Ubuzima
Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya makumyabiri, Amerika yabaye igihugu cyateye imbere cyane ku isi ahanini kubera Perezida wa 28 wa Woodrow Wilson. Kuvugurura mu ubukungu n'ubucuruzi mahanga, kuzigama mu kutabogama Amerika mu ntambara ya mbere y'Isi, Umuhari w'amahanga no uruhare ku Versailles arahindukira Wilson mu migani ya politiki isi.
Mu kinyejana, George Bush na Bill Clinton, Perezida Wilson atangiye amakimbirane ya gisirikare ku isi no gushyiraho umubano mwiza hagati y'ibihugu. Imbaraga zarangiye igihembo cyamahoro yitiriwe Nobel na stroke.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Perezida wa 28 wa Amerika muri Virginia yavutse, mu munyeshuri wigenga. Mu mitsi ya Thomas Woodto, amaraso ya Irilande na Scottish y'abakurambere bavanze. Sogokuru na nyirakuru ku murongo wa se wimukiye muri Amerika kuva mu ntara ya TIRON, mu majyaruguru ya Irilande.
Sogokuru yumwaka wa perezida niyemeje kugenda kwa quackers no kumurikirwa kw'iburayi - gutura i Ohio, aho yasohoye ikinyamakuru gishinzwe umutekano aho yarwanyije uburetwa. Umuhungu Yozefu ntiyakurikije inzira y'ababyeyi maze aba umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya ya Peresibiteriyeni. Kandi naguze kandi imbata kuruta Data yararakaye, umurwanyi ushishikaye ubucakara. Joseph Wilson yajyanye umugore we ukomoka muri Brimbria Janet Woodrow, abasekuruza be ni ba Scots.
Wilson yakinguye ku rusengero rw'ibitaro, aho abasirikare bakomeretse bafatwaga: Janet na Yozefu bari abashyigikiye inzego. Bidatinze, Wilson aba ipapeli y'ingabo ajya imbere. Ubwa mbere, ubushakashatsi bwahawe igituza gito cyintonganya: kubera dysxia, umuhungu atigeze amenya kugeza imyaka 12. Ariko kwiyitirira stenografi, yatsinze inzitizi igatera kubura. Imyaka ya mbere Wilson yize murugo, yasuye ishuri muri Kanama.
Umusore yagiye mu kirenge cya se yinjira muri kaminuza muri Carolina y'Amajyaruguru, aho abatambyi b'ejo hazaza - abadepite bari biteguye. Muri 1873, Wilson yabaye Paruwasi y'Itorero rya Peresibiteriyeni kandi akomeza gupfa. Muri kaminuza ya kaminuza yarwanye na nyuma y'umwaka wa mbere wo kwiga yaramusize, atura mu nzu y'ababyeyi i Wilmington.
Umwaka umwe, mu 1875, perezida uzaza yabaye umunyeshuri wa Princeton yarangije neza mu 1879. Mu myaka yabanyeshuri, ibiti byinkwi Wilson yashimishijwe namateka na Amateka ya politiki, yateguye umuryango wo kuganira. Nyuma yo kurangiza muri kaminuza ya Princeton, Wilson yemeye uburezi mu by'amategeko muri kaminuza ya Visijiniya, ariko nyuma y'umwaka, mu myaka ya 1880, yavuye muri kaminuza apfira mu rugo.
Gutangira umwuga wa politiki
Nyuma yimyaka 2 yimyitozo yo murugo, ibizamini byukuri bizaza ibizamini bya kaminuza ya kaminuza ya Virgingi kandi yakiriye impamyabumenyi ya avoka. Wilson yabaye umufatanyabikorwa wahoze yigana maze atangira gukora amategeko, ariko nyuma y'umwaka, byaratengushye kandi bivuye mu kabari: Politiki ishimishije Politiki.
Inzira igana ubutegetsi Wilson yatangiye mu mpeshyi yo mu 1883, igihe yabaye umunyeshuri wa kaminuza urangije Jones Hopkins na nyuma yimyaka 3 aba umuganga wa filozofiya. Mu ntangiriro za 1885, igitabo cya mbere cyasohotse aho yasabye ivugurura ry'ububasha bw'ubuyobozi bw'Amerika mu gushimangira Perezida. Kuri uyu murimo, kaminuza yatanze igihembo cya Wilson.
