Ubuzima
Umuyobozi w'ibyamamare w'ingabo z'Uburusiya, Minisitiri ufite umutwe wa Jenerali Felldmarshal, inkuru yabo y'intambara zatsinze z'intambara ya Paciotike yo mu 1812 n'ubukangurambaga bwa gisirikare. Uyu warlord arashobora guhatanira akurikije urwego rwamamara ndetse na Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov.
Amayeri ya gisirikare yakoreshejwe na Mikhail Bogdanovich mu ntambara, kunengwa no mu gihe, ariko abakomokaho bashimye ubuhanga bw'umwuga w'Abarusiya. Kwiyegurira Barclay de Tolly no kwiyegurira Uburusiya bwe byerekana amagambo y'umusirikare kubera ko yari yiteguye kugwa muri Borodino, niba byasaba intsinzi.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Amateka y'inkomoko y'inkomoko y'umuryango wa Barclay de yashinze imizi mu kinyejana cya Xi no mu mugabane wu Burayi. Nikolai Bogdanovich Nikolai Bogdanovich ni ukomoka kuneza ya kera, amateka atangirana na Robert Barclay. Robert ubwe ni uvuye mu bihugu bya Scandinaviya. Mu rwego rw'ingabo za Duke za Normandy Wilhelm Ntsinze (Wilhelm Norman), Robert Barclay yari mu Bwongereza, aho byakomeje kubaho. Aho batuye, umugabo yahisemo umudugudu yitwaje izina rye barclay. Abakomoka kuri Robert bagabanijwemo amashami abiri asa - Barclay ya Garty (bidatinze yaretse kubaho) na barclay ya Touie. Ibisekuruza bike byahinduwe muri de Toll.
Umuryango wa Barclay de Tolly wagize ubutunzi bw'Umwami kandi wongereye ubutunzi bwayo, ahubwo ni ibintu bya politiki mu Bwongereza, bifitanye isano no kuhaka kwa Oliver, birukana Barcrimill, birukana Barcrimill, bihatira Barcrimill, bahatira Barclay Corwell. Sekuru-munini w'abatware b'ibyamamare batuye i Riga, aho bari bishora mu bucuruzi ndetse bakanakomeza inzira yabo.
Nyuma ya Lativiya amaze kuba mu Bwami bw'Uburusiya, Lettlald Gottland (se w'uko gusabana ejo hazaza) yakiriye umutwe w'igikomangoma. Amaze gukorerwa mu gisirikare, Wungold yashakanye n'umukobwa waho Margarita-Elizabeth von Methiteten. Margarita yari umudage ukomokamo, yari afite umutwe w'icyubahiro kandi akavuka cyangwa yavukiye mu muryango w'abantu bashinzwe ba nyir'ubutaka, cyangwa mu muryango w'umupadiri wubahwa.
Ukuboza 17, 1761 (Nk'undi makuru, 27 Ukuboza) mu muryango wa Wangold Gottland na Margarita-Elizabeth, umuhungu yaravutse. Ubuzima bw'umuyobozi ntibwigeze budakiza itariki, ahubwo n'aho bwo kuvuka bwa Mikhail, muriki gihe haracyari amakimbirane mu mateka.
Umuhungu yitwaga Mabuja Mabuja Mikhael Andreas. Ariko, kubatizwa, Mikayeli yabonye izina Mikhail. Patronymic Bogdanovich ihujwe na etymologiya y'izina rya Se: Gotland mu kidage bisobanura "iyi Mana." Mikhail yabaye umuhungu wa kabiri wumugabo wubatse.
Kubera ko mu kinyejana cya XVIII mu banyamerika b'Abadage byateye imbere imigenzo y'imiryango itabana, ababyeyi bohereje Mikhail kugira ngo bayobore indurge muri St. Petersburg, mu muryango wa nyirasenge. Colonel hamwe n'umugore we, bagenda barera barera umuyobozi w'ejonda b'ubwo hazaza, bashohoje inshingano zabo kugira ngo babone inshingano zabo, bashidikanya ko umuhungu yahawe umuryango mwiza wo mu rugo. Akiri umwana, umuhungu yashimishijwe n'amateka, amayeri n'ingamba z'intambara, yavuze indimi nyinshi z'amahanga.
Urebye umwanya wa se wamureraga, kimwe n'inyungu z'umwana ubwe, ikibazo cyo guhitamo umwuga ntabwo byari bimuhagaraye. Indi myaka itandatu, Mikhail yashyizwe ku nzego z'ikigo cya Novotroisky Kirassian, wategetse se wamureraga. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, Ingoma y'Uburusiya yatangiye intambara na Ottoman. Michael muto yari ategereje amabaruwa ya nyirarume kandi arebye ikinamico yimicungire yimirwano.
