Ubuzima
Ivan Nikitovic Kozhevyub - Inshuro eshatu Intwari ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, indege y'Abasoviyeti, indege ya Marshal, umuyobozi wa gisirikare ya Sovieti ndetse n'abitabiriye intambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu. Muri iyo nkuru yabaderezi benshi bamasa indege yumwanzi.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ku ya 8 Kamena 1920, umuderevu w'ejo hazaza Ivan Nikitovich Kozhevub yavutse. Umuhungu yakuze mu muryango w'abahinzi, aho se yakoraga nk'itorero. Ubwana n'urubyiruko rwa Ivana byabereye mu karere ka Glukhovsky y'Intara ya Coryirhiv yo mu Ntara ya ChernihInk yo mu karere ka Ukraine.
Mfite imyaka 14, Kozdadub yakiriye icyemezo cyo gukura, nyuma ajya mu mujyi wa Shoska. Umusore yatanze inyandiko mubuhanga bwa shimi nubuhanga bwikoranabuhanga, yatsinze ibizamini bikenewe, nyuma yiyandikishije nkumunyeshuri mu kigo cy'uburezi.
Ivan yarambuye mumyaka y'ubuto ifata indege, ubwo rero yiga mu ishuri rya tekinike yatangiye kwiga muri Aerocluba. Mu 1940, umurongo mushya wagaragaye muri biografiya ya kozjadbab - ingabo zitukura. Umusore wongeye kuvuka muri serivise.
Muri icyo gihe, amahugurwa yarangije amahugurwa ku ishuri ry'indege rya Chuguruv Ishuri rya Pilote y'abaderevu. Indege yashimiwe na Kozhevab, nuko umusore yiyemeza kuguma hano mumwanya wumwigisha.
Umuganda
Mu 1941, Ivan Kozhevab yigabanyijemo ibihe bibiri: mbere na nyuma y'intambara. Hamwe na pedagogi yishuri ryindege, umusore yari muri Chimkent (ubu shymkent). Uyu mujyi uherereye muri Qazaqistan. Bidatinze, Ivan yahawe izina ry'amakopiro rikuru, kandi nyuma y'amezi make akiza Levishebu mu rugo rw'umurwanyi 240 302 rw'igice cy'indege cy'indege, cyashyizwe muri Ivanovo. Umwaka umwe, umuderevu yari kuri voronezh.
Dore indege ya Ivana yiruka mu kirere, ariko pancake yambere yahindutse kuba com. La-5, aho Kozdadub yimutse, yarangiritse. Gusa inyuma yibikoresho bidashoboka byemereye umuderevu kurokora ubuzima. Indege yahise ivunika rwose, ariko ubuhanga bwumuderevu bwatwemereye kugwa kumuhanda. Kugarura umurwanyi wa moteri umwe watsinzwe.
Kubera kubura indege, Kozjadbab yagerageje guhindura kugeza kuri post Estlert, ariko umuyobozi utaziguye yahagurukiye kurengera umusirikare. Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1943, Ivan yakiriye indi mpimbano atangira kwambara umutwe wa liyetona muto. Bitewe n'izi mpinduka, umuderevu yazamutse mu nzego y'umwuga ku muyobozi wungirije wa Squadron.
Ubudahemuka ku bujyakuzimu bwa Ivan bwarumiwe buri munsi, azamuka mu kirere no kurinda igihugu cy'Uburusiya. Ku ya 6 Nyakanga 1943 yatangiye urugamba kuri arc arc. Iki gihe, cyateguwe mubururu bwubururu Lewidib bimaze inshuro 40. Isabukuru yatangaje umuderevu hamwe nifoto yumudage wa Bomber. Umunsi umwe, umuderevu yavuze indi ndege yarashe. Ku ya 9 Nyakanga, abarwanyi 2 b'abanzi bakubise umuriro.
Kubikorwa nkibi, ivan yakiriye izina rya Liyetona nintwari yubumwe bwa Soviet. Mu 1944, Kozhed yimukiye mu ndege idasanzwe ya LA-5FN. Indege yatumye utanga umuvumvu mu karere ka Stilialrad V.v. Konev. Muri icyo gihe, umuderevu ahabwa ubwonko bwa Kapiteni no kwimurwa ku mwanya w'umuyobozi wungirije w'abazamu 176 barindwi. Mu kirere, guhera ubu, umuyobozi yazamuye La-7. Hano hari inteko 330 yo kurwanya 82 na 62 ivura indege.
Kubanga Ivan, intambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu yarangiye ku ya 17 Mata 1945. Intsinzi yumuderevu yahuye na Berlin. Hano, umugabo yashyikirijwe umudari ukurikira "inyenyeri ya zahabu". Iki gihembo cyahawe abo bantu bagaragaje ubutwari, ubutwari n'ubuhanga bwo hejuru. Uhereye kubintu byingenzi bya Kozjadbab urashobora gutanga icyifuzo cyo guhura. Fungura Umuderevu wahisemo hafi.
Nyuma, ivan Nikitovic azandika autobiography azobikoramo muri 1945, mbere gato yuko imirwano imaze igihe izarangira, Abanyamerika babiri "bari mu murizo w'indege. Ingabo z'Amerika zabonye kozhevab ari umwanzi, bityo indege z'Abasoviyeti zatangiye kuzuza. Nabo ubwabo barababara: Ivan ntabwo yateganyaga gupfa, ariko, ku buryo, yarose kugaruka ku isi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Abanyamerika barapfuye.