Mu 1886, nyuma yo kuba ikwiye impamyabumenyi ya dogiteri, umuhanga ukiri muto yigishije amateka muri kaminuza ya kaminuza na kaminuza muri Connecticut. Mu 1890, ibiti byo mu biti byatumirori byatumiwe kuri Princeson, aho yigishaga abanyeshuri kumenya ubumenyi bwa politiki. Nyuma yimyaka 2, yanditse akazi ka kabiri - "Amateka y'Abanyamerika" maze aba umuyobozi wa kaminuza, asigaye mu biro kugeza mu 1910.
Mu Gushyingo 1910, umutware mushya w'amahanga ya politiki ya Woodrow Wilson yatangiye - yatorewe na Guverineri wa Jersey. Kuba icyorezo, Wilson yerekanye ubwigenge n'ubushake, bwanga gukurikiza umurongo w'ishyaka. Yakoze amategeko menshi mbonezamubano maze azwi hanze ya Leta.
Perezida wa U.S.A
Umukandida wa Guverineri Woodrow Wilson yashyize imbere ishyaka rya demokarasi. Abanywanyi be bari William Taft na Theodore Roosevel, kuberako amajwi yatoye walson mu 1913 yatsinze isiganwa. Woodrow Wilson yabaye perezida wumunyamerika wenyine ufite impamyabumenyi ya dogiteri kandi yayobowe bwa mbere avuye mu majyepfo.
Mu gihe cya mbere cya perezida, Wilson yahinduye amahame ya sisitemu ya leta yigihugu akora ikigega cya federasiyo. Amafaranga yonyine y'Abanyamerika yabaye "inyandiko ya federasiyo". Nubwo imyitozo yoroheje ya politiki (imyaka 2 iri mu ntebe ya Guverineri), yagize icyo akora, yahinduye gahunda y'amatora. Mu gihe gito gishoboka, Inama y'Abaminisitiri yashinzwe, ishyiraho umunyamabanga wa William McAdu. Minisiteri y'ibiryo iyobowe na Herbert Goover, kandi igisirikare - Henry Stimson.
Perezida mushya wo muri Amerika mu myaka ya mbere y'inama y'Ubutegetsi yashyize mu bikorwa gahunda yatekerejweho yo kuvugurura ubukungu. Mbere ya byose, yagabanutse inzitizi zagaburindi mu bucuruzi bw'amahanga maze utangira kushikiriza umusoro, antitrust na ivugurura rya banki.
Mu 1916, ibiti bya Woodrow byahisemo igihe cya Perezida kunshuro ya kabiri. Usibye ivugurura ry'ubukungu, uburenganzira bwe bwiswe koherezwa muri Amerika gucuruza intambara. Amahoro no kubaka Wilson byerekanwe ku baturage, ntibinenga mu guhangana n'ingenzi bya Charles Hughes, ariko bigira ingaruka ku nshingano za mbere. Ariko Wilson yungutse hejuru ya Hughes yagaragaye ko ari muto, intsinzi ntiyigeze yoroshye.
Mu gihe cya kabiri (kuva 1917 kugeza 1921), Igiti Wilson cyibanze ku zuba ukwezi ku gihe cy'ukwezi ku kwezi nyuma y'amatora y'intambara ya mbere y'isi yose.
Politiki yo mu rugo
Ishami rya Leta Woodrow Wilson na Theodore Roosevelt yumvikanye mubice byinshi. Abaperezida bombi batezimbere akazi k'abakozi. Wilson forbade ahisha abana gukora no kugabanya umunsi wakazi kubantu bakuru kugeza kumasaha 8. Abahinzi bomekaho gutabarwa nyuma yo guhindura imibereho. Ivangura ry'abagore ryarahagaritswe.
