Ubuzima
Stefan Collegu - Umwanditsi wa Austrical, Umwanditsi wigitabo "Amasaha 24 avuye mubuzima bwumugore" n "" ibaruwa y'abanyamahanga ". Nyiri uruganda rwimyenda muri Vienne Moriza, mu Gushyingo 1881 yavutse umuragwa witwa Stefan. Nyina witwa Ida Brettauer yishora mu burezi bw'umwana. Umugore yavuye mu muryango w'ububanda. Igihe cyubwana ntirwize na biografiya Stephen Collega.
Umwanditsi wibitabo n'ibisigo byavuze ko ibyo yibuka bigomba gusangirwa, oya. Imyaka yabana kuri Sitefano yafashwe kimwe no kubandi bana bavukiye mumiryango yuburayi bwiburayi. Ku myaka ya za 19, umusore yakiriye impamyabumenyi y'impera z'imikino ngororamubiri.
Nyuma yibyo, muburyo bwa collega, icyiciro gishya cyaje. Umusore ufite impano yari muri kaminuza ya Vienne. Filozofiya yafashe Sitefano, bityo umwanditsi nyuma yimyaka 4 yo kwiga yakiriye impamyabumenyi.
Muri icyo gihe, kurara musore bitera icyegeranyo cyibisigo, cyitwa "imirya ya feza". Ingaruka ku murimo wa Stefan Collega muri iki gihe cyatanzwe na Hugo background Hoffmanstal n'imvura Maria Rilke. Hamwe n'umusizi Rilke, Stefan yari afite inzandiko za gicuti. Abagabo bahinduye inyandiko zabo bwite baranditse basubiramo.
Kwiga muri kaminuza ya Vienne byegereye imperuka, urugendo runini rwa Stephen Colleje rwatangiye. Mu myaka 13, Umwanditsi w 'Umunyamahanga "yasuye London na Paris, mu Butaliyani na Espanye, USA na Cuba, Ubuhinde, Panama n'Ubusuwisi. Umusizi ukiri muto yahisemo gusenyuka burundu.
Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi muri kaminuza ya Vienne yagiye i Londres na Paris (1905), hanyuma bagenda mu Butaliyani no muri Espanye (1906), basuye Ubuhinde, muri Amerika, Panama, Panama,. Imyaka ya nyuma y'intambara ya mbere yabayeho mu Busuwisi (1917-1918), Intambara imaze gutura hafi ya Salzburg.
Ubuvanganzo
Nyuma yo kwimukira kuri Salzburg Stefan Collega yicaye ku ishyirwaho rya Novella yitwa "ibaruwa y'uwatazi". Uyu murimo washimishije abasomyi n'abanenga icyo gihe. Umwanditsi avuga inkuru itangaje yumuntu utazi numwanditsi. Umukobwa yohereje ibaruwa yabwiye urukundo rutwara byose hamwe nigihe cyateganijwe, intera ihuza inzira zinyuguti nkuru.
Inama ya mbere y'umwanditsi n'umunyamahanga yabaye igihe umukobwa yari afite imyaka 13. Umudozi yabaga ku muryango. Bidatinze, kwimuka kwabaye, kubera uwo mukobwa w'umwangavu yagombaga kubabazwa n'irubone y'ishema, atabonye uwo ukunda. Garindire yamaze igihe yari ategerejwe i Vienne yemerera umuntu utazi kunyura mu isi y'urukundo.
Bukwi na bukwi, umukecuru yiga gutwita, ariko umwana ntazwi kuri iki gikorwa cyingenzi. Indi nama hamwe numukunzi wabaye nyuma yimyaka 11, ariko umwanditsi ntiyigeze amenya wenyine, igitabo yamaze iminsi itatu. Umunyamahanga yahisemo kwandikira umuntu wenyine, aho umudamu yatekereje ubuzima bwe bwose, nyuma y'urupfu rw'umwana. Inkuru ivuye ku mutima, idubu, kubugingo bwumuntu wambaye cyane, bwari bushingiye kuri firime.
