Ubuzima
Ubuzima bwa William Berrowza ni ikintu gihuriranye, bisa nkaho kidahuye, ibikorwa nibindi bintu. Ku ruhande rumwe, urangije kaminuza ya Harvard, umwe mu banditsi bakomeye b'Abanyamerika bo mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri. Ku rundi - se wa psychelism, uburiganya bwa hipsters, umwicanyi n'uwabaswe.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ku ya 5 Gashyantare 1914, mu muryango wa nyir'uruganda runini rw'ikirahure berrowza n'umugore we Lae Lee bavutse umuhungu wa kabiri. Umuhungu yitiriwe Santa - William Seward. Kubwibyo, mu bitabo, izina ry'umwanditsi ryerekanwa nka William Seward Burrow II. Umuryango wabaga mu gace ka Elite wa St. Louis, muri Missouri.
Sogokuru - CEIET MATEST YIKINGIRA KIKINGIYE mu kinyejana cya 19, Umunyamerika wahimbye, washinze uruganda runini rw'ibikoresho bya mudasobwa yongeraho imashini. Ariko mu mvugo ntabwo ari abakire kandi bakomoka mu murage munini.
Mu bwana, kubera kamere idafite umushomeri, William yahinduye amashuri menshi yigenga, yakiriye amashuri yisumbuye mu ishuri rya Taylor. Odnoklassniki yahaye umuhungu afite umwuka, rimwe na rimwe amazina yubugome. Imitekerereze idahwitse yingimbi yari impression itazibagirana ya Roma Jack Blake "Ntushobora gutsinda." Berrowza yishimiye kumva ubufatanye bwagaragaye hagati y'abakinnyi, nubwo intwari zo mu gitabo zaba zunganywa n'abagizi ba nabi.
Mu 1932, Burrow yinjiye mu ishami rya kaminuza ya pfilology ya Harvard. Igihe kirangiye, mu 1936 yagiye i Vienne, aho ibitekerezo bye bihindukirira imiti. Mu 1939, Burws yasubiye mu gihugu cye, agerageza kwiga antropologiya mu ishuri rya Harvard. Ariko sinashakaga kubaho nkurikije amategeko rusange yemewe. Yakoreye umugenzacyaha bwite, abadayimoni, Bartender, ubutumwa.
Muri icyo gihe, rurrowtangira kwandika ibitabo byo kuryamana kw'abahuje igitsina no gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge. Mubikorwa byumvikana cyane, "umwanditsi wa mugitondo" azahita yita kwizihiza indwara kandi atondeka ibiyobyabwenge byashoboye kugerageza mubihe bibi.
Abavandimwe, akaba n'umwe mu bagize Ishuri ry'Abanyamerika bo mu Buhanzi n'ubuvanganzo bagombaga kuva mu ishuri ry'ubuhanzi n'ubuvanganzo, bava muri William. Burrow ikora ibyaha byinshi, ubwicanyi budasanzwe bwumugore wa Joan ahinduka Apothesis. Ariko ibi birori byagennye ibibera byurugobe nkumwanditsi.
Nkuko byaje kwatura kuri William mu gitabo "Pudide", niba atari urupfu rw'umugore we, ntazigera ahinduka umwanditsi. Burrow yizeraga ko mugihe cyicyaha, ibikorwa bye byagengwa n'umwuka runaka. Kubwibyo, kugirango tuneshe uyu mwuka mubi, bihatirwa gukora nkuko twandika.
Ubuvanganzo
Ibikorwa bishya bya Berrowza byanze kuva kera byanze gutangaza mugihugu cyabo. Ibitabo bikemuro bidafite uburambe, bitingira birashobora gutungurwa nubu. Akazi ka mbere "dzhanki. Kwatura ibiyobyabwenge bitari byo "ni amagambo yo kubura ibibazo byumuntu. Amateka y'ubuzima bw'agategabikorwa wa Heroine yasohotse mu 1953 munsi y'izina rya Pseudonym William Lee.
