Ubuzima
Hariho icyiciro cyabantu bavuga ko kugirango bagere ku bisubizo byiza, ibihe byihariye / ubuhanga / ibikoresho / ibikoresho / ibikoresho / ibikoresho bya Archimedee, biteye ubwoba guhindura igihugu imbere yingingo ikwiye). Ariko hariho ikindi cyiciro cyabantu, nubwo ikintu cyose kiri muri fluff numukungugu, ukwemera ingero zabo za mbere. Ubuzima bwa leta imwe ya Venezuwela na Politiki kurugero rwiza.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umuvugizi uzaza yavutse kandi umuyobozi wa Venezuwela Hugo Rafael Chavez Frias muri Sabareta - umudugudu muto uherereye mu bakozi ba Barina. Ibi birori byabaye ku ya 28 Nyakanga 1954. Umuhungu abaye uwa kabiri mubana barindwi ba Hugo de Los Reyes Chávez numugore we Elene Friaz de Chavez.
Guhobera kwabana mu mudugudu wa Los Rastrohos, hamwe na mukuru we, yavuye mu masomo y'imbere. Ababyeyi bohereje abahungu nyirakuru muri Sabaret, kugira ngo babane na we, Hugo na Atan bize ku Madamu witwa Mariel O'liiri.
Chavez, yibuka mu bwana, yakunze kuvuga ko ari mu bakene be, ahubwo yishimye. Hanyuma arota kuba umukinnyi wa baseball yabigize umwuga iyo akuze (igice, iyi nzozi zabaye impamo mumyaka yabanyeshuri). Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi iva kuri Lyceum, Hugo yinjiye mu ishuri rya gisirikare. Mu nyigisho zibangikanye, umusore yakinnye baseball na softball - yamuteye kwitabira shampiyona yigihugu ukurikije iyi siporo.
Nanone, kuba umunyeshuri w'ishuri rya gisirikare, Chavez yashishikajwe n'ubuzima n'amagambo y'intwari y'igihugu - Jenerali Simon Bolivar. Nyuma, yinjiye mu ntoki igitabo "Diary Che Guevara", na Fhogo bafata umuriro mu bitekerezo by'Abanyamerika b'ikilatini. Muri icyo gihe, Chavez yitaye ku bukene bw'umutwe wa Venezuwela maze ahitamo gukosora akarengane rusange mu gihe kizaza.
Mu 1974, ubuyobozi bwa Academy yohereje abanyeshuri baryo kwishimira impfu z'intambara ya Ayakucho, byagenze mu bwigenge bwa Peru. Ibirori byakozwe numuyobozi wa leta Juan velasco alVarado. Imvugo ya Perezida ku bijyanye no gukenera imisoro ku nyungu z'icyiciro cyakazi kubera ruswa y'ishuri rigenga gahunda ku shuri ry'abategetsi ryatanze ibitekerezo bikomeye kuri moho chavez w'imyaka makumyabiri.
Ikindi kintu cyingenzi cyabaye kuri Chavez mugihe cyiga muri Academy cyari kizirana n'Umwana w'umuyobozi w'ikirenga w'umuyobozi w'umuryango w'ikirenga w'umuyobozi w'ingabo z'igihugu Panama, Orryhos, n'uruzinduko kuri Panama. Velasco na Torrichos babaye imyidagaduro ya Hugo - ku ngero zabo, ibitekerezo no kwimura abayobozi ba gisirikare bashingiye ku ngero zabo. Mu 1975, Hugo yarangije hamwe n'icyubahiro cya kaminuza ya gisirikare ajya mu gisirikare.
Politiki
Mu gihe cya serivisi mu gice cyo kurwanya Tinan, cyabereye muri Barinas, nyuma yigitero cyakurikiyeho, umusore yabonye ubwitange bwibidukikije (harimo n'imirimo ya Karl Marx na Vladimir Lenin). Ibitabo byinshi bya Keen barayitaye kandi bizingirira nabo mugihe cye. Gusoma guhatirwa Chávez kumuzi mubitekerezo bye byibumoso.
Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, muri leta ya Ansateur, iyimuga ya Hugo yarwaniye hamwe nitsinda "icyiciro cyibendera ritukura". Nyuma yo gushyikirana n'imfungwa, itsinda rya Ugo ryatangiye kumva ko atari imbaraga z'abaturage gusa, ahubwo no hejuru yubuyobozi bwa gisirikare. Bitabaye ibyo, uburyo bwo gusobanura ko amafaranga ava mu kugurisha amavuta atajya ku mfashanyo y'abakene bo mu gihugu.