Woodrow Wilson numwe mubashinze inyigisho yubuyobozi bwa leta - bureaucracy. Ibisabwa bikenewe bya sisitemu nziza yo gucunga, yatekereje ku kigo gishinzwe kuyobora. Nk'uko WILSON, Politiki n'Ubuyobozi bigomba gutandukana, ubuyobozi bwiza n'abakozi babigize umwuga birakenewe kugira ngo bakusane umuco.
Mu 1919, Perezida wa 28 wohereje kwiyamamariza kwiyamamariza amasezerano y'imiryango. Ingendo no guhangayikishwa n'umutekano byamufashe imbaraga kandi biterwa n'ubuzima busanzwe. Mu Kwakira, ibiti byo mu gikoranyi byari bifite ubwoya, ingaruka zijisho ryibumoso no kumugara kuruhande rwibumoso bwumubiri. Mu gihe cy'amezi atandatu, perezida yisanze mu kagare k'abamugaye, nyuma yagendanaga n'inkoni.
Politiki y'Ububanyi n'amahanga
Wilrow Wilson yitwa perezida wa pacipa wamaze politiki baturanye nabaturanyi beza no kubativa mubindi bihugu. Yasohowe na politiki ya "Big Dubinka" n'uruhare rw'umupolisi mpuzamahanga, watoranije muri Amerika Roosevelt. Perezida wa 28 Perezida 28 yashyizeho abaturanyi beza hamwe na Amerika y'Ikilatini no mu bihugu by'Uburayi byo mu Burayi. Ariko imitima ya Pasika ya Wilson yashonze kubera umubano mwinshi mu 1915 hamwe na Mexico, igihe imipaka mibi yahindukiye ku ntambara y'iminsi ibiri mu cyambu cya Vera Cruz, itwara ubuzima bw'abasirikare n'abasare.
Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1916, umuyobozi w'inyeshyamba za Mexico Pancho Villa hamwe n'itsinda ry'abambuzi bateye igihugu cy'Abanyamerika bashya, bangiza abahinzi. Abanyamerika basubije bakora ibikorwa bya gisirikare, biyobowe na Jenerali John. Mu 1917, ingabo za jenerali zinjiraga i Burayi, zibangamira ibihugu by'ukuri Wilson ku kwishyira ukizana.
Mu ntangiriro ya 1918, ibiti byambaye ubusa byatangaje gahunda y'isi, yashyizweho mu manota 14 yagenewe gukemura amakimbirane ahantu, gutanga ubucuruzi bw'umuntu no gukora umuryango ushinzwe amahoro no gukora umuryango ushinzwe amahoro no gukora umuryango ushinzwe kubungabunga amahoro no gukora umuryango ushinzwe kubungabunga amahoro no gushyiraho umuryango w'amahoro. Ariko kongere yananiwe amasezerano kumuryango wamahanga, no muburayi kuva 14 yashushanyijeho 4 gusa.
Ibibazo by'ubukungu byatangiye nyuma y'intambara, amatongo y'abahinzi, umunezero muri Chicago, kurenga ku mibanire n'abahoze ari inzitizi ya perezida wa perezida wa gatatu. Icyo gihe demokarasi ntiyigeze amushyigikiye.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Urukundo rwa mbere rwa Wilson rwasize inzira muzima bwa perezida wa 28 wa Amerika. Kuzabana Henrietta Woodrow yanze kuba umunyeshuri Tomas Wilson, avuga abavandimwe ba hafi, yafashe izina rye nk'izina rya kabiri, amaherezo ryabaye ryonyine.
Umutima umenetse wakijije urukundo rushya, kuri Ellen Exxon. Bwa mbere, abashakanye b'ejo hazaza bamenyereye igihe Thomas yari afite imyaka 6, kandi Ellen imyaka 2. Umukobwa mwiza ufite impinga kumusaya Woodrow Wilson yibutse mumyaka 20. Umusore yemeye guhuza Data Ellen, Abbot yo mu Itorero rya Peresibiteriyeni, maze bajya muri Atlanta. Buri munsi umugeni yakiriye amabaruwa yumugabo uzaza, agumana ubutumwa buvuga 1400.
Ellen Wilson aba umugore we, na mugenzi wa perezida. Umugore yahaye umugabo we mu bakobwa be, yize Ikidage gukurikiza abandi bavugwa ibitabo n'ubuhanzi, yahinduye disikuru ya Vilson. Igihe inkwi zifite ubwoya, uwo bashakanye yabaye umujyanama w'ibanga kuri Perezida.