Gukomeza kwihatira "Dzhanki" ku nsanganyamatsiko yo kuryamana kw'abahuje igitsina yari igitabo "Pudid". Tangaza amerika, uhangayikishijwe no guhiga abarozi, ntibyasaga naho bishoboka. Igitabo cyari munsi yigitambara kugeza 1985.
Igihe cyamaze mu mujyi wa Maric, kizwi cyane, ubugari bw'imyitwarire ndetse n'ibiyobyabwenge by'ibiyobyabwenge, biteye urujijo mu kwandika "ifunguro rya mu gitondo ryambaye ubusa". Izina ryigitabo ryazanye ninshuti yumwanditsi Jack Keruac, undi mu banditsi b'Abanyamerika bakomeye, "umwami wa Hipster".
Igitabo cyanditswe nuburyo "Mosaic" cyangwa "uburyo bwo gukata" kandi ni raporo yo kubaswe ibiyobyabwenge yo kwishingikiriza, gutekereza ku ngingo yo kwerekeza gakondo no gusobanura ibiyobyabwenge.
Mubikorwa byubujura bita impamvu nyamukuru itera ibiyobyabwenge. Ubu ni ukugenza umuntu, kwishingikiriza ku bidukikije - umuryango, abanyapolitiki, idini. Ku nshuro ya mbere, Roman yahisemo gutangaza inzu yo gusohora Olimaliya i Paris mu 1959.
Muri Amerika, igitabo cyafatwaga nk'igituba kandi gisebanya, yaguye munsi kandi gisohoka mu 1966 gusa, hanyuma nyuma y'iburanisha. Ariko kuva icyo gihe, nta rukiko rw'Abanyamerika rwagize ubutwari kumanika ku mirimo y'ubuvanganzo y'ubwonko bw'ibiteye isoni.
Kugeza ubu, "ifunguro rya mugitondo" rifatwa nkimwe mubikorwa byingenzi byubuvanganzo bwabanyamerika mugice cya kabiri cyikinyejana cya xx. Nk'uko Norman Malera, muri iki gitabo muri Burrouse, Royius yabyutse.
Ikoreshwa nuwagurijwe "gutema uburyo" wasanze abayoboke bashimira. Uburyo bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rya Sampling muri muzika. Itsinda rya Nirvana ndetse ryanditse ijwi rye muri imwe mu ndirimbo ze.
Ibikorwa bya nyuma bya William Berrowza byanditswe muburyo bumwe. Mu myaka ya za 1960, "trilogy Nova", irimo ibitabo "imashini yoroshye", "itike yo guturika", "nova Exprew". Ibitabo byatewe ahanini no guteza imbere ubwoko bwa cyberpunk. Hano ku nshuro ya mbere ijambo "Hevi-icyuma" kiragaragara.
Mu myaka ya za 70 zasohoye "Trilow Trilogy" ("Abahungu bo mu gasozi", "ibihano", "icyambu cy'abatagatifu"). Uwa mbere, hafi y'abangavu b'ingimbi, aryama indirimbo ya Duran Duran "Abahungu bo mu gasozi". Umuhanzi w'Ubwongereza na Producer David Bowie yifashishije imyenda yasobanuwe mu "bahungu bo mu gasozi", imisatsi no kwisiga kugira ngo itangire ishusho itazibagirana.
Muri icyo gihe, burrow yashushanyije ibitekerezo ku buryo buto. Kubera iyo mpamvu, hari inyandiko n'inkuru, muri bo - "igitabo cyo guhumeka" (1984). "Hano ah Pach" (1979). Iyanyuma, idasanzwe irahagije, yabanje kugaragara muburyo bwurwenya, nyuma bafata ikarito.
Mu myaka ya za 1980, trilog yo mu "mijyi ya nijoro" yasohotse, harimo igitabo kimwe no mu rwego rw'amagana "umwanya w'imihanda yapfuye", "uburengerazuba bw'iburengerazuba". Izina ry'igitabo cya kabiri ryafashe itsinda rya London Indi-Rocks "rubanda" imihanda yapfuye ".
Abobiografiya "injangwe imbere", wasohotse ufite uruziga ruto mu 1986, wiyeguriye injangwe, uwo mwanditsi yakundaga cyane. Inyenzi yavugiye mu kanwa k'intwari y'Abaroma, yenyine ashimangira byuzuye ni itegeko ryerekeye kurinda inyamaswa.