Ntibishoboka gusuzugura ibikorwa Ivan Nikitovich yakoze mu myaka y'intambara. Ntabwo rimwe, uruhu rwaje mubihe bidashimishije, muri yo undi muderevu wese adashobora gusohoka. Ariko umuderevu buri gihe yavuye mu batsindiye urugamba. Umugabo yamenetse rwose abarwanyi bakomeza kubaho.
Kureka serivisi nyuma yintambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu, Kozadub ntiyashakaga, nuko aguma mu murimo w'ingabo zirwanira mu kirere. Kugira ngo akomeze kuzamurwa mu ntera, Ivan Nikitovich yasabwaga kugira amashuri makuru, bityo umuderevu yinjiye mu ishuri ritukura Air Acal. Buhoro buhoro, abakora indege batangiye gukora ibishushanyo bidasanzwe. Kozadub yazamutse mu kirere n'inararibonye.
Mu 1948 rero, Ivan Nikitovich yageragejwe Mig-15. Nyuma yimyaka 8, amaherezo yayoboye umuderevu mu ishuri rya gisirikare ry'abakozi bakuru. Igihe kirageze ngo intambara nshya yabereye muri Koreya. Kureka 324, igabana ry'indege ry'indege ryamategeko sinashobora, nuko njyana n'abasirikare mu kindi gihugu. Kubera ubuhanga bwa Kozhevab, mu ntambara, 9 Abaderevu bapfiriye mu ntambara, intsinzi 216 mu kirere.
Amaze gutangwa muri Koreya, yafashe umwanya w'umuyobozi wungirije w'ingabo z'abasirikare ba Moscou. Uyu mwanya wasigaye mu 1971 bijyanye n'ubuhinduzi mu biro byo hagati by'ingabo zirwanira mu kirere. Nyuma yimyaka 7, Ivan Nikitovich yari mu itsinda ry'abagenzuzi Bukuru ya Minisiteri y'ingabo ya USSR. Mu 1985, Kozdadub yakiriye umutwe wa Marshal Aviation.
Usibye gukunda igisirikare, Ivan Nikitovich yari afite ibikorwa bitandukanye. Iyi ni politiki. Umunsi umwe, Kozhevab yatowe n'abadepite b'abantu mu Nama Nkuru ya Unkuru y'Ikirenga ya Unsr II-V.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu 1928, uwo bashakanye azaza kuri Ivan Kozhevab Veronika Nikolaevna yavutse. Kuburyo urubyiruko rwahuye, umubano wurukundo watangiye hagati yabo, umusirikare yahisemo kutabibwira.
Mu myaka ya nyuma y'intambara, umukobwa witwa Natalia yavukiye mu muryango w'intwari y'Abasoviyeti. Nyuma, umukobwa yashyikirije ababyeyi b'abuzukuru wa Vitalyelyewich. Noneho umugabo akorera mu buvuzi i Moscou.
Mu 1952, umukenguruko wongeye kwisubiraho. Icyo gihe umuhungu yaravutse. Umuhungu yakiriye izina nikita. Umusore yagiye mu kirenge cya Data, ariko atari mu ndege gusa, ahubwo ko ari mu ishuri rya kawutili. Muri serivisi, Nikita yashakanye n'umukobwa witwa Olga Fedorovna. Mu 1982, umukobwa Anna yavukiye mu muryango mushya. Mu 2002, batangaje urupfu rwa kapiteni w'ingingo 3 ya USSR.
Urupfu
Ku ya 8 Kanama 1991, abavandimwe ba Ivan Kozhevab batangaje ko Intwari y'Abasoviyeli yaguye. Impamvu yemewe y'urupfu yitwaga igitero cy'umutima. Kushyingura umuderevu, irimbi rya Novodevichi, riherereye i Moscou, ryatoranijwe.
Ku isabukuru y'umuderevu, film ya documentaire "amabanga yikinyejana. Intambara ebyiri Ivan Kozhevab, "Ninde washyikirije abareba mu 2010. Amashusho, diari na hamwe nicyitegererezo cyumuryango, harimo amafoto, byakoreshejwe kumugaragaro. Uruhare nyamukuru rwakinnye n'umukinnyi wa Sergey Burusiya Larin. Igishimishije, umwuzukuru wa Ivan Nikitovich Anna Yongeye Kuvuka mubyo Intwari yicyatsi.
Ibihembo
- 1943, 1945, 1951, 1968, 1970 - Cavalier wo muri gahunda itukura
- 1944, 1945 - Intwari ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti
- 1944, 1978 - Cavalier wo mu cyemezo cya Lenin
- 1945 - Cavalier Itondekanya rya Alexander Nevsky
- 1955 - KAVALER ya Inyenyeri itukura
- 1975 - KAVALER yurutonde "kumurimo wubukwe mu ngabo za Ussr" III
- 1985 - KAVALER yurutonde rwintambara yo gukunda igihugu ndi impamyabumenyi
- 1990 - KAVALER yurutonde "kumurimo wubukwe mu ngabo za Ussr" II