Ubuzima
Harry Truman - Perezida wa 33 wa Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika (imyaka y'ubutegetsi kuva mu 1945 kugeza 1953), mu bijyanye na politiki y'imbere mbere yigihe cye, ariko kubwibyo byananiranye fiasco. Hamwe na politiki yo gutanga, intambara y'ubutoni n'ubumwe bw'Abasoviyeti yarekuwe, Truman yinjiye mu nkuru nk'Umuremyi wa NATO n'umurwanyi ushishikaye kurwanya ubukomunisiti.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Perezida w'Ubutegetsi w'Amerika yavutse ku ya 8 Gicurasi 1884 mu mujyi wa Lamar (Missouri). Harry ni abakuru b'abana batatu ba Fermer na Cottle Umucuruzi wa John Anderson Truman. Umuryango imyaka itari mike muri Amerika, kugeza igihe yataye mu bwigenge, aho Harry yagiye ku ishuri. Umuhungu ushimishije gusoma ibitabo, amateka numuziki - Roza saa kumi n'ebyiri za mugitondo kugirango yige indi ngendesha kuri piyano.
![Igishushanyo cya Harry Truman Igishushanyo cya Harry Truman](/userfiles/126/16589_1.webp)
Nyuma y'ishuri, Harry yiyandikishije muri kaminuza y'ubucuruzi, aho, mu bindi, ariko yaje guhatirwa kuva mu kigo cy'uburezi - icyo gihe, yagombaga gushaka amafaranga. Umusore yashoboye kunguka uburambe kuri gari ya moshi, yahinduwe, banki y'igihugu y'ubucuruzi, no ku ntambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose yakoranye na se na murumuna we mu isambu ya nyirakuru. Mu ntambara, yoherejwe kuri capitaine.
![Harry Truman mu bwana Harry Truman mu bwana](/userfiles/126/16589_2.webp)
Nyuma y'urupfu rwa se, Truman yafashe umurima mu ntoki, arabyuka atangiza kuzunguruka ibihingwa n'inka nini nini. Mu gihe ugereranije, Harry yagerageje imbaraga mu bucuruzi - yashoye muri mines-zinc muri Oklahoma, yashoye mu iterambere ry'imirima ya peteroli kandi isuzugura imitungo itimukanwa mu mujyi wa Kansas. Ariko, imishinga yubucuruzi ntiyatsinzwe.
Gutangira umwuga wa politiki
Hamwe na politiki, Truman yahisemo ariko mu busore bwe - yinjiye kubashyigikiye Demokarasi. Kubera inkunga y'iki gice gikomeye mu majyepfo, iyobowe na Tom Pensegatas, kimwe n'abasirikare b'intambara, mu 1922, Harry yatoye umucamanza w'intara ya Jackson. Ahubwo ni ubuyobozi kuruta umwanya w'ubucamanza. Icyerekezo cyingenzi cyakazi gitwikiriye ibikenewe mubukungu: Kubungabunga umuhanda, ubuforomo gucunga urugo, gukuraho imyanda. Umuyobozi w'urukiko yafashe ibibazo by'ingenzi by'abaturage.
![Harry Truman mu busore bwe Harry Truman mu busore bwe](/userfiles/126/16589_3.webp)
Mu rukiko, Truman yayoboye igihe ntarengwa, yigaragaje neza ko ari umuyobozi, kandi mu 1934, na none, afashijwe na Pensegastas, yatorewe na Sena y'Umerika. Kuba ashyigikiye byemeje "inzira nshya" ya Franklin Roosevel, yagiye gukorana n'umutwe we ndetse ashyingiranwa murimwe muri komite. Ibyamamare byageze kumenyekanisha uburiganya kuri gari ya moshi, bitabiriye gutegura amategeko yerekeye gutwara no kugenzura raporo y'ikirere.
![Harry Truman na Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman na Franklin Roosevelt](/userfiles/126/16589_4.webp)
Mu 1940, icyuma bigoye, ariko ndacyatorwa muri Sena. Politiki yahaye ubuyobozi bwa Komite gukora iperereza ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda y'ingabo y'igihugu, hagaragaye ikoreshwa ry'amafaranga ya Leta na ruswa byagaragaye mu gusoza amasezerano ya gisirikare. Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, igihugu cyatuyemo imvugo ya Truman:
Ati: "Niba tubonye ko Ubudage bwatsinze, kandi ubwo w'Uburusiya bwatsinze, tugomba gufasha Ubudage, bityo tukaba tudashaka kubona Hitler mubihe byose byatsinze."Mu 1944, royosevel yashyizeho Umutego wa Visi-perezida aho kuba Henry Walleza, wacitse intege kubera imigezi yigenga kuruta gutenguha ishyaka rya demokarasi. Kuri iyi post, Harry yagenzuye ibikorwa bya gisirikare bya gisirikare byabanyamerika. Harry Truman kubera ko umugani wa Visi Perezida wamaze iminsi 82. Muri Mata 1945, roosevel yarapfuye mu buryo butunguranye, maze nk'uko itegeko nshinga rya Amerika, Truman yafashe umwanya wa perezida.
