Ubuzima
Umwanditsi w'Ubwongereza Anthony Burugess azwi ku basomyi b'isi yose nk'umwanditsi w'igitabo "Isaha ya Orange". Iherezo ry'umwanditsi, wakoze igitabo cya Ecranction kuri Ultrinali, byari bigoye cyane: umugore we utwite yasambanyije bine, kandi umwanditsi ubwe yabayeho afite imyaka mirongo itatu.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
John Anthony Burgess Wilson yavutse ku ya 25 Gashyantare 1917 atari mu muryango wa Manchester wa Manchester. Se w'umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza yakoraga nk'umucungamari, naho muri wikendi yicara inyuma ya piyano mu kabari kaho, bityo byibuze ikiro cyo kuzuza ingengo yimari yumuryango. Umwanditsi w'umwanditsi w'igitabo "Igihe cya gatatu" yari ashishikajwe n'umuziki no kutagira ibibazo byo mu rugo, igihe cyahaye amasomo y'amajwi.
Nibyo, Burgess ntabwo yumvaga ijwi ryo kurera kubabyeyi. Umugore yapfuye gitunguranye igihe icyorezo cy'ibicurane cyakuriga mu mujyi. Anthony muri kiriya gihe yari afite imyaka hafi ibiri.
Bidatinze, umutware w'umuryango yinjiye mubukwe hamwe na nyir'akabari, aho yakundaga gukora. Nyuma yo kurangiza umucungamari umwuga udakingiwe, umugabo yatangiye kubona amafaranga yo kugurisha itabi nitabi.
Mu gihe mama akora umugore w'umucuruzi we, se yarasigwaga, uko ashoboye, agaburira umuryango, uburere n'uburezi bya bergess ntabwo byabikoze. Ntabwo bizwi uko iherezo rya Anthony ryaba ryarateje iyo ritayitayeho nyirasenge.
Igihe umusore yari afite imyaka 20, umutware wumuryango yarapfuye kandi umwanditsi asigara wenyine afite isi nini, yanga. Mu kiganiro n'abahagarariye itangazamakuru, umwanditsi yavuze ko mu bwana nta nshuti afite, kandi umubano wa gicuti na bagenzi bacu batoroshye.
Kw'ishure, umusore yafatwaga nkumubabaro. Igitekerezo nk'icyo kijyanye n'iminsi ya mbere, ubwo yasangaga abanyeshuri bigana benshi bari bigoye gusoma, kandi Anthony yari azi neza impamyabumenyi n'imibare.
Mugihe abo mwigana birengagije gukundwa kwabarimu, abateranye bakomanze mu gatsiko akenshi batsinze bergess bakurikiranwa no kugaragara. Kugirango urangaze ibitekerezo bibabaza kandi ntugave mu mutwe wo kwiheba, Anthony Nyuma y'amasomo yumvise umuziki. Birazwi ko injyana ya mbere yakwegereye umwanditsi yari intangiriro y'igihangano cy'Ubufaransa Claude Claude, umuntu witiriwe "nyuma ya saa sita asigaye."
Ariko, umuziki wahoraga ukomeza kwishimisha. Nkigice cyibikorwa byumwuga, Burusss yahisemo kwigisha. Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi muri kaminuza yaho, Anthony yagumye kuri mwarimu kandi mu myaka mike yigishaga abanyeshuri Icyongereza n'Ibuva.
Igihe gishya mubuzima bwa bergess cyaranzwe nintambara ya kabiri yisi yose. Muri serivisi mu gisirikare, Anthony yerekanye nk'umusirikare wirengagijwe cyane. Yahoraga ahabwa gucyahwa no guhumeka.
Umusore yataye umutwe watanzwe na komanda, noneho hamwe n'umwenda ugobosha ijambo umuntu umuntu yaje kumuzamuka akiri urubura rwe rwambaye ubusa. Gutodora byabaye amakosa akomeye. Muri wikendi, umusore yagiye gusura umukunzi we, Luela Jones, yibagirwa kuva mu gihe cyagenwe. Mu mfatwa yo gutotezwa, ibikorwa by'ishakisha byatangijwe, ariko bidatinze umusore ubwe abonekera mu gisirikare.
