Ubuzima
Umugore wavutse kugirango akurwe umunezero kandi akunde, akire abana, wige mwiza. Umugore ufite uruhare rufite ibibazo nkibi namakuba yari kumena abantu bakomeye. Ubuvanganzo bwubuvanganzo rero bwanga uburenganzira bwa Lew Copellev yerekeye Evgenia Ginzburg yagaragaye. Ubuzima bwumwanditsi numunyamakuru nubundi buhamya bwo gukandamizwa nabi.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Evgenia SonOOOVNna Ginzburg yavutse mu Kuboza 1904 i Moscou. Mu myaka itanu, umuryango wimukiye i Kazan, aho mushiki we Evgenia - Natalia yavutse. Ababyeyi Ever Abramovich na Rebeka Martovna mbere yuko impinduramatwara itunganye farumasi. Umuryango wa Ginzburg wari uzi neza kandi wubahwa muri Kazan. Muri icyo gihe, se na nyina bifuzaga kohereza umukobwa mukuru mu rwego rwo kwiga mu mahanga - muri kaminuza ya Geneve, ariko imigambi yatunguye impinduramatwara yo mu 1917.
Evgenia yahawe uburezi muri kaminuza ya Kazan no mu burasirazuba bw'i burasirazuba, aho yize filologiya n'amateka. Nyuma y'Ikigo kirangiye, yarwanije inyigisho ye, atwara itangazamakuru - yakoraga nk'umuyobozi w'umuco mu biro by'ubuyobozi bw'ikinyamakuru "Tatar atukura", kandi yigisha kandi amateka y'ishyaka. Ginzburg yari afite kandi igifaransa n'Ubudage, mu gihe icuba i Kazan, Tatarsky.
Ku myaka 28, nkuko umwarimu wa siyansi ya leta agomba kwinjira murwego rwishyaka rya gikomunisiti. Nyuma yaho yaje kwandika, nibabitegekera, byamuha ubuzima. Mushiki wa Nataliya yahisemo inzira ya siyansi - yabaye umusomyi w'ikigo, yakoraga mu kigo cy'ubukungu n'inzego za Leningrad, kandi yanditse ibisigo.
Kurema
Ku bijyanye no kuvuga ku mirimo y'ubuvanganzo ivuga ikingurana ibitekerezo bya Stalin, mbere ya byose hamagara abanditsi - Varlam Shalamov, Alexander Solzhenitsyn. Ariko abibukanye na Evgenia Ginzburg "Umuhanda ukonje" - Ibimenyetso bimwe byamahano nubutwari bwabantu bwicyo gihe. Muri iki gikorwa, byagaragaye na byose byagaragaye kandi bibonerwa nuyu mugore imyaka icumi yinkambi n'umunani.
Igitabo cyo kwihoguro ntabwo nibuka neza uwahohotewe, ahubwo, inyandiko zindorerezi. Gushishikazwa na Ginburg gushishikarira muri ayo mashyaka ku buzima byafunguwe muri gereza byafashaga kurangaza imibabaro yabo. Imiterere ya hahuman ibaho yakuyeho ibitobora kandi ihatira kureba neza umubano wabantu. Icyo cyari nkenewe kugira inkoni y'imbere, kugira ngo tutavunika impuhwe zawe, ahubwo tukibuka ibisigo kandi nk'uko yandikaga mu gice cy '"imodoka ya karindwi", kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu gice "kugira ngo ikore ihumure hagati y'abashumba bagenda kuri stage n'abagore.
Igice cya mbere cya "Hakozwe inzira ihanamye" cyanditswe mu 1967, muri icyo gihe, muri icyo gihe cyakwirakwizwa cyane muri Leta y'Abasoviyeti Samizdat. Iya kabiri yabonye urumuri muri 1975-1977. Ku nshuro ya mbere, ariko udafite umwanditsi w'umwanditsi, igitabo cyasohotse mu Butaliyani. Abayobozi ba USSR batinyutse gutangaza ku mugaragaro "inzira ihanamye" mu 1988.
Dukurikije amakuru amwe, uba muri Lviv, Ginsburg yanditse indi verisiyo ya "SHAKA" - "munsi ya Seni ya Funiferov ibaba", ityaye cyane kandi ititaye ku mibonano mpuzabitsina. Ariko mu 1965 basenye intoki n'intore zandikishijwe intoki n'intangarugero, batinya ifatwa rishya.
Ukurikije igitabo gizwi cyane n'umuyobozi uzwi wa Galina Volchek, imikorere ya "route nziza" yatanzwe. Inshingano z'inyenyeri z'Uburusiya na Sinema Marina Neelova, Nina Doroshin, Alla Pokrovskaya. Muri 2009, ubumwe bw'ibintu by'iminyago mu Budage, muri Polonye n'Ububiligi byagerageje gukuraho filime ishingiye ku gitabo, ariko ntiyigeze yigarurira abari bakomeye.
