Ubuzima
Impano ye yashimye Charlie Chaplin ubwe, witwaga ifoto "Ivan Grozny" "ibyagezweho cyane mu bwoko bwa Filime z'amateka." Hollywood hagati ya 1920 yatumiye Ubuhanga bukiri bato bwo gukorera muri Amerika, kandi "Umuyobozi w'amahanga yose" yamuhaye amafaranga abiri ya Stalinist. Ariko kubera isura nziza, umuntu utameze cyane yari yihishe, kuko abo bazimya umudendezo wo guhanga no kurerekana umudendezo wasimbuwe na black yambutse kwiheba no gutotezwa.
Umunyeshuri ufite impano ya Vsevolod Meyer Mount, ntabwo yari ahagaze ku mukongoma we, uhagaze igihe cyo kuzana ubuzima n'ibikorwa, nk'uko kimwe cya kabiri cy'abasamwe .
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Igihe kizaza Classic wa Cinema yavutse muri Mutarama 1898 i Riga, hanyuma Ingoma y'Uburusiya. Sergey yakuze mu muryango ukize, aho ababyeyi babiri bakundaga bakoze icyifuzo gito cyumwana muto, bisa na marayika ufite umusatsi wigitambara numunyamaso yubururu. Rock cyangwa injangwe, nkuko umuhungu yahamagaye, aruhukira mu mpeshyi mu nyanja, abasigaye bagiye muri sirusi, abasigaye bajya muri sirusi, abasigaye bagiye muri sirusi, isigaye kandi ikinamico.
Mu nzu ya eisensteins, hari abashyitsi bazwi, abayobozi n'abacuruzi bo mu mijyi. Ibiruhuko byizihizwaga. Umwaka mushya - Igiti cya Noheri mu mitako igana kugeza ku gisenge, ku mavuko ya Rorika - ubusitani mu kumurika, ibitaramo byo mu rugo n'impano imisozi. Niba kandi atari uguhatingana ababyeyi, ubwana bwumuhungu bwashoboraga kugirira ishyari buri pungano.
Se w'uwatsinze ejo hazaza Premiums - Mikhail aisonts - Mikhail aison (nyuma Eisenstein) - yabaye mu muryango w'abacuruzi b'Abayahudi, watuye i Kiev. Mikhail Osipovich yize kurubatsi maze atura mu bwishure, amaze kugera ku ntera y'umujyanama wa Stade akanakira akanya. Muri Riga kandi uyumunsi hari amazu menshi yateguwe.
Ariko ishingiro ryimibereho yumuryango ni inkwano ryababyeyi. Sogokuru Sergey eisenstein kuri Mama - Ivan COPKSY - yari ifite siporo "Nevsky Barge". Nashyinguye umucuruzi n'icyubahiro - muri Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Umukobwa wa Julia yabonye inkwange zikize. Mu nzu ya eisenstene yabitse umugaragu.
Isi ya kirisiti yo mu mibereho myiza yumuryango yaguye kuri smithereens. Umuhungu yasezeraga mu rugo rw'umuhungu we mu rukiko atongana n'urukiko rw'imyaka 4 yagiye atonganya n'ubuhemu bw'umugore we - yashyinguye mu bwana bwe - yashyinguye mu bwana bwe. Nyuma y'imyaka 11, nyuma yo gusabira abana be. Mama yagiye i St. Petersburg, umuhungu we agumana na se i Riga.
Yasutsemo na nyina kuri nyina, Julia yasinziriye ku njangwe afite impano, atiriwe amubona. Eisenstein Jr. yakiriye uburyo bwiza: Yari afite indimi eshatu z'amahanga, yakinnye piyano, irangi, gufotora, gufotora, kubikwa mu ndogobe.
Mu kugwa kwa 1914, Sergei Eisenstein yarangije ishuri i Riga maze umwaka utaha aba umunyeshuri wa kaminuza y'ubwubatsi i St. Petersburg, wari warangije se.
Umwana yashyikirije umubyeyi, ariko ubwubatsi ntibukurura umusore: mu kwibuka, Mosayike yaka yafashwe n'amashusho y'ibitekerezo bya Circus na Sinomatografi mu bwana. Kandi - amakadiri ya firime yamayeri igaragara i Paris, yafashwe na Umuyobozi w'Ubufaransa George Mel, uwahimbye ingaruka zidasanzwe n'umupayiniya w'ibitekerezo bya filime.
Film
Oktyabrskaya revolution na Sergey eisenstein, bitandukanye na se, yemeraga yahumetswe. Yinjije urwego rw'abakorerabushake b'ingabo zitukura. Muri iki gihe, ubuzima bwe bwo guhanga bwatangiye. Eisenstein yarimo gutegura ibitaramo bigendanwa, amakarito yashushanyije na karicatures kuri enteste, yishimiye gusenya imibereho ya Bourgeois.
Mu 1920, umuyobozi wa firime ejo hazaza yo kwigira ku ishuri ry'abakozi. Sergey Eisenstein yafashe ubushakashatsi ku bushakashatsi, ariko ikintu cy'ingenzi - yaje i Moscou, aho ubuzima bw'umuco butekaga, aho bigize ibikorwa bishya.
