Ubuzima
Uwahimbye Josef Haidna ntabwo yita ku mpanuka se wa Symphony. Ni mu burya bw'umuremyi w'Umuryango w'uko iyi nzererezi yujuje ibyatsindwa kandi ibaye ishingiro rya Fewponnism kuva Ludwig Van Beethovenakuze.
Mubindi bintu, Haydn niwe wambere wakoze ingero zuzuye nubundi bwoko bwimbere bwigihe cya Classicism - Umugozi wa kimwe cya kane na Sonsata. Yabanje kwandika Orsoar Orsolaio mu kidage. Nyuma, ibyo bihimbano byahagaze kumurongo umwe hamwe nibyagezweho muri Baroque - abavuga ko ari bo mucyongereza ba George Friedrich Handel na Mahanna Sebastian Baha.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Franz Josef Haydn yavutse ku ya 31 Werurwe 1732 mu mudugudu wa Otirishiya ya Roru, umupaka wa Hongiriya. Se w'uwahimbye ntabwo yari afite inyigisho zumuziki, ariko mumyaka nyakubahwa yigenga yigenga yigenga umukino ku nanga. Nyina wa Franz ntabwo yitaye kumuziki. Kuva mu kikiri cy'abana, ababyeyi bavumbuye amakuru y'ijwi rikomeye ku Mwana n'iburanisha ryemewe. Bumaze imyaka itanu, Josef yateje se, amenyesheje umukino kuri violon, nyuma yaho byageze kuri korari yitorero kugirango akore misa.
Kuva mu bizima bw'uhagarariye ishuri rya Vienne, birazwi ko se wavuzwe kure, akimara kuba umuvandimwe ushimishije mu mujyi uturanye na Jonnn Matyas Frank - Uwiteka Umuyobozi w'ishuri. Mu kigo cye, umugabo yigishije abana ikibonezamvugo n'imibare y'ikibonezamvugo gusa, ahubwo cyanabihaye amasomo yo kuririmba no gucuranga inanga. Ngaho, Gaiidn yamenye neza umugozi nibikoresho byumuyaga, mugihe agumana ubuzima bwe bwose ashimira umujyanama.
Umwete, kwihangana no kumva amajwi karemano byafashaga Josef kumenyekana mu mpande zabo kavukire. Igihe kimwe i Rorua haje Vienna Umuhigo wa Von Reuters kugirango akureho abaririmbyi bato kuri cappella. Franz yamugoje kandi gereza yafashe Yosefu Yozefu w'imyaka 8 muri korari ya katedrali nini ya vienna. Ngaho, Haydn kumyaka ibiri yagaburiye ubuhanga bwo kuririmba, amahirwe yo kubahiriza ndetse nindirimbo zumwuka.
Igihe kitoroshye kubahimbye cyatangiye mu 1749, igihe yagombaga gukorana namasomo, kuririmba mu makorari yitorero no gukina ensems zitandukanye mubikoresho byumugozi. Nubwo bigoye, umusore ntiyigeze aryama kandi ntiyatakaje guterwa kubyumva gushya.
Amafaranga yinjije amafaranga ya Franz yakoresheje ku masomo y'abahimbyi Nikolo Porpora, kandi igihe Yozefu atagize amahirwe yo kwishyura, umusore mu masomo aherekejwe n'abanyeshuri bato b'umujyanama. Haidn, nk'ibitabo bititaye ku bihimbano kandi byasezerewe kandi bisebanya nijoro, byimbitse nijoro, bihimba umuziki w'ubwoko butandukanye.
Mu 1751, muri imwe mu makina minini ya Suburban, Opera Hayna yitwa "Chrome dev", mu 1755 Umuremyi yari afite nimero ya mbere, n'imyaka ine - simphony ya mbere - simphony ya mbere - simphony ya mbere - simphony ya mbere. Iyi njyana mugihe kizaza yabaye umuhimbyi wingenzi mubikorwa byose.