Muri Lviv, aho umuryango wimutse nyuma yo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe, ibikorwa by'ubuvanganzo bya Ginzburg byatejwe imbere. Mu byukuri, inzu yabaye muri salon yubuvanganzo, aho intore zo guhanga umujyi zagiye. Mu bazwi muri iyo myaka, ibinyamakuru "urubyiruko" n '"isi nshya" byasohowe n'ingingo zayo, inkuru "Abanyeshuri bafite imyaka makumyabiri", "urubyiruko". Ibikorwa bimwe bya Ginzburg byasohotse mu binyamakuru munsi yizina E. Aksenov.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima Bwihariye Evgenia Ginzburg ntabwo ari ikivi giheki nkigihe yabayemo. Mu myaka 20, umukobwa yahuye numuganga wa Leningrad Dmitry Fedorov, uwo yashakanye. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, umuhungu wa Alexey aravuka, ariko nyuma yigihe gito umuryango uratandukanye. Data n'Umwana wapfuye mu 1941 mu bacumbikiye.
Mu myaka ya za 1930 Ginzburg nk'intumwa y'ibigo bya Pedagoge, aho yahise akora, yagize uruhare mu nama y'ishyaka i Moscou. Agezeyo, yahuriye n'umugabo we wa kabiri Paul Akseov. Mu 1932, umuhungu yavutse ari umuhungu wa.
Pavel Aksov yakoze umwuga mwiza mu murongo w'ishyaka: Ese umuyobozi w'inama y'umujyi wa Kazan, umwe mu bagize komite ya komite ya Tatar ya CPSU. Umuryango wahawe inzu yindobanure, imodoka ya serivisi, nanny yarebye neza.
Ibintu byose byahindutse cyane mu 1935, nyuma yicwa rya Sergei Kirov, umuyobozi wa salle ya Leningrad. Iki kimenyetso cyabaye impamvu yo gukora isuku yumurongo wuzuye, kumenya "utizewe". Umuhamagaro wa mbere kuri Eugene yumvikanye igihe yashinjwaga ko atigeze ashyirwaho ko mugenzi we - Trotskyst Elfova, wakoraga mu biro by'ubuyobozi bwa Tatariya atukura. Evgeniya yatangaje igihano, gukurwa mu kirori kandi ikurwa mu kwigisha.
Mu 1937, Ginzburg ubwayo yarafashwe, nyuma Akseov. Bombi, kuba abayoboke ba Jerkey ibitekerezo bya gikomunisiti, babonaga ko hafatwa ikosa ritangaje. Kubaho ku ngingo ya 58, Evgenia Ginzburg yoherejwe i Kolya. Umwanzuro w'ikigo urashobora kwitwa intsinzi, kubera ko abakatiwe ku ngingo nk'iyi barashwe cyane.
Kuba mu gusoza, Eugene yakoraga ahantu hatandukanye, harimo mu bitaro by'inkambi. Umuganga Anton Walter yakoraga. Hamwe na we Ginzburg yatangiye kubaho nyuma yo kwibohora mu 1947 imyaka isigaye ikurikirana i Magadan. Yageze ku muhungu we vuba kugira ngo yemererwe kumusanga. Hamwe na Walter, umukobwa Antonani yatangiriye.
Antonina ni umunyeshuri bigana Leonid filatov na Ivan Dykhovichny, umukinnyi wa filime umwuga, aba mu Budage. Amaze kuvuga mu kiganiro, nyina ntiyategereje Data vasin, nk'uko bamubwiye ko Pawulo yarashwe. Vesily Aksenova Nyuma yo gufatwa n'imfubyi, aho bene wabo ba se bigoye gukorwa, nyuma yo kubuza umuhungu izina n'amazina.
Mu 1949, Yevgeny Ginzburg yatawe muri yombi. Iki gihe "amahirwe" byinshi - Umwanzuro umara ukwezi. Na none, iterabwoba ryo gufata amahinki mu 1953, kandi urupfu rwa Stalin ni bwo rwonyine rwahagaritse umuhengeri mushya wo gukandamizwa. Mu 1952, Eugene yagaruwe mu burenganzira, mu 1954 asubirwamo, ariko imyaka icumi abujijwe gutura mu mijyi minini (Ginzburg yashoboye kwimukira i Moscou mu 1966). Walter yavuguruye gusa mu 1958, nyuma y'umwaka, umugabo arapfa.
Evgenia Ginzburg, ukurikije umukobwa we, muri sosiyete iyo ari yo yibandwaho, yakwegereye abantu bo mu nyenyeri, ubugingo bw'ubwenge, icyizere, imbaraga zidasanzwe z'ubushake. Ubuzima bwo mu muryango bwubakiye ku kuramya kwa mwene mwana wasukuye, waje kuba icyamamare ku isi. Vasily Aksenov ni umwanditsi, umunyamakuru, umwanditsi wimirimo ikunzwe.
Yasabwe kandi kumenya aho ubwisanzure bwo kuvuga. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umwanditsi yavuye mu gihugu. Mbere yo kumuva, hageragejwe, nyuma asobanurwa na we mu gitabo "ishyaka ry'amayobera". Mu myaka ya za 70, umuhungu wa Ginzburg yashoboye gusura Ubudage n'Ubufaransa. Murusobe mukugera kubuntu guhitamo amafoto yumuryango.
Urupfu
Evgenia Ginzburg yapfuye mu 1977. Impamvu y'urupfu yari kanseri y'ibere, umwanditsi w'indwara yihishe neza. Yashyinguwe mu irimbi rya Kuzminsky i Moscou.Bibliografiya
- 1927 - "Kwiga Impinduramatwara mu ishuri ry'intambwe ya kabiri"
- 1963 - "Ntabwo natangiye. Icyitonderwa Mwarimu "
- 1967 - "Inzira ikonje", igice I.
- 1975-1977 - "Inzira ikonje", Igice cya II