana muto "muto" mu gihe cy'amezi atatu, nyuma ababyeyi bari kumwe n'abacana baramukuye ku ishuri bambara umukoro wabo. Hamwe na Azas yubumenyi bwishuri Edison yatangije Elioliya, Nancyncy, umukobwa wumupadiri afite uburezi bwiza nuburezi.
Tomasi yazamutse mu mwana w'abana, ashishikajwe cyane n'ibibera - ukundwa kureba ababatsi, akenshi bazunguruka hafi y'ababaji, bareba akazi kabo. Indi isomo ridasanzwe watanze isaha nugukoporora inyandiko kubimenyetso byububiko.
Hinagurwa kwa Edison mu mujyi wa Porto Huron, Semilennaya Thomas yahuye n'isi ishimishije yo gusoma no ku nshuro ya mbere nagerageje imbaraga zo guhanga. Muri icyo gihe, umuhungu acuruzaga n'imbuto n'imboga hamwe na nyina, kandi mu gihe cye cyakazi yahungiye mu isomero rusange ry'umujyi inyuma y'ibitabo.
Kugeza 12, umwangavu yahuye n'imirimo ya Edward Gibbon, David Yuma, Richard Burton, ariko igitabo cya mbere cya siyansi cyasomwe kandi gikoreshwa mu bikorwa undi mu myaka 9. "Filozofiya karemano na philozofiya" y'ubwanditsi bwa Richard Green Parker Ubumwe na Watwork yagezeho n'ubushakashatsi n'ingero za Tomasi inshuro nyinshi.
Ubushakashatsi bwa chimique bwasabye ishoramari, twizeye kubona amafaranga menshi. Edison yo gusore yakemuwe nugurisha ibinyamakuru kuri gari ya moshi. Umusore yari yemerewe no guha laboratoire mumodoka yimizigo ya gari ya moshi, aho yakoraga ubushakashatsi. Ariko, mugihe gito, kubera ko Tomasi Tomasi yirukanye hamwe na laboratoire.
Mu gihe cyakazi kuri sitasiyo, ibyabaye byarabaye, byafashaga guteza imbere ubuzima bw'umurimo wo kubahira Nouvot. Edison yakijijwe gupfa munsi yinziga yumutwe wumwana wumuhungu wa Sitasiyo, yakiriye umwanya wa telegraph, aho yakoraga imyaka myinshi.
Ku izuba rirenze, Thomas yazengurutse Amerika ashakisha aho ubuzima: yabaga muri Indianapolis, i Nashville, yasubiye mu bakozi be kavukire, ariko mu 1868 yasubiye i Boston, hanyuma i New York. Muri iki gihe cyose, yagabanijwe neza, kuko umugabane wintare winjiza wakoreshejwe mubitabo nubushakashatsi.
Ibintu byavumbuwe
Ibanga ryibigishije cyane kwigishije ibintu byoroshye kandi riri mubintu byavuzwe na Tomas Edison, amaherezo yabaye imvugo ituye:
"Ubuhanga ni 1 ku ijana byo guhumekwa na 99 ku ijana byo kubira ibyuya."Agaciro k'amagambo yatomwe inshuro nyinshi, Lunai kandi amara ijoro muri laboratoire. Nkuko yiyemereye, rimwe na rimwe yashimishwaga ku buryo yamaze ku kazi kugeza amasaha 19. Muri banki ya Edison - Patents 1093 yakiriwe muri Amerika, hamwe ninyandiko ibihumbi 3 kuri Bwerekana ibintu byavumbuwe mubindi bihugu. Muri icyo gihe, ibiremwa bwa mbere mu mugabo ntibyaguge. Kurugero, counterriotts ibara metero ntacyo zimaze mumatora.
Amahirwe masa amwenyura mugihe cyo gukora muri sosiyete "Zahabu & Stoke Telegraph ya sosiyete". Tomasi yabonye akazi muri leta bitewe nuko yagabanije ikigo cya telegraph - hamwe niki gikorwa, ntamuntu numwe washobora kwihanganira na shobuja batumiwe. Kandi mu 1870, uburyo bwateye imbere bwa telegraph yishyurwa amasasu kumasomo ya zahabu nibigega, yishimiye kubabaza. Umuhigo wakoresheje amafaranga ku gufungura amahugurwa ye bwite yo gukora amajwi yo kungurana ibitekerezo, nyuma yumwaka umwe, Edison yari amaze kugira amahugurwa atatu nkaya.
