Ubuzima
Ku mateka mato ugereranije n'ubuvanganzo, Amerika yashoboye kuva mu murage munini. Mark Twain, Jack Londres, Edgar Mitchell, Edgan Kingschell, Stephen King, Umushoferi wa Theodore ... Babayeho kandi babayeho kandi babayeho kandi babayeho kandi bafite ikindi kintu elusive, ariko guhuza. Ahari ibyiyumvo byasobanuwe cyane bitera imirimo nabantu bazwi cyane muri Amerika Francis Scott Fitzgerald.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Francis yavukiye mu muryango w'abimukira baturutse muri Irilande. Sekuru ku murongo wa Male filipo McKilllan, yimukira muri Amerika, yashoboye guhaguruka ku birenge mu gihugu gishya kandi akakira. Ariko Eduard Fitzgerald, wasweye muri Irilande imwe - Se w'umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza, yananiwe kugera ku bisubizo bimwe. Eduard yagabanutseho irangira irangira, niko molly McKilan yatumye ababyeyi b'umugabo w'ejo hazaza, bagerageje kwanga kunganya umukobwa wa Cavalurles itizera.
Mu kurangiza, Edward na Molly bakinnye ubukwe, kuko umusaza Mcquill yagombaga kwihanganira ibi kandi ubanza gufasha umuryango mushya. Nyuma, Chet Fitzgeralds yatangiye ubucuruzi kandi ashobora kwitanga.
Ikibazo gusa cyababajwe numuryango ukiri muto ni urupfu rwabana babiri ba mbere. Kubwibyo, aba bombi ntibyari ngombwa, ubwo umuhungu wari utegerejwe yagaragaye ku ya 24 Nzeri 1896. Umuhungu yahisemo guhamagara Francis Scott.
Kubera ko Francis na mushiki we Louise bari mu muryango w'Abagatolika, hanyuma uburezi bwibanze bwahawe mu mashuri gatolika. Uyu muhungu yarangije mu ishuri rya St. Paul (Saint Paul Academy), uherereye muri Minnesota.
Umusore Fezgerald mu ishuri rya Newman), iherereye muri Massachusetts yakomeje kwiga. Kwiga mu ishuri rya Newman, Francis yakoresheje igihe cyo kwihesha agaciro.
Nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri abigenga, umusore yimukiye i Jersey Nshya kugirango yinjire muri kaminuza ya Princeton. Nkumunyeshuri wa kaminuza nkuru, Fitzgerald yatekereje kubijyanye numwuga w'umwanditsi nibihe bya muziko arangirira. Francis yagize uruhare mu manota y'ubuvanganzo, ariko ntiyibagiwe ku buryo bw'umubiri kugira ngo akurikire: Fitzgerald na we yinjiye mu ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru.
Icyakora, kaminuza ntiyigeze ihindura kaminuza. Ahubwo, mu 1917, yagiye mu gisirikare mu 1917, ahari aho, yashoboye, yashoboye kubaka umwuga, amaze kugera ku mutwe w'abayobozi bashishikarizwa na brigade.
Mu 1919, Fitzgerald ibumoso bwa gisirikare. Imigambi yumusore yari ubukwe hamwe na zelda seyra, umukobwa w'indashyikirwa numuryango wubashywe ukomoka muri Alabama. Ariko ubu bukwe bwabujijwe n'ababyeyi ba Zelda, bamaze gusuzuma ko atagomba gutanga umukobwa we uwo musore, wari umaze kugaruka avuye mu gisirikare kandi nta nyungu zihamye mfite. Nibyo rwose kuzenguruka ibizaba - subiramo igice kiva kuri se na nyina!
Francis Scott yahisemo ko aramutse aba umwanditsi uzwi, hanyuma ababyeyi b'umukobwa bahindura ibitekerezo. Fitzgerald yimukiye i New York, aho yatangiye kwibeshaho, akora nk'abakozi bamamaza, ndetse no mu gihe cye cy'ubusa - kwandika igitabo cya mbere.
Ubuvanganzo
Inyandiko yarangiye yo ku mirimo ya "Francis Egoist" Francis yohereje amazu nyamukuru asohoka ya New York, ariko asubiza yahawe no gutsindwa gusa. Yabaye igiti gikomeye kumusore. Yatangiye kunywa, hanyuma atwara akazi. Ibumoso nta nzira yo kubaho, yasubiye mu nzu y'ababyeyi.
Hamagara bike, fitzgerald yahisemo gukosora inyandiko yandikishijwe intoki, biganisha ku kwandikisha kuva kera. Kopi nshya ya novelistic ya Novice yongeye kohereza abamamaza. Kuva kuri Charles Scubner`s haza ibaruwa yashyizweho umukono numwanditsi mukuru Maxwell Perkins. Muri yo, umutware avuga ko imirimo ya Francis itandukanye cyane nibyatangajwe byose. Ariko umwamamaji yiteguye gufata umwanya no kurekura igitabo, kuko yemera ko yatsinze.
Ku ya 26 Werurwe 1920, Egoist yongeye kwandika "yagiye kuri Charles Skerbner`s umuhungu witwa" kuruhande rwa paradizo ". Igitabo kiba umutsima (muri iyo myaka itarakoreshwa iri jambo, ariko uyumunsi ingaruka zo kugurisha iki gitabo), umwanditsi arazwi, na Zelda seyir - umugeni fitzgerald.