Nka Perezida
Nubwo hari ibintu byiza byibikorwa, umunyapolitiki ntabwo yakunzwe nabantu, byerekana ubushakashatsi bwabaturage. Mu 1951, abanyamerika 23 gusa ni bo bonyine bemeje inzira ya guverinoma, nyuma yimyaka ibiri nyuma yo kugenda ku mwanya, 31% by'abaturage batangaga isuzuma ryiza mu murimo wa Truman.Ariko, mu ntangiriro za 80, amateka yavuguruwe, kandi perezida wa 33 ya 33 yazamutse ahantu h'umurinzi mu rutonde rw'abategetsi b'Abanyamerika. Yatakaye gusa kuri Franklin Roosevelt na John Kennedy, bahinduka intwari ya rubanda.
Trumanu yabonye umurima ibibazo bitoroshye: Intambara yarangiye, amakimbirane yatangiriye mu gice cy'Uburayi bw'iburasirazuba, umubano w'Abasoviyeti wabigize, kandi mu gihugu cyabo byari bikenewe kugira ngo bakubite.
Politiki yo mu rugo
Ikibaho cya Harry Truman afitanye isano no kunyuranya n'amategeko, yagerageje kureka politiki n'amategeko atandukanya abaturage ku moko. Komite ishinzwe kugenzura abadepite b'Abanyamerika - imiterere yemeje uburinganire bw'abaturage bose.
Ukuri kwibutsa cyane ibibazo byubukungu n'imibereho, gutanga amategeko mashya. Gahunda izwi cyane ya Perezida yakiriye izina "inzira nziza". Mubyukuri, umushinga wari "inzira nshya" roosevelt.
![Harry Truman Harry Truman](/userfiles/126/16589_5.webp)
Kongera ibiciro byo gutunga imibereho, kugenzura ibiciro n'inguzanyo, kubaka imishahara rusange, kubangamira ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima rusange, ubufasha bw'uburezi - muri uyu munyapolitiki yabonye ingingo zo gukura kw'igihugu.
Ariko, ikibabaje, Harry Truman ntiyabonye inkunga muri Kongere. Umushinga w'itegeko ntiwakiriwe, bityo abatora bato batengushye muri politiki. Mu 1952, yanze gutoranyada yari perezidansi. Nyuma yimyaka 15 gusa, abandi bayobozi bazasubira mu bikorwa by'imyumbati.
Politiki y'Ububanyi n'amahanga
Perezida yinjiye mu mateka y'isi nk'intambara y'ubutito. Kurangiza umubano wa kabiri wimibanire ya Amerika na USSR byangiritse mu gusangira uturere twagize uruhare mu Burayi bwibohoye. Truman yarumiwe n'ubwumvikane bwa Yalta Roosevelt na Stalin - yizeraga ko uwabanjirije gutakaza byinshi umuyobozi w'Abasoviyeti.
![Harry Truman na Joseph Stalin Harry Truman na Joseph Stalin](/userfiles/126/16589_6.webp)
Ushaka gutera ubwoba no kubona uburemere muri politiki y'ububanyi n'amahanga, Amerika yatangaje ko hashyirwaho igisasu cya kirimbuzi, maze gushyira ingingo mu ntambara n'Ubuyapani, intwaro zahisemo gusubiramo kuri Hiroshima na Nagasaki. Muri Tandem n'ubwongereza, leta zashyizeho gahunda igabanya ingaruka za Usss mu Burayi. Intambara y'ubuntu rero yatangiye.
Mu 1947, Traman yerekana inyigisho "gukumira" - ingamba nyinshi zigamije kurota ubukomunisiti. Igitekerezo cyo kugaruka ku mfashanyo y'amafaranga gishyigikirwa na Turukiya n'Ubugereki.
![Harry Truman asinya inyandiko ku iremwa rya NATO Harry Truman asinya inyandiko ku iremwa rya NATO](/userfiles/126/16589_7.webp)
Umuyobozi wa Amerika yemeje gahunda ya Marshall, yashakaga kuvuga ingaruka za miliyari z'amadolari mu ntambara y'intambara y'ibihugu by'Uburayi, bityo bitimeza Amerika uruhare runini ku karere kayo. Kandi mu 1949, NATO YAVUKIYE, hazaringa ibirego Abakomunisiti biva mu kwaguka.