Moreda afite ubuhanga budasanzwe, buzwi buhoro buhoro. Ariko impinga y'umwuga yageze i Newly ya "AMOK", "Inyenyeri Yibasiye Inyenyeri", ni ukuvuga mu gihe cyo kuva 1922 kugeza 1941 . Niki mumagambo ninteruro byumwanditsi nkabantu ibihumbi nibihumbi mubihe byabanjirije ibihe byintambara bishimira Tomiki hamwe nibikorwa bya Cweig hamwe nibikorwa bya Cweig?
Ibintu byose, nta bidasanzwe, bizeraga ko ibibanza bidasanzwe bishoboza gutekereza, gutekereza kubibera, ni ubuhe bwoko bwababajijwe bubaye ku bijyanye n'abantu basanzwe. Stefan yizeraga ko umutima w'umuntu udashobora kurindwa, ariko byashoboye gukora ibyago.
Impano za SVELIG zari zitandukanye imirimo yabanyamuryango. Kumyaka myinshi Stefan yakoraga kuri moderi ye bwite. Nk'ishingiro, umwanditsi yafashe urugendo, rurambiranye, noneho atangaje, noneho akaga.
Ibyabaye hamwe nintwari za Celia ntibyabaye mumuhanda, ahubwo mugihe cyo guhagarara. Nk'uko Stephen abivuga, iminsi n'amezi ntibikenewe kumwanya uteye ubwoba, iminota mike cyangwa amasaha make.
Kwandika ibitabo, Tsuig ntabwo yakunze, kuko ntasobanukiwe n'ubwoko kandi sinashoboye guhuza n'ibirori mubyabaye. Ariko mubikorwa byumwanditsi Hariho ibitabo bikorerwa muri ubu buryo. Ubu ni bwo "kutihangana kumutima" no "gusya". Ikintu cya nyuma umwanditsi ntizarangije kubera urupfu. Bwa mbere ikiremwa cyagaragaye mu 1982, cyimurirwa mu kirusiya gusa.
Kuva igihe cyagenwe Stefan Collega yahisemo gutanga ibyaremwe byose bya biografiya ya bo mugihe gito hamwe nintwari zamateka. Muri bo, Joseph Fushe, Maria Stewart, Fernan Magellan, Erasmus Rotters. Izi mirimo zari zishimishije kumenya nabi, kuko Churgia kugirango umugambi wafashe impapuro zemewe, ariko rimwe na rimwe umwanditsi yagombaga gushyiramo ibitekerezo bya fantasy na psychologiya.
Mu kazi nyirizina "intsinzi n'amaso ya Erasimusi Rotterdam" umwanditsi yerekanye ibyiyumvo n'amarangamutima ye hafi ya "i". Umwanditsi yakunze umwanya wa Erasmus kubyerekeye umuturage w'isi. Umuhanga wasobanuwe yahisemo kubaho ubuzima busanzwe. Umugabo yari umunyamahanga kumyanya yo hejuru nizindi nshingano. Rotterdamsky ntabwo yari akunda ubuzima bwisi. Intego nyamukuru y'ubuzima bw'umuhanga yahindutse ubwigenge.
Stefan Tsweig yerekanye Erasimusi nkumuzi yubujiji nabafana. Uhagarariye kuvugurura kuvugurura umwanzi wa reta yo gutwika hagati yabantu. Uburayi bwahindutse ingaruka zuruhande rwamaraso inyuma yinyuma yo kongera umunyamuryango wa interethini na intercase. Ariko afriso yahisemo kwerekana ibyabaye kurundi ruhande.
Igitekerezo cya Sitefano cyitabiriwe nigitekerezo cy'uko Erasimusi yumvise ibyabaye imbere kubera ko bidashoboka gukumira ibibaye. Collegu yashyigikiye Rotterdam yizeraga ko intambara ya mbere y'isi yose ari ukutumva nabi bitazongera ukundi. Sitefano hamwe na Henri Barbus na Romena Rollyn bagerageje kubigeraho, ariko bananiwe gukiza isi kuva mu ntambara. Mu gihe cyo gushyiraho igitabo kivuga kuri Eraconon mu nzu y'umwanditsi, hafatwa nk'abayobozi b'Abadage.
Ibyerekeye igitabo "Maria Stewart", cyanditswe mu 1935, Stefan yavuze nk'ibiranganya. Tloga yize amabaruwa menshi yanditswe na Maria Stewart kumwamikazi wicyongereza. Urwango kure - kugirango ubashe gusobanura isano yabantu babiri bambitswe ikamba.
Igitabo "Amasaha 24 uhereye ku buzima bw'umugore" cyagaragaye mu 1927. Nyuma yimyaka ine, igitabo cyarinze umuyobozi wa Robert. Abakinnyi ba firime ba none bahagaritse igitabo kandi bahitamo amahitamo yabo. Filime nshya yarekuwe kuri ecran mu 2002.
Stefan Celieg yahuye nubuvanganzo bwUburusiya muri siporo. Umwanditsi yakundaga akireba mubikorwa bya kera. Ikintu nyamukuru cyagezweho nuwanditse igitabo cyagati na Romanov ureba ubusobanuro bwibigize ibyanditswe mu kirusiya.
Maxim Gorky yabonaga ko Collega ari umuhanzi-urwego rwa mbere, mu mpano zabo harimo impano yo gutekereza. Umwanditsi w'Uburusiya yavuze ko Stefan ishobora kwimura imikino yose y'ibyabaye ku muntu usanzwe.
Bwa mbere, Tsuig yasuwe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti mu 1928. Uru ruzinduko rwahujwe no kwizihiza imyaka 100 kuva kuvuka kwa Leo twiziritse. Stefan yahuye na Vladimir Lidin na Kontantin Fedin. Bidatinze, igitekerezo cya Cweig kivuga kuri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti zarahindutse. Kutanyurwa byagaragaje umwanditsi Romena Rollan. Umwanditsi wa mbere yagereranije abace ba raster ya raster yimpinduramatwara hamwe nimbwa zuzuye. Nk'uko Sitefano, kujurira abantu bitemewe.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Umugore wa mbere Stephen Collega yabaye Fritrik Maria von WinDitersz. Ubukwe bw'urubyiruko bwabereye mu 1920.
Nyuma yimyaka 18, umubano Friedrik na Sitefano batanze ubutane. Ikimenyetso gishya cyagaragaye muri pasiporo y'umwanditsi ha kashe nshya ku mwangavu w'umufatanyabikorwa Charlotte altman.
Urupfu
Kera mu 1934, Clega ahatirwa kuva muri Otirishiya kubera ukuza kwa Hitler. Inzu nshya ya Stefan yagize ibikoresho i Londres. Nyuma yimyaka 6, JOLDU numugore we bajya i New York. Umwanya muremure uhagarara mu mujyi w'abana, umwanditsi ntiyateguye. Urubyiruko rwagiye kuri Petropolis, ruherereye mu nkengero za Rio de Janeiro.Ubuzima bwo kure mu gihugu no kubura amahoro kwisi yose yinjiye Stephen Collega yo kwiheba. Gutenguha byatumye umwanditsi abiyahura. Hamwe n'umugore we, Umwanditsi w'igitabo yatwaye ibiyobyabwenge byica. Abashakanye basanze bapfuye. Bafashe amaboko.
Nyuma mu nzu, aho urupfu rwa Stephen Tswaig rwateguwe, rutunganije inzu ndangamurage. No muri Otirishiya mu kinyejana cyashize, kashe ya posita yagaragaye mu cyubahiro cy'umwanditsi.
Amagambo
Ntakintu kiteye ubwoba kuruta kwigunga mubantu. Yumva intego nintego yubuzima bwe, gusa iyo bimenyesheje ko ari ngombwa kubandi. Umutima urashobora kwibagirwa byoroshye kandi byihuse, niba ashaka kwibagirwa. Niba twese tumenye byose kuri twese, nta muntu wavugana numuntu. Ninde wigeze kwiyunguka, ntashobora gutakaza ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose kuri uyu mucyo. Kandi ninde wigeze kubyumva umuntu muri bo, asobanukirwa abantu bose.Bibliografiya
- 1901 - "Imirongo ya feza"
- 1911 - "Gutegeka"
- 1912 - "Inzu ku nyanja"
- 1919 - "Bamuskuma eshatu: Dickens, Balzac, Dostoevsky"
- 1922 - "AMOK"
- 1922 - "Ibaruwa y'untu utazi"
- 1926 - "Icyegeranyo kitagaragara"
- 1927 - "Amasaha 24 Kuva Mubuzima bw'umugore"
- 1942 - "Igitabo c'Abahene"