Ubuvanganzo
Igikorwa cyonyine cya bergess, cyashyizwe kuri lisiti ya zahabu yubuvanganzo bwamahanga, cyahindutse iki gitabo "isaha yamasaha orange". Uyu murimo ni antiopia ya sashiya ivuga ku gatsiko k'ingimbi ufite ubugome buzaba kandi ishyari ririyamoya.
Igihe umutwe we ubwe yavuze, igitabo cyasunikaga ububabare. Gukora ku kazi, umwanditsi yashakaga gukuraho ibintu bidashimishije bifitanye isano no gufata ku ngufu umugore we.
Birashimishije kubona amezi abiri mbere yo kurema "amasaha ya orange", burgiss yasuye leningrad, aho yahuye nuburyo. Umwanditsi yahimbye ati: "Umwanditsi yahimbye" indabyo "- Ururimi rw'Impimbano w'Impimbano rw'Abangavu b'Abongereza, ishingiro ryayo rigoretse ku bijyanye n'ikirusiya n'amagambo yanditswe na Latini (Shoti -" inshuti ", Korova - Inka ).
Ariko, ingorane zungenzi kubasomyi ntabwo ari ugusobanukirwa na gato amagambo nimvugo, ariko igitekerezo cyigitabo. Umwanditsi yizeraga ko guhora ari byiza ko umuntu bidasanzwe kumuntu, ndetse no guhora mubi.
Ku ikubitiro, "isaha ya Orange" yari igizwe n'ibice 21 - mu bihe bya nyuma, imico nyamukuru ivuguruye imibereho ye kandi yinjira mu nzira yo gukosorwa. Nibyo, umwe mu bamamaji y'Abanyamerika nyuma kurangiza cyane cyane, kandi yatemye igice cya nyuma kuva ku nyandiko yandikishijwe intoki.
Birakwiye ko tumenya ko muburyo bumwe bwanditseho "amasaha ya orange" akaba na stanley kubrick. Filime, gufata umwanzuro ishingiye kuri uyu murimo, yabonye urumuri mu 1962, kandi uruhare nyamukuru rwabonye umukinnyi Malcolm McDauell.
Kandi mu myaka ya za 1962 ku biro byaje igitabo "imbuto ya Wavenied". Mu byaremwe ibi, Burgess yagaragaje Fantasy mu ubwenge bose, asobanura kizaza aho abaturage umubumbe kongera cyane ko abantu n'inzara, kubyara bifatwa icyaha, kandi ubugumba no kuryamana bifatwa ihame.
Muri 70 na 80, Anthony yasohoye ibitabo 30, harimo nakazi ka "Isi", abanegura bazwiga ikinyamakuru cyiza cya bergess. Muri yo, inkuru ikorwa mu izina ry'umwanditsi w'imyaka mirongo inani asimbuye umwanditsi w'abahuje igitsina, Kennet Tumi.
Byemezwa ko prototype yimico nyamukuru yari Moem. Igitabo kirimo kandi gisekeje ku bijyanye n'ubuvanganzo bwinshi bukomeye ku isi.
Mu 1988, "icyuma, ibyuma, byangiritse" byasohotse, bishingiye ku migani ya ECKALIBUR. Akazi ni Umuryango ushimishije Umuryango wa Sagu, uvuga ubuzima bwibisekuru byinshi bya Welsh - Umuryango w'Abarusiya ".
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu 1942, Anthony yashakanye na Luelela Isherwood Jones. Bidatinze nyuma yo gusoza ishyingiranwa na Luela, ikintu kibi cyabaye: Umukobwa utwite yafashwe ku ngufu kandi akubita itsinda ryabanyamerika bato b'abanyamerika batora abanyamerika batora abanyamerika batora abanyamerika batora abanyamerika batora abanyamerika batora abanyamerika batora abanyamerika batora abanyamerika batora abanyamerika batora abanyamerika batora abanyamerika batora abanyamerika batora abanyamerika.