Ibyahishuwe nk'ibi biganisha ku kuba mu 1982, Chavez yahanze "ishyaka ry'impinduramatwara ya Bolivariya - 200" (nyuma ya "Relivariya ya Bolivariya, 200". Igitekerezo cyambere cyumuryango cyashyizwe mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe mu mateka ya gisirikare muri Leta hagamijwe gukora sisitemu nshya y'ibikorwa byo kurwana.
Nyuma, umuhanga mu bya politiki Barry Cannon yavuze ko umutwe wa "umpinduramatwara utudomo ka Bolivarian - 200" wahindukaga igitekerezo gishya, cyari cyashizwemo ibyiza byose mu buryo bwiza. Mu 1981, Hugo yakira umutwe wa kapiteni no mu gihembwe cyigisha mu wahoze ari kaminuza ye, asangira ibitekerezo byabo no gushaka.
Nyuma yibyo, Chavez yoherejwe nubuyobozi mu mujyi wa Elors. Hugo ifite amakenga ko ari isano, kubera ko abayobozi ba gisirikare batangiye guhangayikishwa n'ibikorwa bye. Chavez ntabwo yari arumiwe - ahubwo, yatangiye kumenyera imiryango ya Yaruro na Kuiba - Ibihugu byo mu gihugu, icyo gihe cyari gihari muri leta ya Venezuwela.
Ikirere na Yaruro na Kuiba, Chavez yamenye ko ari ngombwa guhagarika igitugu cy'abasangwabutaka b'igihugu kandi bakavugurura amategeko yerekeye kurengera uburenganzira bw'abasangwabutaka (nyuma bizashyirwa mu bikorwa). Mu 1986, Hugo Chavez yakiriye izina rya Majoro.
Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, inyandiko ya perezida yafashe Carlos Andres Perez. Yashoboye gutsinda isiganwa mu gihe cy'amatora ashimira amasezerano yatangajwe mu gikorwa cy'amatora. By'umwihariko, amasezerano yo guhagarika gukurikira politiki y'amafaranga y'Ikigega mpuzamahanga cy'imari (IMF).
Mubyukuri, Peres yatangije ubundi buryo bubi - icyitegererezo cya neoliberal nunguka cyane kuri leta zunze ubumwe na IMF. Abaturage Venezuwela ntibari bameze. Abantu baza mu myigaragambyo, ariko bakoresheje itegeko rya Perezida, imyigaragambyo yose yahagaritswe bunyamaswa abifashijwemo n'abasirikare. Iki gihe cya Chavez yari aryamye mu bitaro, ku buryo amakuru ageze aho ari, akeneye ko guhirika ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare.
Nk'uko byatangajwe na Hugo n'itsinda rye, gahunda yakurikije ibikoresho by'ingenzi bya gisirikare n'ibitangazamakuru by'ingenzi, bikuraho Perez, bikuraho perez, bisimbuza akandida wagaragaye - Rafael Caldari (umwe mu bahoze ari abaperezida b'igihugu). Ibintu byose byari byiteguye kubi.
Ariko, ariko, hashobora kugerageza guhirika leta, byakozwe mu 1992, ntabwo byambitswe ikamba. Kubera umubare muto wabashyigikiye, ubuhemu bwinshi, amakuru adasanzwe hamwe nibindi bintu bitunguranye, gahunda ya Chavez yananiwe. Ku ya 5 Gashyantare, Fhogo yigenga yishyikirije abayobozi kandi avuga kuri televiziyo ku bashyigikiye gutanga, avuga ko kugeza ubu yatakaye.
Iki gikorwa cyasuzumwe mu buryo burambuye ibitangazamakuru ku isi yose (ingingo zijyanye n'ifoto ya Hugo yari mu bitabo byose bikomeye by'isi) maze bizana imfungwa zamamaye muri gereza ya gisirikare ya San Carlos Chavez. Nanone, ibyo byabaye ntabwo byari bypass na carlos andres peresa - kubayobozi no gusenga ingengo y'imari ya Leta mu ntego z'umuntu ku giti cye no mu 1993, Perezida yahamijwe kandi akurwa ku mirimo. Caldera yaje kumusimbura.
Rafael Caldera yakuye Hugo n'abamushyigikiye, akuraho ibirego byose, ahubwo yakuyeho gukora mu ntera y'ingabo z'igihugu. Chavez yahise ajya guteza imbere ibitekerezo bye mu baturage bagenzi be, ndetse no gushaka inkunga mu mahanga (noneho kumenyana na Fidel Castro).