Ellen ntiyabaye muri Kanama 1914. Gupfa kubera indwara yaka, yasabye umuganga wumuryango kwita kumugabo we. Umugore wanjye yahaye umugisha uwo ashakanye mubukwe bwa kabiri, asaba ikintu kimwe - gushaka umugore wihebe.
Ku nshuro ya kabiri, ibiti byo mu biti byashyingiwe mu mpera za 1915. Mu bashakanye hamwe na Edith Bolling, nta mwana wariho. Wildow Wilson azwiho gukunda imodoka. Ishyaka ryateje gutera inkunga iyubakwa ryimihanda nyabagendwa.
Urupfu
Mu 1921, perezida wa 28 yavuye mu nzu yera atura hamwe n'umugore we muri Ambasade ya Qabangton. Yari ahangayikishijwe cyane no gushyiraho Umuryango w'ibihugu, yizeraga ko yashutse Abanyamerika akuramo Amerika aho ari mu ntambara ya mbere y'isi yose.
Wilson ntabwo yabaye muri Gashyantare 1924. Namushyinguye i Washington, muri Katedrali.
Amagambo
- "Hari umuntu umwe ku muti wera, byibuze umugore umwe, nubwo umwana atazi ko impamvu zitera intambara mu isi ya none iri mu marushanwa y'inganda no mu bucuruzi?"
- "Niba ushaka kubona abanzi, gerageza guhindura ikintu cyose."
- "Ntiwibagirwe ko" Data "atangirana no gusaba umutsima. Biragoye guhimbaza abanyacyubahiro kandi ukunde igifu kiri hafi. "
- "Ubwisanzure ntibukomoka muri guverinoma. Ubwisanzure buri gihe buturuka ku bayoboke be. Amateka y'Ubwisanzure ninkuru yo kugabanya inzego za leta, ntabwo yiyongereye. "
Ibintu bishimishije
- Woodrow Wilson yari ashishikaye ishyaka ryinshi kandi rikora ingendo zimodoka za buri munsi, nkuko nkaba perezida. Ikinyamakuru cya perezida cyagize ingaruka ku gutera inkunga kubaka umuhanda rusange.
- Igitangaje Wilson yari umufana wa baseball, mu myaka ya umunyeshuri yakinnye ku itsinda ryabanyeshuri, maze mu 1916 abaye perezida wa mbere usaba urwaza shampiyona ya baseball ku isi.
- Perezida Woodrow Wilson ashushanyije imipira ya golf mu mukara mu gihe cy'itumba kugira ngo akomeze gukina mu rubura.
- Woodrow Wilson yise nta muti, ariko Tomasi. Mu bwangavu, yakundanye na mubyara we Ihuriro Henrietta. Yanze kumurongora, ariko yari urukundo ku buryo yafashe izina rye.
- Yize kuri Priceton, aho nyuma yaje kuba umuyobozi (Umuyobozi wenyine nta mutwe w'idini).
- Urugendo rw'abahinzi ntirwigeze rushyigikiye cyane icyo gihe, urebye ko ibirenge by'umugore byari umuryango.
Kwibuka
- Mu 1944, Wilson Henry King yafashwe na filime ya biografiya "Wilson" hamwe na Alexander Knox mu nshingano za Alexander mu nshingano za Alexandre (filime yakiriye OSCArs eshanu).
- Igitangaje Wilson cyerekanwe ku mushinga w'itegeko hamwe na par agaciro ka 100.000 $, kinini mu mateka y'igihugu.
- Mu mujyi wo muri Polonye, Poznań, urwibutso rwo mu bikoresho bya Woodron, yakuriye aho urwo rwego rw'uwo mukozi w'umukozi wa Polonye Marcina Kaspshak.
- Ku ya 5 Ugushyingo 2011, urwibutso rwo kwidagadura muri Prague (Repubulika ya Ceki) yarakinguwe. Ubu ni urwibutso rwa kabiri, kandi uwambere yarasenyutse mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose.