Ubuzima
Igishushanyo cya Anastas MikOYan ifatwa nabi. Bamwe mu bahanga bavuga ko uyu muntu yagize igitundi no kwicwaga biteye ubwoba, abandi bubaha Miknoyan nk'umuyobozi w'inararibonye. Ba uko bishoboka, umwirondoro wa Anastas Mikoyan nka Kremlin amaze igihe kinini, Revolution nahatiwe kandi ubuhamya bwigihe, birumvikana ko bikwiye kwitabwaho.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ubuzima bwa Anastas MikOYan bwatangiye mu mudugudu wa Arumeniya witwa Kananin. Impinduramatwara ejo hazaza yavukiye mu muryango w'ibabu. Kuva mu bwana, umuhungu yerekanye ubushobozi bwo kwiga, bityo amasomo y'ibanze arangiye yoherejwe muri Tiflis, muri Seminari yo mu mwuka. Byeze ko iri ari ryo shuri ryiza muri trancoucasia, usibye, ryaboneka atari imiryango yiboneye gusa.
Birashimishije kubona ko abantu benshi ba mpinduramatwara hamwe n'abaharanira inyungu za politiki bo muri icyo gihe bari mu rukuta rwa Senarhevsky, Nikolai Dobrolubov, na Joseph Stalin.
Mugihe kwiga Anastas Mikoyan yashimishijwe nibitekerezo bya Bolsheviks. Umusore yatsinze ibitabo bya Marxist na 1915 yinjiye mu birori bya Bolshevik. Umwaka umwe, mu 1916, Anastas Mikryoyan yarangije isesemiri maze ahitamo gukomeza kwiga mu ishuri ryo hejuru mu mujyi wa Echmiadzin wo muri Arumeniya.
Impinduramatwara na serivisi y'ishyaka
Kurangiza Academy Anastas MikOYan ntabwo yigeze abatsinda. Ibirori bya politiki mu gihugu hamwe n'umutwe wafashe umusore: Impinduramatwara Gashyantare yaratangiye. Miknoyan yabaye umwe mu bayobozi b'ingengabitekerezo n'abateguye umutwe w'impinduramatwara muri Echmiadzin.
Nyuma y'ibyabaye, Anastas Mikoyan yakomeje gukora imirimo ya poropaganda i Baku na Tiflis ndetse aba umunyamabanga wa komite y'abagize Tiflis. Ubushobozi bwinzego nubuyobozi bwa Redolutiontar ikiri nto yabonye imikoreshereze yabo. Hashize umwanya, MikOYan yayobowe na Bakis Bolshevik Obda.
Mu 1919, Anastas Mikoyan yahamagariye Moscou - abayobozi bakora cyane kandi bafite intego bari bakeneye n'umurwa mukuru. Miknoyan yinjiye muri Moscou i Moscou. Hashize umwanya, Mikoyan yasubiye muri Caucase maze abona gahunda ku mwanya wo kuvugurura kwemereye n'umuyobozi wa sponge. Mu 1920, impinduramatwara yari itegereje gahunda nshya: Stalin ubwe yashimangiye ko umunyamabanga w'ishami ry'ishami rishinzwe amajyepfo mu majyepfo y'Iburasirazuba bwa Komite Nkuru yahinduye Mikoyan.
Umwuga wa politiki Anastas Mikryoya yazamutse vuba. Mu 1922, impinduramatwara yagizwe umunyamabanga wa Komite Nkuru Komite Nkuru muri Rosiv-Don, na nyuma y'iyi myaka ibiri, MikOYan yamaze kuba umunyamabanga w'ishyaka rya Bolshevik bo mu karere ka Calshevik.
Mu 1926, Miknoyan yabaye umukandida kuri Porotepouro y'igihugu. Dukurikije amakuru amwe, Joseph Stalin yashimangiye kuri ibi, yabaye mu bikorwa by'Umuyobozi ufite impano. Muri uwo mwaka, Miknoyan yabaye umusimbura wa Lewimev ku mwanya wa komiser y'abaturage b'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga n'ubutegetsi bw'Abasoviyeti. Mubindi bintu, iyi gahunda yahaye Miknoyan uburenganzira bwo kugurisha umurage w'amateka w'igihugu wabitswe mu ngomurage kugira ngo yuzuze ububiko bwa Leta.
Birashimishije kubona Anastas MikOYan yaje kuba umuyobozi ugenda wiyongera: mu 1936, umunyapolitiki ndetse yaboneye no kumenya uburyo bwateye imbere mu ikora ingamba zo mu ikoranabuhanga mu nganda. Innowansi nyinshi muri kano karere yatijwe na Miknoyan kubera umupaka. Byahoze ibyagezweho ko uruganda rutunganya inyama za Moscou rwatiriwe Miknoyan.
Byongeye kandi, Miknoyan ni ubw'igitekerezo cyo kurwanya ibidukikije mu bice bimwe na bimwe bidashyigikiwe, ahubwo byiyongera ku bushobozi bw'urwego rw'imirima n'inganda. Nta gushidikanya ko inzira nk'iyi yatanze ibisubizo byiza. Ariko, muri icyo gihe, hari amakuru avuga ko habaye amakuru ya Miknoyan, abakozi benshi mu nganda zabo barakandamijwe.
Kuva mu 1938, Mikoyan yabaye umwe mu bagize ububiko bw'Ikirenga muri Bassam (Bashkir Autonomous Repubulika y'Abasoviyeti), maze mu 1941 yerekeza mu mitunganyirize y'ibiribwa no gushyigikira ingabo zitukura.