Amerika mu mpera za 40 kandi mu ntangiriro za 50s yashyigikiye Ubufaransa mu bikorwa by'ubukoloni muri Vietnam maze agira uruhare mu ntambara yo muri Koreya. Politiki y'ububanyi n'amahanga n'uburango mu mirwano yabaye indi mpamvu ituma condatriokts yatakaje icyizere muri Triman.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Muri biografiya ya politiki yaho hari ahantu nubuzima bwihariye. Mu 1911, umusore Truman, nyuma bivuka kirekire, atamba rundi n'umutima mu mudugudu bagenzi kuva ubwigenge Elizabeth Wallace Ferman. Ariko, umukobwa yanze umufana. Harry yasezeranijwe gusubira kubibazo iyo yinjije amafaranga menshi - niyo mpamvu umuhinzi yakubise ubucuruzi.
![Harry Truman n'umugore we Elizabeth Harry Truman n'umugore we Elizabeth](/userfiles/126/16589_8.webp)
Muri Mata 1919, Truman yashakanye natowe. Uwo mwashakanye yahoraga aguma mu gicucu cy'umwuga wa politiki w'umugabo we, ntate bwitabiriwe ku mibereho ya Washington. Nubwo, nk'uko abashakashatsi bavuga ko Harry yagishije inama Elizabeti muri politiki, cyane cyane niba ari ibyemezo by'ingenzi bya Leta.
Umukobwa umwe wa Mariya Margaret Truman yavukiye gushyingirwa, nyuma yo gushyingirwa - Margaret Truman Daniel. Mu busore bwe, umukobwa yaje ku mwuga w'umuhanzi, ndetse yakoreye Orchestre ya Symphony, ariko, amaze gushyingiranwa umwanditsi w'ibihe bishya bya New York, yashyinguye inzozi.
![Harry Truman n'umukobwa we Margaret Harry Truman n'umukobwa we Margaret](/userfiles/126/16589_9.webp)
Ariko, umugore uzwi cyane aracyahinduka - kumurima wo kwandika. Peru Margaret ni uw'ibitabo 32 muburyo butangwa, buri wese ahinduka umusaya. Umukobwa wa Truman yasohoye kandi ubuzima bw'ababyeyi ndetse no gukusanya amashuri kuva mu bwana bwaraga mu nzu yera. Ibitabo birimo ifoto yubwinshi kuva mububiko bwumuryango wa Truman. Margaret yerekanye se uzwi cyane y'abuzukuru bane, yapfuye mu 2008.
Urupfu
Urupfu rwangamiye Truman mu 1950. Mu mpeshyi, Portorikans ebyiri zagerageje kwinjira mu nzu, ariko ntizabera icyaha - umwe mu Perezida wavutse ubuzima bwishwe, undi yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu.
![Imva Harry Truman Imva Harry Truman](/userfiles/126/16589_10.webp)
Harry Truman yapfuye ku ya 26 Ukuboza 1972 mu mujyi wa Kansas. Umugabo wabayeho mumyaka yateye imbere yakubiswe na pneumonia. Umuyobozi wa 33 wa Amerika aruhutse mu gikari cy'isomero rya Truman.
Kwibuka
- Indege y'Abanyamerika itwara Uss "Truman" (CVN-75)
- Isomero rya Perezida-Inzu Ndangamurage ya Truman
- Ishuri rya siyanse ya Harry Sry S. Truman
- Kaminuza ya Leta. Truman muri Missouri
Ibitabo
- 1972 - "Harry S. Truman", M. Truman
- 1982 - "Bess V. TRUMAN", M. Truman
- 1994 - "Harry S. TRUMAn: Ubuzima", R. Ferrell
- 1998 - "Umugabo wubwigenge", D. Daniells
- 2003 - "Harry S. TRMAN: Ubuzima bwe n'ibihe", B. Burns
- 2008 - "Harry S. TRUMAN", R. Dallek
- 2009 - "Harry Truman", Umwanditsi "de agostini"
- 2016 - "Truman", L. Dubova, Chernyavsky
Film
- 1947 - "Perezida wa 33 Harry Truman"
- 1950 - "igihugu cyanjye ni wowe"
- 1963 - "Abatsinze"
- 1973 - "WOVE INTAMBARA"
- 1980 - "Cafe Atome"
- 1984 - "Intsinzi"
- 1988 - "Na none 18"
- 1994 - "Ikinyejana cyacu Intangiriro"
- 1995 - "Truman"
- 2006 - "Ibendera rya ba sogokuruza"
- 2004 - "Igitekerezo cy'umuguzi"
- 2008 - "Perezida wibuka"