Mu ruzinduko rwa Uruguay, Chili, Kolombiya, Cuba na Arijantine Chavez bigiye ku bafatanyabikorwa ko ibikorwa bya Perezida wa Caldera atari bitandukanye cyane n'ibikorwa bya Peldera. Gukeka ikintu kibi, Hugo yasubiye mu gihugu cye.
Chavez yumvise ko bishoboka ko bishoboka gusa ku buryo bw'urugomo, kubera ko oligarchs itazamureka ngo atsinde Caldera mu matora yiteze imbere. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, Hugo yahisemo kugerageza gukora nta ntambara yitwaje intwaro, hashingiwe mu 1997 "kugenda kuri Repubulika ya gatanu" (nyuma byabaye ishyaka rihuriweho rya Venezuwela) - mu ishyaka ryibumoso ryakozwe.
Mu moko ya perezida wa 1998, Hugo Chavez yashoboye kurenga Rafal Caldera, Irene Saas na Enrizu Raehers, binjiye mu mwanya wa Perezida Venezuwela mu 1999.
Manda ya mbere ya Perezida ya Chavez yamaze kugeza mu 2001 kandi irangwa no gusana imihanda n'ibitaro, gutanga ubufasha bw'imibereho, no gukingirwa amategeko yerekeye kurengera abaturage kavukire, ndetse no gutangiza ihererekanyabubasha rya buri cyumweru " Mwaramutse, Perezida "aho umuntu yashoboraga kuganira na Chavez ikibazo gikanda cyangwa usabe ubufasha.
Ijambo rya mbere rya perezida ryakurikiranye icya kabiri, icya gatatu ndetse gito na kane. Oligarserchy ntishobora guhirika Petk Petch, perezida wa Hugo Chávez, nubwo yakuwe mu 2002 na referendumu mu 2004.
Manda ya Kane ya CHUVEZ yatangiye muri Mutarama 2013 irangira muri Werurwe uwo mwaka kubera urupfu rwa Hugo. Mubyukuri, uruhare rwumukuru wigihugu rwakozwe na Nicholas Maduro, wabaye perezida wa Venezuwela. Hugo Chavez apfuye afite imyaka 58.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Kabiri yarubatse. Umugore wa mbere yabaye ubusa bwa mirongo, aho Rosa ya Rosaz ari bo (1978) na Maria Gabriela (1980) n'Umuhungu wa Hugo Rafayeli (1983). Nyuma yo kuvuka kwa mwene Hugo yatandukanijwe na Calmenial, akomeza kwita ku bana be.
Kuva mu 1984 kugeza 1993, yari agizwe mu mibanire yatanzwe na Erma Marxman - mugenzi we. Mu 1997, yongeye gushyingiranwa no ku nshuro ya kane yabaye Papa - Umugore wa kabiri Mariyabel Rodriguez yibarutse Rosine. Mu 2004, abashakanye baratandukanye.
Urupfu
Muri 2011, Chavez yize icyarwaye kanseri. Hanyuma, kubutumire bwihariye, Fidel Castro yageze muri Cuba kugirango akore inzira yibikorwa. Humo yakuyeho ikibyimba kibi, atangira kumva amerewe neza. Ariko, mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2012, ububabare bwongeye kwitera.
Ku ya 5 Werurwe 2013, Hugo Chavez yarapfuye. Kuva kera, ibisobanuro birambuye ntibitangaje, ariko nyuma bitangaza ko icyateye urupfu ari ikibazo gikomeye cy'umutima. Hariho ibihuha, chavez yashyizwe ahagaragara n'Abanyamerika cyangwa uwahoze ari umufatanyabikorwa, wabaye Dededicator, Francisco arias Cardenas.
Mu ikubitiro, Hugo Chávez yashakaga kwera, ariko kubera impamvu runaka ntabwo yabikoze. Ahubwo, umurambo wa Chavez wo mu ishuri rya gisirikare, aho yigishaga, ajyanwa mu nzu ndangamurage ya Revolution, aho umuhango wo gusezera hamwe na Perezida n'umuhango wo gushyingura. Abakuru b'imfuruka baturutse mu bihugu bitandukanye bazanye disikuru, harimo na Amerika (nubwo habaye inama yo gukora inteko rusange y'umuryango w'abibumbye, Chavez, bitabaye ibyo abatuye White House).