Bidatinze, Eisenstein yamaze igihe kinini arota: Nashyizemo imikorere muri theatre yinzara kandi yiga mumasomo yikigo ya Vsevolod Meyer.
Filime ya mbere y'abayobozi ukiri muto yasohotse mu 1924: Sergey Eisenstein yategetse igishushanyo cy'ibitero byose-Uburusiya mu 1905. Cinematograprope uburyo bwahimbye bwo "kwishyiriraho ibintu bikurura" kandi yakuyeho imvugo y'intare ku giteranyo cy'igihumbi 7 .
Ukuboza, kugenzura byemejwe kaseti, no mu Gushyingo, Trotsky yaguye mu buryo budahungabana. Umuyobozi yari ategereje guhindura film ako kanya, ariko ntiyihutira. Kubwibyo, Eisana, nkizina rye yari inshuti na bagenzi be, yirukanye ikiperi. Isomo riva muri Soviet Power Sergei Eisenstein ntabwo yafashije: Yakomeje gusohora Filime zigamije kugenzura.
1925, nubwo intimba zumwuga no kugiti cye, yabaye intsinzi kuri eisenstein. Umuyobozi yakuyeho firime nyamukuru ye - igishushanyo "cyo gushushanya" urugamba ". Inkuru ya Bunte ku bwato ishingiye ku bintu bifatika, Sergey Mikhaiavich gusa yakomeje ibintu.
Ishusho yahindutse imbaraga zikomeye kuburyo bidakemutse kugirango yerekane muburengerazuba. Mu Bufaransa, "Armatepospors ya Potkin" yabonye mu 1953, no mu Buyapani mu 1959.
Nyuma yo kurekura ishuri rya firime, Sergei Eisenstein yabyutse azwi. Umwaka utaha, Ubuhanga bw'Abasoviyeti bwatumiwe muri Hollywood. Joseph Stalin, asuka umutima, reka akene mu rugendo rurerure. Mbere yo kugenda, afata ifoto "Ukwakira", ariko ntiyatsinze.
Mu nzira igana Amerika, EISESNStein yasuye Uburayi. Yavuze ku ndimi eshatu, yavuze kuri radiyo, asoma ibiganiro muri Cambridge na Sontonne, yahuye na Berta Shaw, Greta Garbo na Fromari Shalyapapin.
Muri Amerika, film nziza yubunini bwa "Potekin" yageragejwe kuva mu Burusiya bukuze bwa cinema, ariko kubikoresho byabanyamerika. Eisenstein yashinzwe kurasa kw'ibyago by'Abanyamerika ku gitabo cyanditswe na Theodore y'imiyoborere, ariko nyuma y'ukwezi k'umuyobozi, iyo minsi mikuru yari itegereje: Ikamba "irateranagaho, ishinja politiki ya muntu.
Abakinnyi ba firime "umutuku" bishyuye inzira imuhira, maze Sergey Eisenstein yagiye muri Leta zubumwe z'Abasoviyeti binyuze muri Hawaii, Ubuyapani n'Ubushinwa. Muri Mexico, mu masezerano umwanditsi w'abasosiyalisiti, Eppon Sinclair yafashe kurasa ifoto "Live Mexico!", Ariko hagati y'akazi, Stalin yohereje telegaramu yo gusubira ako kanya. Charlie Chaplin, amaze kubona igice cya mbere cya kaseti yise "umuyaga hejuru yumujyi wa Mexico", witwaga firime ya "Filime nziza yisi".
Amazu Sergey eisenstein yategereje ko yakiriye neza no gusuzugura umuyobozi. Stalin yitaye ku buryo Eisen adashobora "kunyerera mu bakora firime nyamukuru ya USSR." Kuva mu iyicwa ryarangije kwinginga kwa Andrei zhdanov na VYRARELAV MOLOTOV. Yihangana mu gufata amashusho, yigishije muri VGIK, kwigisha abanyeshuri ibitekerezo byabanyeshuri no gukora ibikorwa byubuyobozi.
Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1935, Sergei Eisenstein yasubiye mu mwuga afata inkuru y'amateka ya Pavlik Morozov, ahamagara ifoto "Bezhin Mead". Imicungire nyamukuru ya Cinematography, nta kubitsa nta firime yafashwe amajwi, yinjiye mu nyandiko, ariko umuyobozi ntiyigeze abafata. Icyifuzo cyo kugabanya ibyabaye hamwe no gutsindwa kw'itorero, Seisenstein yirengagije kandi ayigira ikintu cy'ingenzi.
Akazi kuri firime yahagaritse indwara - Umuyobozi yarwaye ibice byirabura. Mugihe yakize, ibice byabonaga abayobozi bashinzwe ubuyobozi kandi bagategeka kuvuga neza lebbon. Eisenstein yanze. Imyaka ibiri yo gusiganwa no gutsinda kunegura no guhangana n'abayobozi ntabwo bari impfabusa: esegey eisenstein yari hafi kwiyahura.