Umuziki
1761 yabaye impinduka mu buzima bw'uwahimbye: 1 Gicurasi, yagiranye amasezerano n'umutware Estergazi no mu myaka mirongo itatu agumaho igitonyanga cy'urukiko muri uyu muryango wa Aristoc wa mu muryango w'agateganyo.
Umuryango wa Estergazy wabaga i Vienne mu gihe cy'itumba gusa, kandi inzu yabo yariyo yari mu mujyi muto wa Aisenstadt, bityo ntibyatangaje ko hydna yagombaga guhindura abasirikare mu murwa mukuru.
Mu masezerano yashojwe hagati ya Franz n'igishushanyo cya Estergazi, byavuzwe ko uwahimbye yasabwaga guhimba ikiganza cyakenera umukoro we. Ibihe byambere bya Haidna byandikiwe ibigize bito ugereranije nabacuranzi bari bamuteye. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri yumurimo utagira ingano, uwahimbye yemerewe gushyira mubikoresho bishya bya orchestre mubushishozi bwabo.
Ubwoko bwibanze bwumuremyi wumuremyi wumurimo wumuziki "Impeshyi" yamye akomeza kuba Symphony. Mugihe cya 60-70, umwe umwe amaze guhitana ibihimbano: No 49 (1768) - "Ibyifuzo", No 44, "icyunamo", na No 45.
Bagaragaje igisubizo cyamarangamutima kumiterere mishya kuri Nastcent mubitabo byubudage, izina "umuyaga na Kavusk". Birakwiye ko tumenya ko muri iki gihe, simati yabana yagaragaye mugice cya Rurema.
Nyuma y'icyubahiro cya Yosefu yarenze Otirishiya ya Otirishiya, akurikije gahunda ya societe ya Paris, uwahimbye yanditse ku mategeko atandatu, kandi nyuma y'amategeko yakiriwe ku murwa mukuru wa Espagne, imirimo ye yatangiye gutangazwa mu Naples na London .
Muri icyo gihe, ubuzima bw'ururimi bwari bumurikirwa n'ubucuti na Wolfgang Amadeu Mozart. Twabibutsa ko imyifatire y'abahanzi itigeze yirimbana no guhangana cyangwa ishyari. Mozart yavuze ko kuva kuri Yozefu bwabaye ku nshuro ya mbere yize gukora imigozi, bityo yeguriwe imirimo ibiri imirimo ibiri. Franz ubwe yatekereje ko Wolfgang Amadeu abahiruye-abo mu gihe.
Nyuma yimyaka 50, uburyo busanzwe bwubuzima Hydena yahindutse cyane. Rurema yakiriye umudendezo, nubwo yakomeje kutondekwa abaranzi b'igikomangoma Ertergazi Urukiko rw'urukiko. Ishapeli ubwe yashonga abakomoka kubwoko buhebuje, kandi uwahimbye yagiye i Vienne.
Mu 1791, Franz yatumiwe mu ruzinduko mu Bwongereza. Amasezerano yatangaje ko hashyirwaho simfoni itandatu no kwicwa kwabo i Londres, ndetse no kwandika opera na makumyabiri mu bikorwa makumyabiri mu mugereka. Birazwi ko noneho Hydna yahawe orchestre aho abahanzi 40 bakoraga. Umwaka nigice, ukorera i Londres, ibyuma kuri Yosefu ni intsinzi, kandi ingendo z'icyongereza ntizigeze zigenda neza. Mu gihe cy'urugendo, uwahimbye yakoraga imirimo 280 ndetse ndetse no kuba umuganga w'umuziki wa kaminuza ya Oxford.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Yabonye ibyakunzwe na Vienne byafashije umucuranzi ukiri muto kubona akazi muri Cornezin. Byari kubera ko amashanga ye yanditse simpyfoni eshanu za mbere. Birazwi ko kumyaka ibiri yakazi muri Morzin, uwahimbye yashoboye gukosora umwanya wimari gusa, ahubwo yihambira mubukwe.
Muri icyo gihe, Yosefu afite ibyiyumvo byoroheje ku mukobwa muto w'urukiko, kandi agenda ajya mu kigo gitunguranye. Hanyuma Gaiidn haba mu kwihorera, haba mu bindi bitekerezo byashakanye na mushiki we Mariya Keller, wari ukuruka imyaka 4.
Umuryango wabo wo mu muryango ntiwishimye. Umugore w'Umuhimbyi yari afite ubwoba kandi arasesagura. Mubindi bintu, umudamu ntiwigeze ashima impano yumugabo we kandi akenshi yakoresheje inyandiko yandikishijwe intoki yuwahoze ari impapuro yo guteka. Ku buryo butunguranye mubuzima bwumuryango muburyo kubura urukundo, abana ndetse no guhumuriza murugo bimaze imyaka 40.
Kubera kwanga kumenya ko ari umugabo wita ku bandi kandi ko udashobora kwigaragaza nka se wuje urukundo ubuzima bune bwamamaje, Uwahimbye Ubuzima bwite, Uwahimbye Symphony. Muri icyo gihe, Gaiidn yanditse imirimo amagana muri iyi njyana, kandi 50 operative w'umuhanga ufite impano watanzwe mu gikomangoma Entergazy Theatre.
Muri ikipe y'Ubutaliyani yiyi theatre, uwahimbye yabonye urukundo rwe rwatinze. Umukiri muto muri Neapolitan Luigzha Policelli yashimishije Haydna. Mu rukundo, Josef yageze ku masezerano ye, kandi ndetse n'umwihariko ku muntu mwiza, amashyaka y'ijwi yoroheje, yumva ubushobozi bwayo.
Nibyo, umubano na Luigi ntabwo wazanye Umuremyi wibyishimo. Uyu mukobwa yari yirataga kandi korestibiv, niko nyuma y'urupfu rw'umugore we, Gaiidn yabigizemo uruhare mu kurongora. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko amaherezo yubuzima muri verisiyo yanyuma yubushake, uwahimbye yagabanije icecelli yabitswe muri kabiri.
Urupfu
Mu myaka icumi ishize, mu gihe cy'ibirori, Handsal muri Wastmirg Cathedrale Haidn yerekanye ko ashishikajwe n'umuziki wa korali. Uwahimbye yashyizeho akajagari esheshatu, kimwe na oratory ("kurema isi" n "" ibihe ").
Gaiidn yapfuye ku ya 31 Gicurasi 1809 i Vienne, yigaruriwe n'ingabo za Napoleonic. Umurage w'Ubufaransa ubwe, amaze kumenya iby'urupfu rw'uwo bazwi Otirishiya, aha itegeko ku muryango w'inzu ye y'icyubahiro. Gushyingura byabaye ku ya 1 Kamena.
Ukuri gushimishije nuko mugihe cyo mu 1820, igikomangoma cya Estergazy cyategetse kongera i Haynna ibisigazwa bya Haynstal, maze isanduku irakingurwa, rikaba riragenda ritangwa no kwiga Uwiteka (yashimuswe kwiga Ibiranga imiterere no kurinda kurimbuka). Igihanga cyongeye guhura n'ibisigazwa gusa mu kinyejana cyakurikiyeho, 5 Kamena 1954.
Discography
- "Symphon"
- Oxford Symphony
- "Icyunamo Cyiza"
- "Ibyaremwe by'isi"
- "Ibihe"
- "Amagambo arindwi y'Umukiza kumusaraba"
- "Garuka muri Tovia"
- "Umufarumasiye"
- "ACYC na Galatiya"
- "Ikirwa kidatuwe"
- "Armida"
- "Abarobyi"
- "Kwibeshya"