Ntabwo ugerageza: mu 1942, Anastas Mikoyan yagerageje kurasa kuri kare kare. Nyuma yaje kubona ko umugizi wa nabi afite Saveria Dmitriev, wataye ingabo zitukura.
Mu 1943, ibyo Anastas Mikoyan yagezeho byamenyeshejwe n'igihembo cy'igihugu cya Leta. Kubera ubushobozi bwo gutanga ibikoresho, Gikoyan yahawe izina ry'icyubahiro by'intwari y'intwari, ndetse n'itegeko rya Lenin n'umuhanga "umuhoro".
Nyuma yimyaka mike, mu 1943, Anastas Mikoyan yinjiye ivyavyerekeye Joseph Stalin. Umuyobozi afata icyemezo cyo gukuraho Miknoyan mu myanya ya Minisitiri w'ubucuruzi n'abayobozi bungirije b'Inama y'abaminisitiri. Ibintu byateye imyigaragambyo ya Mikryoyan kurwanya ko ingusiye na Chechens. Impinduramatwara yatinyutse kuvuga kunegura ubushake bwa Stalin ubwayo, birumvikana ko atari nka Yosefu Vissariovich. Anastas MikOYan yari muri opal.
Nyuma y'urupfu rw'umuyobozi, imyanya yombi yasubijwe i Miknoyan, maze mu munyapolitiki wa 1957 wari umaze gufatwa nk'agashinjanyi Nikita Khrushchev. Mu izina rya Nikita, Sergeevich MikOYation Imishyikirano y'Abanyamerika, kandi anavugana na Fidel Castro mu gutura mu bufatanye bw'Uburusiya-Cuba.
Kuva mu 1964 kugeza 1965, Anastas Mikoyan yayobowe na Prestidium y'Inama Nkuru y'Inama y'igihugu, ifata, muri rusange, ibiro by'ingenzi bya Leta. Icyakora, mu 1965, politiki yegurijwe icyemezo, itera icyemezo kumyaka yabereye muri Miknoyan: Anastas Ivanovich yari afite imyaka 70 gusa. Inyandiko ya Mikoyan yabonye Nicholas Podgorny.
Birashimishije kubona ko MikOYan yagumanye umunyamuryango muri komite nSetijiya na Prestidium y'Inama Nkuru. Muri uwo mwaka, Anastas Mikoyan yahawe igihembo cya nyuma, cya gatandatu, gahunda ya Lenin.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Umuryango wa Anastas Mikoyan wari munini. Umugore w'impinduramatwara, Ashchen Tumanyary, yahaye uwo bashakanye n'abahungu batanu. Umukuru, Steptan Miknoyan, yabaye ikizamini cyicyitegererezo. Umuhungu Stenana, Alexandre, yabaye umucuranzi wa rock.
Umuhungu wa kabiri wa Anastas Mikoyan, Vladimir, na we yabaye umuderevu wa gisirikare. Vladimir Anastasovich yapfuye mu gihe cy'intambara hafi ya Stalingrad.
Alexey MikOYan, umuhungu wa gatatu wa Anastas Mikoyan, na we yahisemo iherezo ry'umuderevu wa gisirikare. Umuhungu wa Alexei, Stas, azwi nkumucuranzi ufite impano na producer. Umwuzukuru Aastas Mikoyan yafashe Stas ya Guhanga Imbere ya Namin Yibanze, bityo akiha nyina, turi Harutyunova.
Umuhungu wa gatatu wa Mikoyana, Vano, yakoraga nk'uwashizeho inzego za gisirikare. Vano Mikryoyan yerekanye umwuzukuru wa se Olga.
Junior kuva Abana ba Anastas Mikoyan, Sergo, ntiyigeze yinjira mu bavandimwe mu mwuga wa gisirikare ahitamo inzira y'umuhanga mu by'amateka n'abaturage.
Urupfu
Mu myaka ya nyuma y'ubuzima, Anastas Mikoyan yimukiye mu bibazo rusange. Impinduramatwara yapfuye ku ya 8 Mata 1966. Imva ya Mikoyan iherereye ku irimbi rya Moscou Novodevichy. Ku mva, usibye ifoto gakondo, urashobora kubona tepitap yanditse muri Arumeniya.
Nyuma y'urupfu rw'impinduramatwara, hakuweho inyandiko yakuweho yitwa "Anastas MikOYAn: Kremlin yari amaze igihe." Abahungu ba Mikoyan na Sergo (Sergey) yagize uruhare mu gufata amashusho. Ibyabaye muri firime bimurira abareba muri iki gihe giteye ubwoba mugihe hashyizweho guverinoma nshya hamwe na leta nshya.
Kwibuka
Izina Anastas MikOYan yitiriwe:
- Uruganda rutunganya inyama za Moscou (noneho isosiyete "MikOYan")
- Ikigo cy'ubumwe-CABBACCO na Machorkas
- Inganda za firigo y'inganda
- Ikigo cya Kiev cyikoranabuhanga
- Ikinamico ya Leta yumurafu (Yerevan)
- Umudugudu wa MikOYanovka (Noneho umudugudu wa Oktyabrsky)
- MikOYanabad Gutura muri Tajikistan (ubu ni Cabici)
- Umudugudu wa Mikoyan muri Arumeniya (ubu Ehegadzor)
- Umurima Miknoyan mukarere ka Rostov (ubu talov)
- Umuhanda wa Mikoyana muri Zaporizhia