Shebuja yasubiye ku kazi mu myaka ya za 1938, nyuma yimyaka 3. Urugero rwiyi backbuster yari mumaboko ye - Ishusho yamateka "Alexander Nevsky". Filime yingengo yimari ya eisenstein yatumye bishoboka kurasa bivuye ku mpuhwe. Ariko Eisen ariga cyane yatunguwe, akuraho igihangano ugereranije na "Poteku".
Nakunze ifoto kuri Stalin, kandi umuyobozi w'igihugu yashyikirijwe Lenin, hanyuma igihembo cya Staliniste. Mu ntangiriro za 1941, shebuja yafashe igihangano cya nyuma "Ivan Grozny" kaseti. Yahawe kugirango ayikureho.
Kubera intambara yatangiraga, kurasa byari bigiye kuri Alma-ata, bakoraga nijoro - amashanyarazi ntiyari ahagije. Grozny yakinnye Nikolai Cherkasov, abanza gukina Nevsky. Umuyobozi yamennye lebon mo ibice 3. Uwa mbere yasohotse mu 1944 kandi nka Jemarisissimuus - Sergey Eisenstein yahawe igihembo cya kabiri cya Staliniste.
Joseph Vissariovich yemeye ishusho yishusho yumwami, akorana na Okrichnina: mwihishe intwari nyamukuru, Stalin yibonye wenyine. Ariko igice cya 2 cyateje uburakari bw'umuyobozi: Muri cyo, Ivan Grozny yahindutse umunyagitugu n'Umwijima, ku iherezo ry'ubuzima bw'umutimanama wababazwe. Sergey Eisenstein yateganyaga ibyago, ariko ntabwo nashyize inkuru hamwe ninkuru zinkuru.
Mu 1946, umuyobozi yagize umutima wa mbere. Amakuru y'urupfu rw'umubyeyi n'igituba amaherezo yatesheje agaciro ubuzima, ariko eisenstein yafashe amarasa igice cya gatatu cya kaseti.
Muri Gashyantare 1947, amahano yarasebye: Stalin yarebye igice cya 2 cya Ivan biteye ubwoba maze ategeka kuvuga urukurikirane. Sergey Eisenstein yemeye, ariko mubyukuri ntabwo igiye gukora itegeko. Gukomera hamwe no guhindura, yagumanye iryo shusho abakomokaho. Ntiyigeze abasha kuva mu gice cya gatatu.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Umutangabuhamya wa Cargey Umuhamya wa Sergey Eisenstein yabaye mu bwana, yagize uruhare mu mibanire ye n'abagore. Ku mugaragaro, Eisenstein yashakanye n'imyaka 36 kuri Vintagent Pereacheva Perivaniste (Pearl Fojelman). Bahuye mugihe bakora kuri "battleship" Potemkin ". Umugore yarose kujya umugabo wumugabo we, ariko aba inshuti, Umuforomo na mugenzi wabo.
Gusubira mu mahanga nyuma y'urugendo rw'uwo mushinga w'imyaka 5, Sergei Eisenstein yatandukanijwe n'uwo bashakanye. Mu 1930, aho hantu hafashwe n'umufasha wa Elena Teleshev. Yiswe "Umugore wa Grenader." Ariko rero, isano ni Platonike. Ikimenyetso cyerekana insugi ye matre iboneka mu nyigisho za Sigmund Fthud. Kwanga ibisonze bya karnal eisenstein byasobanuye ko bikenewe kugabanywa.
Abwira umunyamakuru w'umunyamakuru w'umunyamakuru American Tertston ati: "Nta musamizi - Ndi cyoroshye estete ya La Oscar Wilde."Muri archive ya Sergey Eisenstein, amagana ashushanyijeho abaryamana bahuje ibitsina bya matraine, ariko nta makuru ayemeza Umuyobozi wumuyobozi hamwe nabagabo. Mbere gato y'urupfu rwa EIESnstein yongeye gushyingiranwa na Atasheva, nyuma y'urupfu rwa Matra, umupfakazi n'umurage w'abagwari n'umurage.
Urupfu
Eisenstein yapfuye azize gutera umutima wa Gashyantare 1948. Yapfuye afite imyaka ingana ko se afite imyaka 50. Umuyobozi yashyinguwe ku gice cya 4 cy'i irimbi rya Novodevichy mu murwa mukuru.Filmography
- 1924 - "Cakeke"
- 1925 - "Armadiole ya Potekin"
- 1927 - "Ukwakira"
- 1929 - Asturm La Sarras
- 1929 - "Umusaza n'Ushya"
- 1930 - "Urukundo rwamarangamutima"
- 1931 - "Harakabaho muri Mexico!"
- 1933 - "Inkubi y'umuyaga hejuru y'umujyi wa Mexico"
- 1935-1937 - "Bezhin Mead"
- 1938 - "Alexander Nevsky"
- 1940 - "Igihe izuba"
- 1941 - "Symphony yo muri Mexico"
- 1941 - "Isi Yubusa"
- 1944-1946 - "Ivan Grozny"