Ikigaragara ni uko ibisimba byashakaga kwambura uwahohotewe utagira kirengera (nubwo umugore yari afite impeta y'ubukwe ako kanya), ariko akwiranye nuko badasize ahantu hamwe kumubiri.
Stipy Luela yabuze umwana agwa mu ngabo zikomeye, ntabwo yasohotse kugeza iminsi irangiye. Nanone, nyuma yo gufata ku ngufu, umukobwa yatangiye kubabaza amaraso kenshi, kubera ko yagiranye na anemia.
Umugore wa Bergess yafatiye ku binyobwa bikomeye, bitunga cyane. Kugerageza muff umusozi hamwe n'inzoga nicyo gihenze ku rupfu rwa Luela: mu 1968, uwo mwashakanye yapfuye azize umwijima cirrhose.
Mu kimwe mu 1968, Burjess yashakanye n'inshuro ya kabiri. Icyo gihe, umugore w'umwanditsi yabaye umwamikazi w'Ubutaliyani witwa Lianna. Umugore ufite imyumvire yari iyo umugabo we gake yari murugo.
Mu gihe umukobwa ukiri muto yazamutse mu nzu, Anthony yagize uruhare mu kiganiro, yanditse ingingo mu binyamakuru byo mu Bwongereza. Mu 1970-1971, Burjess yatangiye kwigisha muri kaminuza ya Princeton. Mu 1972, umwanditsi yerekeje mu gice cy'ubuvanganzo bwa Gatri Theatre i Minneapolis, na nyuma yimyaka itatu abaye umwarimu muri kaminuza ya New York i Buffalo.
Urupfu
Ndetse na mbere y'urupfu rwa Luela, ibibazo bijyanye n'ubuzima rusange kandi bemera. Muri imwe, ntabwo ari umunsi wa Anthony watakaje ubwenge mugihe cy'inyigisho. Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi ntibyatengushye: bergess yasanze neoplasm muri ubwonko. Abaganga bizeraga ko Anthony yakomeje kubaho ntarenze umwaka.
Uyu mwanzuro wasunitse umwanditsi kugeza intangiriro y'ibikorwa by'ubuvanganzo. Yashakaga koresha cyane iminsi ye yahawe kandi atangira kwandika afite umuvuduko utangaje. Amahame yavuye munsi yikaramu mukibazo cyiminsi.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, byaje kugaragara ko abaganga baribeshye, na Anthony bapfuye mu myaka 33 (22 Ugushyingo 1993) abaganga bamaze kumutemesha kwisuzumisha byica. Kandi urupfu ntibyaje kubera ikibyimba mu bwonko, ariko kubera kanseri y'ibihaha. Muri kiriya gihe, yashoboye kwandika ibitabo mirongo itanu, ingingo amagana, igitabo cy'abanyeshuri ndetse ninyigisho nyinshi za James James Joyce na William Shakespeare na William Shakespeare na William Shakespeare.
Abantu bake barabizi, ariko umwanditsi uzwi yakundaga umuziki. Nk'uko ba biografiya, Burgess yasize imirimo 175, muri bo harimo ballet, simphony ndetse na opera.
Bibliografiya
- 1949 - "Icyerekezo cy'intambara"
- 1956 - "Igihe cy'ingwe"
- 1958 - "Umwanzi mu buriri"
- 1960 - "Uburenganzira bwo gusubiza"
- 1960 - "Dr. Bolen"
- 1961 - "Adlaudation imwe"
- 1962 - "Amasaha ya Orange"
- 1962 - "URUBYIRUKO"
- 1963 - "Bwana Ederby uva imbere"
- 1963 - "Ubuki kuri Bear"
- 1976 - "Inzira ndende zo Kunywa Icyayi"
- 1979 - "Umuntu w'i Nazareti"
- 1988 - "Icyuma, Icyuma Rusty"