Bidatinze, urubanza rwaratsinze kurushaho. Thomas yashinze isosiyete "Papa, Edison & CO", imyaka itanu yakurikiyeho yari umusaruro, by'umwihariko, igihangano gikomeye cyagaragaye - ku buryo bukomeye, aho byashobokaga kohereza icyarimwe ku butumwa bumwe kuri wire imwe icyarimwe. Ibikorwa byishimo byasabye laboratoire ifite ibikoresho byiza, maze mu 1876 hafi ya New York, mu mujyi wa Manlo Parike, kubaka inganda z'inganda z'ubushakashatsi bwatangiye. Laboratoire yaje guhuza imitwe yamagana n'amaboko y'ubuhanga.
Kugerageza guhindura ubutumwa bwa telegraph ku ijwi ryahindutse isura ya fonografi. Mu 1877, Edison abifashijwemo n'urushinge n'amavuko yanditseho indirimbo y'abana "Mariya yari afite umwana w'intama." Guhangashya byasuzumwe ku mpande z'impimbano, kandi Thomas yakiriye izina rya wizard muri parike ya Menlo.
Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, isi yemeje igihangano kizwi cyane cya Thomas Edison - yashoboye kunoza urumuri, kuzimya igihe cyacyo no koroshya umusaruro. Amatara ariho yatwitse mumasaha abiri, yakoresheje byinshi cyangwa bihenze bihenze. Edison yavuze ko bidatinze New York yagabanya urumuri rutagira urumuri rutagira amaraso, kandi igiciro cy'amashanyarazi cyaba gifite agaciro, kandi gitangira kugerageza. Ku mitwe ya intendescent, ibikoresho 6000 byagerageje kandi, amaherezo, bihagarara kuri fibre y'amakara, yakaga amasaha 13.5. Nyuma, ubuzima bwa serivisi bwiyongereye kugeza amasaha 1200.
Birashoboka gukoresha amatara yoroheje, kimwe na sisitemu yateye imbere mu gukora no kunywa amashanyarazi, Edison yerekanye ibyaremwe by'ingufu mu turere twork: amatara 400 yatangiraga. Umubare w'abaguzi b'amashanyarazi mu mezi menshi wiyongereye kuva 59 kugeza igice cye.
Mu 1882, "intambara yo" "yahagaritse, yamaze mbere yo gutangira imyaka 40. Edison yibajije kugirango imikoreshereze ya DC, yandujwe nta gihombo ari intera ngufi. Nikola Tesla, waje gukora muri Laboratoire ya Thomas, yagerageje kwerekana ko neza ko ari ukundi ikinyuranyo cyamuwe na kilometero amagana. Umushiki w'ejo hazaza uwahimbye yatanze icyifuzo cyo kubikoresha kubihingwa byimbaraga hamwe na manerator, ariko ntiyabona inkunga.
Tesla, abisabwe n'ingabo, yashyizeho imodoka 24 ku bundi buryo, ariko ntiyigeze abona akazi ko Edison yasezeranijwe amadorari ibihumbi 50, ababaza maze aba umunywanyi. Ari hamwe n'inganda George Westinguz, Nicola atangira kumenyekanisha ahandi hose. Thomas yatanze urukiko ndetse anakora ubukangurambaga bw'umwirabura, ahamya akaga ka ubu bwoko bw'iki gihe cyo kwica inyamaswa. Apogee yari igihangano cy'intebe y'amashanyarazi kugira ngo ashyirwe n'abagizi ba nabi.
Ingingo yo mu ntambara yatanzwe mu 2007: injeniyeri mukuru w'ingoma ya Edison yagabanije umugozi wa nyuma, ukurikije New York.
Umuhimbyi wihariye na we yashushanyije igikoresho kuri radiyo, ayita fluostope, na mikoro y'amakara yongereye ingano itumanaho rya terefone. Mu 1887, Edison Redison yubatse laboratoire nshya muri West ordz, nini kuruta ikoranabuhanga ryabanjirije. Ijwi ryandika hamwe na bateri ya alkaline yagaragaye hano.