Andi majwi yandika inkuru za Almanacac n'ibinyamakuru bizwi, izi nkuru zizashyirwa ahagaragara mu cyegeranyo cye "zivanyweho kandi ziteye imbere". Muri Gicurasi 1922, inkuru y "amateka mayobera ya Benjamin Batiton" yasohotse muri buri cyumweru, ninde ukomeye cyane kuri Fitzal 'kumwanya wanditseho igisekuru gishya - Igisekuru cya Jazz.
Nubwo umukobwa we Francis na Zolda batangiye kubaho imibereho ya chic bakaba babaye intwari z'Amateka y'isi. Ibikorwa byabo byose bitandukanijwe rwose nukuri no kubitaho. Mu 1922, Fitzgerods abona inzu nshya yubatswe muri Manhattan. Ariho ko umwanditsi atangiye gukora kuri "Gatsby Gatsby".
Muri icyo gihe, Francis atangaza igitabo cye cya kabiri - "mwiza kandi wacometse", agurisha uburenganzira kuri filime ye kurekura na William A kugeza ku kibanza, hanyuma arekura icyegeranyo cy '"Inkuru zegeranye na Jazz" n'amateka " ".
Mu 1924, Fezgerald yahisemo kujya mu Burayi. Mu rugendo rwe, afite umwanya wo kubona abo tuziranye, ndetse no gushaka inshuti na ernest hemingsway, yabaga mu gihe i Paris. Muri Amerika, muri iki gihe, uwa gatatu Roman Francis arasohoka - "Gatsby ukomeye", ndetse na filime ye yo kubika, yarashwe na Herbert Benon.
Yagarutse mu mubyatsi, umwanditsi yatangaje ikindi cyegeranyo, yitwaga "uru rubyiruko rubabaje", nyuma yitsinda ryirabura ritangirira mubuzima bwa fitzgerald. Inyungu zifatwa nk'igitekerezo cy'umugore we no gutangira iterambere rya Schizorenia ye. Ububiko Zelda birananirana. EFCIS yongeye kwizizirwa n'inzoga, biganisha ku kibazo cyo guhanga.
Mu 1934, mu buryo butunguranye, igitabo gishya cy'umwanditsi kisohoka - "ijoro", rishingiye kuri biografiya.
Nyuma, Fitzgerald yahisemo guhindura vector y'ibikorwa kandi iga kuba umuyobozi wa Hollywood. Iyo myaka ye, muri iyo myaka yamaze imyaka myinshi, ariko hari kasekuru nyinshi ni "amakariso atatu". Crank Barrusegi ku gitabo cya Erich Mary Remarik n '"abagore" ba George Kickor. Igitangaje, muri kimwe muri ibyo firime mumigambi, izina ryumwanditsi ntabwo ryasobanuwe.
Mu 1939, Fitzgerald atangira akazi kuri "mandnate yanyuma" - igitabo kijyanye no kutinda kwa Hollywood. Iki gitabo kizasohoka nyuma yinyuma, kimwe nibiterankunga "byari" na "ibiciro byuburebure."
Fitzgerald irashobora kwimura umwuka wicyo gihe. Ibi byatumye havurwa inkinzo nyinshi z'ibitabo bye. Abasutse "Great Gatsby" (1974) wa Jack Clayton hamwe na Robert Redford na Mii Farnate, "Magnate Yanyuma" (1976) David Fortton na Kate Blanchetta, kimwe n '"gastby" ukomeye "hamwe na Lirman Urufatiro rwose rusaba - Leonardo Di Caprio, Toby Maguili, Cary Maguigan, Joel Edson, Elizabeth, Elizabeth, Elizabeth, Elizabeth, Elizabeth Clark.
Nanone muri 2016, "Magnate ya nyuma" yasohotse kuri ecran. Matt Bomer na Lily Collins bashohojwe mububiko bushya. Ntabwo aribwo buryo bwonyine bwa tereviziyo yimirimo ya fitzgerald - kuri TV, haba mu bwigenge bwigenga imirimo yumwanditsi no guhuza inkuru zamateka kuri televiziyo nka "Sundas".
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Kuva mu 1920 kugeza 1940, Fitzgerald yashakanye na Syer. Ku ya 26 Ukwakira 1921, bombi bari bafite umukobwa fwend.
Nyuma yo gutandukana na zelda fitzgerald, inshuro nyinshi yahuye numunyamakuru wandika kubyerekeye amakuru ya Hollywood kubibuga byinshi. Amahitamo mashya ya Francis yitwa Sheila Graham. Bose hamwe babayeho, urupfu rw'umwanditsi rwabaye urupfu.
Urupfu Francis Scott Fitzgerald
Umwanditsi yapfuye ku ya 21 Ukuboza 1940.
Impamvu yemewe y'urupfu ni igitero cy'umutima, ariko, inshuti n'abo tuziranyejeje ko mubyukuri Francis atabaye kubera inzoga zikabije, ibyo yahemukiye nyuma yo gutandukana na Zelda.
Bibliografiya
- 1920 - "Muri ubu buryo bwa paradizo"
- 1922 - "Amateka Yiyobera ya Benjamin Batiton"
- 1922 - "Ubwiza kandi bwamagane"
- 1923 - "Inkuru zerekeye ikinyejana cya Jazz"
- 1925 - "Gatsby ikomeye"
- 1926 - "Abo Rubyiruko rubabaje"
- 1934 - "Ijoro" Ijoro "
- 1935 - "Ibimenyetso byo Kunguka"
- 1941 - "Magnat ya nyuma"
- 1945 - "Wrecker"