Ubuzima
Georges Charles, Fanny Kaplan, Mark Chepman, Lee Harvey Oswald - kwinjira mu mateka y'isi, aba bantu bakeneye kwica undi muntu - uzwi cyane. Espagy Khama Ramon Mercider del Rio ntabwo yahimbye igare kandi anyura mu nzira imwe.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ramon yavukiye mu mujyi wa Barcelona wa Espagne, mu muryango wa Catalonike Paou Merkader, nyir'uruganda rwimyenda na gari ya moshi, n'umugore we cuba Karidad del Rio. Ibi birori byabaye ku ya 7 Gashyantare 1913. Nyuma yimyaka itanu, undi mwana yagaragaye mumuryango - umukobwa wa Mariya, nyuma yaje kuba umukinnyi wa filime numugore wumuyobozi Vittorio Domiriki de Sika.
Ariko igihe kirekire, umuryango wabaga mu murwa mukuru w'Ubufaransa, nyuma yo gutandukana na Ramon na Pau mu 1925, Ramon, hamwe na nyina, aho yasubiye i Barcelona, aho yakomeje kwiga. Mu myaka y'abanyeshuri, umusore Mercadener yari umunyamuryango w'agateganyo y'umuryango wa komu wa Barcelona, ugizwe ahanini n'urubyiruko. Nyuma, umusore yahamijwe n'icyaha - igihano cyari igifungo cy'amezi atatu i Valencia.
Hafi ya nyuma yo gusohora Ramon, umukorerabushake wa Ramon yinjiye mu rwego rwa Repubulika agira uruhare mu ntambara y'abenegihugu b'isi muri Espanye (1936-1939). Yari Komiseri wa Brigade makumyabiri ya karindwi ninde warwanye ku rugamba rwa Aragon. Yakomeretse kandi yari mu bitaro.
Serivisi muri NKVD
Nyuma yuko Ramon akigarukira nyuma y'imvune, bakoraga abakozi ba komisari y'abaturage mu bibazo by'imbere muri USSR. Bamaze igihe kinini bareba umusore, babitekerezaho. Ubufasha bwo gushaka Merkader nyina Caridad, ndetse na mbere yuko umuhungu avuka aba umukozi mu Busogisi mu mahanga.
Mu 1937, Ramon Mekder (uzwi kandi ku izina rya Ramon Ivanovich Lopez) yagaragaye mu nyandiko y'imbere ishinzwe umutekano wa Leta na komisiyo.
Kunyura "inzira ya Merkader yatangiye kwitegura inshingano ye ya mbere - kugira ngo akureho intare y'impinduramatwara, kugira ngo ayobore ishyaka rya gikomunisiti ryizeraga, yari umuheferi w'ishyaka rya gikomunisiti yizeraga, yari umuheferi w'ishyaka rya gikomunisiti yizeraga, yari umuheferi w'ishyaka rya gikomunisiti yizeraga, yari umuheferi w'ishyaka rya gikomunisiti yizeraga, yari umuheferi w'ishyaka rya gikomunisitikwaga kandi umwanda ukomeye w'abasoviyeti.
Kwica Trotsky
Lieba Bronstein, uzwi cyane nka Lew Daveovich Trotsky, kuva mumyaka ya mbere yatumye ibikorwa bya impimuriza bikora, kubirenze rimwe gukorerwa. Mu 1917, Trotsky ndetse yakoraga umuyobozi wa Bolsheviks, naho Vladimir Lenin yari yihishe muri Finlande. Nkako, Lew Daveovich yari umuyobozi wa Revolution ya Ukwakira.
Mu 1918, Trotsky yabaye komisiyo ishinzwe ububanyi n'amahanga z'ububanyi n'amahanga, hanyuma itangira guhindukirira cyane - impinga y'iki gikorwa igwa mu ntangiriro z'intambara y'abenegihugu. Kubera ubuhanga bwakoreshejwe na Lvm Daveovich, yitoteza abanzi be imbere ya Gregory Zinolaniev, intare Kamenev na Joseph Stalin.
Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Lenin, iherezo ry'urugamba rutagirane no kuza ku mwanya w'umukuru wa Leta ya Leta, Trotsky agomba kuva muri uSSS. Niba atari kurekurwa mu 1936 Ibitabo bya "Impinduramatwara yizerwa", ubwo byose byaba bike, ariko igitabo cyasohotse, kandi igitabo cyasohotse, kandi igitabo cyatanditswe, kandi igitabo cyatangijwe, kandi igitabo cyataweho cyahawe itegeko ryo gukuraho Trotsky.
Ubuyobozi bwa mbere bwakozwe n'itsinda riyobowe n'Umuhanzi José Sicairos, ntibyatsinzwe rero byo gutegura Merkader.
Curator wa Ramon yakoraga EITAL NAUM EITION ubwe. Amaze gukoranye neza, Merciari ku izina ry'umucuruzi w'umunyakanada Frank Jackson yagiye muri Amerika. I New York, ku izina rishya, Jacques Monrard Ramon asohoka kuri Siliviya aletoshoff - gereranya na Trotsky.
Mu Kwakira 1939, Jacques ngo yimukiye muri Mexico ku kazi, aho muri iki gihe cya Tronsky ari muri iki gihe. Bidatinze, inkera ihamagarira Siliviya, avuga ko ibura umukobwa. Ndashimira abavumbuye muri Werurwe 1940, Monkader Montrar aracyakomeza guhura na Trotsky. Ramona iracunga kwemeza intare Dayogovich mubwirije igitekerezo cya Trotsksiya, ndetse no kwitegura amafaranga kugirango afashe gahunda.