Edison yasize ibimenyetso mumateka ya Cinemandography. Muri laboratoire ya Thomas yabonye urumuri rwa kintoscope - igikoresho gishoboye kwerekana amashusho yimuka. Muri rusange, igihangano cyari sinema ku giti cye - binyuze mu maso adasanzwe yarebye film. Nyuma gato, Edison yafunguye salle ya kintoscope kandi ifite ibikoresho icumi.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwa Thomas nabwo bwari bwari bwatsinze - bwashoboye kurongora kabiri no kubona abana batandatu. Hamwe n'umugore wa mbere, telegarayo Mariya aracya, uwahimbye hafi ku ikamba ry'amezi abiri aziranye. Ariko, ishyingiranwa ryagombaga gusubikwa rijyanye nurupfu rwa mama Edison. Ubukwe bwacunzwe mu Kuboza 1871. Ibirori bisekeje bifitanye isano no kwizihiza: Tomasi akimara iminsi mikuru yagiye kukazi yibagirwa ijoro ryubukwe.
Muri ubu bumwe, umukobwa n'abahungu babiri bagaragaye ku isi, abana bakuru bashishikajwe na Thomasi - hamwe n'ukuboko kwa Data mu rugo kwambara amavuriro na Dash, mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro abc morse. Mariya yapfuye mu myaka 29 avuye mubyigiki cyubwonko.
Bidatinze, Edison yabashyingiwe, hakurikijwe abahanga mu by'amateka, mu rukundo rwinshi. Minaller w'imyaka 27 yabaye abatowe, uwahimbye yigishije Azbuka Azbuke Morse, kandi muri uru rurimi ndetse yatangaye ukuboko n'umutima. Edison muri MINA nayo yabyaye abahungu babiri n'umukobwa - umukunzi we wenyine, wahaye se abuzukuru.
Urupfu
Uwahimbye cyane ntiyabayeho mu isabukuru yimyaka 85, ariko mbere yuko uwanyuma akora. Thomas Edison yarwaye diyabete Mellitus, indwara iteye ubwoba yatanze ingorane zidahuye n'ubuzima.
Yapfuye mu mpera yo mu 1931, mu nzu yo mu mujyi wa West Orinzh, waguze mu myaka 45 ishize nk'impano ku mugeni, umugore wanjye uzaza. Imva ya Edison iherereye inyuma yiyi nzu.
Ibintu bishimishije
- Edison yitirirwa guhinga imashini yoroshye yo gukoresha tatouage. Impamvu yakoreye amanota atanu kumaboko yibumoso ya Thomas, hanyuma akabarikanitwa Igikoresho, cyapanze mu 1876. Ariko, Samuel O'real afatwa nkumubyeyi wimashini ya tatoo.
- Umutimanama wuwahimbye, urupfu rwa Slonihi Topci. Abantu batatu bishwe mu makoko y'inyamaswa, nuko ahitamo kumwica. Mu byiringiro byo gutsinda "intambara yo muri Edison yemeye gushyira mu bikorwa ibisimburana 6000 by volt ya none, na" imikorere "yanditse kuri firime.
- Muri biografiya yumunyamerika hari umushinga wisanzuye, kugirango ugaragaze ko wubatse igihingwa cyose - kugirango ukemure ibyuma mubice bitandukanye. Compatriokts yasetse mu gutahira, kwerekana ko byoroshye kandi bihendutse gushora amafaranga mu kubitsa kwa ORE. Kandi bari bafite ukuri.
- Mu 1911, Edison yubatse inzu idakwiye igizwe na beto, harimo n'idirishya n'amashanyarazi. Noneho umugabo yihutiye kuba umushushanya ibikoresho, atanga ibintu byimbere mugihugu cyurukiko rw'abaguzi b'ejo hazaza. Kandi na none hari fiasco.
- Kimwe mu bitekerezo byo mu gasozi byari ibyaremwe bya kajugujugu bakorera ku mbunda.
- Itara ryavumbuwe hamwe nigihe kirekire cyakazi cyatanze ikiremwamuntu Umurimo wa Balish - Inzozi zabantu zagabanutse kumasaha 2. By the way, hamwe no kuzamura itara ryo kubara, impapuro 40.000 zamakaye zimaze.
- Ijambo "Mwaramutse", ikiganiro cya terefone yatangira, nacyo nigitekerezo cya Edison.
Ubuvumbuzi
- 1860 - AEROFOR
- 1868 - Amajwi y'amashanyarazi arimo amatora
- 1869 - Ticker Apparatus
- 1870 - Coal Terefone Membrane
- 1873 - Quadruplex Telegraph
- 1876 - MIMOVAP
- 1877 - fonografi
- 1877 - mikoro y'amakara
- 1879 - itara ryamatara hamwe nintoki
- 1880 - Gutandukanya magnetic yicyuma
- 1889 - Quinsonoscope
- 1889 - Intebe y'amashanyarazi
- 1908 - Bateri y'icyuma na Nikel