Imyaka ibiri mbere y'urupfu rw'umwanditsi, igitabo cya nyuma "Amashuri yanjye: Igitabo cy'inzozi" cyasohotse. Nyuma yo kwandika imiti, impande zizimye mubitabo byamajwi mubikorwa byayo. Rero, muri Disiki ya Radiyo Yapfuye, usibye ibice bivuye ku mirimo, ingingo z'umwanditsi ivuga ku bukristo n'ibitekerezo bya Bibiliya birahari.
Izina ry'igitabo "Inyanja Nshya" ryatanzwe na moteri zishakisha ntabwo rifitanye isano na William Seward Berroud (William S.BUREROS). Umusomyi witonze azabona ko irindi zina ryerekanwa ku gifuniko - William E. Brumi.
Umwanditsi yarashimwe kandi akaba umukinnyi n'indaya, harimo muri firime yanditse na we ("Nagishom wa sasita"). Filime zafashwe amashusho mu nzego ziva mu nzego zerekeza "amahano" "ubwoba" ("Tornapdo". "Decoder" "decoder").
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mbere y'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, William Burrow yisanze muri Otirishiya. Hano ni igitekerezo kigeze cyo kurwanya anti-fashi-fascism, ndetse yashakanye n'umuyahudi witwa ILZA CHUPPER kugira ngo amukize ibigo byakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa maze ajyane muri Amerika.
Mu 1939, Chicago Burrow cyane yashimishijwe n'abasore bitwa Jack Anderson. Umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza yifuzaga guhindura isano hafi. Ushaka gutanga ibitekerezo ku musore, William yatemye isonga rya Mizinz, icyo gihe bwanditse mu rutoki "urutoki".
Nyuma yibi bintu, impande zaje kuvura nububabare bwibitaro bya psyitney. Kuba utandukanijwe mubibindi bya psyche byakoreshwa mugihe kizaza kugirango tutajya mu ngabo.
Mu 1944, William yahuye na Joan Volmer, wabaye umugore we udasanzwe. Mu 1947, abashakanye babyaranye umuhungu, kandi ari impanda. Nyuma yimyaka 4 mubirori, nyina yapfuye azize amaboko ya Burrowza. William yamaze ibyumweru bibiri muri gereza yo muri Mexico. Dukurikije amakuru ataremezwa, murumuna we yahawe abayobozi guhaza William kuri Bail.
Inkombe yasubiye muri Amerika yavuye mu nteruro yo kwica mu burangare, usibye gukora ku butaka bw'ikindi gihugu. Umwana yapfuye imbere ya Data, mu 1981, avuye mu mwijima wa cirrhose.
Mu 1975, Burrowz Bons Guryrfor. Mu myaka makumyabiri n'ibiri, uyu muntu ntiyari inshuti magara gusa, ahubwo yanari kumwe n'umunyamabanga, n'umwanditsi wa Nanny. Kuri enterineti urashobora gusanga amafoto menshi ya William Berrowza, n'inshuti ze.
Urupfu
Nubwo imyaka cumi n'imyaka cumi n'itanu yo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge biremereye, ubuzima bwo guhuza ibitsina, William Burrowz yabayeho imyaka 83.
Umwanditsi yapfuye ku ya 2 Kanama 1997 avuye ku nkombe za Myocardial.
Bibliografiya
- 1953 - "Dzhanki"
- 1953 - "Pudd"
- 1959 - "ifunguro rya mu gitondo ryambaye ubusa"
- 1962 - "itike yo guturika"
- 1964 - Nova Express
- 1971 - "Abahungu bo mu gasozi"
- 1973 - "Abadayimoni!"
- 1981 - "Imijyi itukura"
- 1983 - "Umwanya Wimihanda Yapfuye"
- 1986 - "Injangwe imbere"
- 1989 - "Alley Thrnado"
- 1991 - "Amahirwe yizimu"
- 1995 - "Amashuri yanjye: Igitabo cy'inzozi"