Ku ya 20 Kanama, muri uwo mwaka, Merkaster aje muri Villa Trotsky kugira ngo ahagire icyo asoma ingingo ye no kumva igitekerezo cya Leo Danovich. Nk'uko gahunda ivuga ko Ramon yakuze muri NKVD igomba kuvura Trotsky ihishe munsi ya icecock (ibintu byose byateguwe ko bicecetse - bidakoreshejwe imbunda), hanyuma ubitobore kandi ujye kuri disikuru yegereye imashini ya Villa Kwihisha muri Mexico hamwe na nyina na Eitigon.
Ariko ibintu byose byagenze neza mugihe Trotsky atatakaje ubwenge nyuma yo gukubita inyuma yumutwe, ariko cyangwangurana ibitekerezo. Metkder yarumiwe, yari azi na nyuma yigihe gito afatwa arinze mucyumba. Ramona yarakubiswe ahamagara abapolisi. Naum Eitigon yamenye ko hari ibitagenda neza, kandi nyina wa Merkadr yatwaye. Muri iryo joro bavaga mu gihugu. Trotsky yapfuye bukeye.
Merkadr yaciriwe urubanza. Mu rukiko, Ramon yagerageje kuzana amazi meza, ariko avuga ko ari i Jacques nanquiri - umukinnyi wigunze wafashe icyemezo cyo kwihorera, kwica Trotsky. Ntiyaretse ukuri no kwica urubozo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, urukiko rwo muri Mexico rwakatiye umusore imyaka 20, kandi Merkadr yimuriwe mu kigo cya gereza. Izina nyaryo Ramon Mexique yamenye nyuma yimyaka 6 gusa.
Merkder yakoreye muri gereza igihe cyose. Ku ya 6 Gicurasi 1960, yararekuwe. Abakozi b'Abasoviyeti babonye Ramon ba mbere kuri Cuba, hanyuma muri USSR.
Ku ya 31 Gicurasi, uwo mwaka yakiriye izina ry'intwari y'Abasoviyeti, ndetse n'itegeko rya Lenin na "Inyenyeri ya" Inyenyeri ya "inyenyeri ya zahabu" yari amutegereje kuva ku ya 6 Kamena 1941 (hanyuma Stalin yasinyanye icyifuzo cya Gutinda muri Beriya gutanga abitabiriye ibikorwa byakozwe neza kugirango bakureho Trotsky). Byongeye kandi, Ramon yakiriye inzu y'ibyumba ine i Moscou ku byiringiro bya Leningrad (hafi y'umuhanda wa Lelokolamsk na Volokolamsk) n'akazu muri PGT. Kratto.
Ku mugaragaro, Ramon yagaragaye bwa mbere n'umukozi w'ikigo cya Marxism-Leninism, hanyuma umukozi wa Leta y'Uburusiya mu Burusiya bw'amateka ya socio-politiki. Hariho igitekerezo kivuga ko iki gipfukisho, kandi mubyukuri Mercider yabaye umukozi wa KGB.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ramon Mercider yashakanye kabiri. Umugore wa mbere - Elena Imbebe, - ntabwo yamutegereje muri gereza - yapfiriye i Moscou mu 1942.
Umugore wa kabiri wa Ramon yabaye izina ry'Ubuhinde yitwa Raquel (Rasheli) Mendoza, wakoraga nk'umuforomori muri gereza, aho Mercider yari yicaye. Umukobwa amushinyagurira nyuma yiyicarubozo ritaha kandi umubano watontomye hagati yabo. Igihe Ramon yarekurwa, amujyana muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti. Muri usssr, raquel yabaye umuvugizi mu gitabo cya Espagne cya Radio Moscou.
Urupfu
Hagati muri ikinyejana gishize, Merkaster ku butumire ku giti cye bwa Fidel Castro yimukiye muri Cuba kugira ngo asohoze inshingano z'umujyanama wa minisiteri y'ububanyi n'amahanga.
Ku ya 18 Ukwakira 1978 muri Havana Ramon yapfuye avuye i Sarcoma. Ubwiza bwe, umukungugu utwarwa i Moscou ugashyingurwa ku irimbi rya Kugenvsky riyobowe na Ramon Ivanovich Lopez. Urwibutso rufite ifoto ya Merkadr yashyizwe mu mva.
Kwibuka
Imyenda ikurikira yakuweho ishingiye ku buzima bwa Ramon:
- 1972 - "Kwica Trotsky" Joseph Loie hamwe na Alain Delon, Richard Burton na Romi Schneider.
- 1993 - "Trotsky" Leonid Maoryagin hamwe na Viktor Sergachev na VYYLALLAV RazzheGayev.
- 2002 - Frida Julie Taymore hamwe na Solma Hayek, Alfred Molina na Jeffrey Raster.
- 2009 - Troatky Jacob Carnney hamwe na Lenan balaban, hamwe na Jeide na Taylor Baruchel.
- 2011 - "Imirwano: Umugore uri munsi yinyuma ya" mubyukuri "arlaususiscas na Sapatero na Antonio na Antonio na Antonio.
- 2016 - "Antonio Chavarrias hamwe na Alfonso Erreroro, Khanna Murray n'umusenyi wa Julian.
- 2017 - "Trotsky" Alexander Kotta na Kontantin Statsky hamwe na Konstantin Khabensky, Evgeny Skykanyov na Sergey Garmash.