Umuganda
Serivisi ya gisirikare Mikhail yatangiye imirongo ya poskov cabinerian ya karabinerian. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, umusore yakiriye ipeti rya Cornet, naho indi myaka itanu, Mikharii yaje ipeti rya Podoruk. Mikhail igaragara cyane kumurongo rusange wurwego rwo hejuru rwuburezi no gukunda gusoma. Ariko, iki kintu cyari impamvu yo gushya kw'abasirikare bagenzi bacu kugirango atsinde Barclay de Tolly. Jenerali Patkul yahinduye Mikhail muri serivisi i St. Petersburg. Ngaho, Liyetonant ukiri muto yongereye impamyabumenyi kuri memoram m.i. Kutuzov. Mikhail illarinovich yibanze ku bikubiyemo no ku mibereho myiza y'abasirikare basanzwe, kandi Barclay de Tolly yafashe iki gihe.
Colonel y'umusore Barclay de yabaye imyaka icumi gusa gusa nkozi z'igisirikare. Kujya ku gikomangoma cya Viktor Shaumbourgy mu rwego rwa Kapiteni, Mikhail yakiriye uburambe bwa mbere mu kuyobora imirwano nyayo - Intambara yo muri Turukiya yo mu 1878 yatangiye. Muri kiriya gihe, Barclay yamenyekanye nkumuyobozi wihariye kandi ukonje, ashoboye gufata ibisubizo bikomeye kurugamba.
Mu 1788, ingabo z'Uburusiya zafashe igitero cya Ochak. Muri iki gikorwa, umusore Barclay yahuye n'umujyanama we Kutuzov, kandi yiboneye kunanirwa kwa gisirikare na Suvorov na marrigue ye na Potemkin. Kandi agakiza k'umutware Angalta Mikhail yakiriye igihembo cye cya mbere - gahunda ya Mutagatifu Vladimir.
Mu 1879, Mikhail Bogdanovich, wakiriye ikindi kwiyongera, yimuriwe mu ntambara yo muri Finlande yintambara hamwe na Suwede. Haguye ku rugamba na Patron Mikhail ibikomangoma Ahalt. Mbere y'urupfu rwe, igikomangoma cyerekanye inkota Mikhail Bogdanovich nyuma yashyinguwe cyane ku bushake bwe.
Indi nama ya Barclay na Suvorov yabaye mu 1794 mu mujyi wa GRODN, mu rwego rwo kwiyamamaza cyo guhagarika imitwe ya Polonye. Kubutwari n'ubutwari mu kurwanya inyeshyamba, Mikhail Bogdanovich yakiriye gahunda ya Mutagatifu George.
Amaze kubona umutwe wa Koloneli, amashuri yarokotse yarokotse urupfu rwa Catherine II, ukuza kwa Pawulo I, igihe Suvorov imwe yaguye. Mikhail Bogdanovich yakomeje kuyobora remezo ya 4 ya Haniki muri Leta ya Baltique, aho yakoraga ku giti cye guhitamo abinjira no kubigisha. Gukora ituje ry'umutegetsi w'abibutura ntiyahagaritse bricky n'urupfu rwa Pawulo no kuhagera kwa Alexander I.
Mu 1806 gusa, Mikhail Bogdanovich yongeye kurwana n'ingabo ze, ahanganye n'ingabo za Napoleon. Kutera imbere mu ntambara hamwe na Barclay ba Barclay, gahunda ya Mutagatifu George yahawe ibihembo. Umwaka umwe, Jenerali Mikhail Bogdanovich yakomeretse bikomeye ku rugamba. Umwaka umwe, nyuma yo kuvurwa igihe kirekire mu bitaro, Barclay yasubiye ku rugamba muri Finlande.
Mu 1809, Barclay de yashyizeho igikorwa cya gisirikare cyatangaje, kitigeze kibaho, mu gihe bajyanaga imirambo ye ya shitingi ku rubura rworoheje bananutse kandi bagaragara inyuma y'umwanzi. Iki gikorwa cyiza cyabaye intangiriro yimpera yumurwango hagati y'Uburusiya na Suwede. Kubera imikorere, ifasi ya Finlande yometse ku Burusiya, kandi Jenerali ubwe yabaye guverineri.
Ukoresheje umwanya mushya, Mikhail Bogdanovich yahanganye no kutagenda bitewe n'imirimo ya gisirikare, bijyanye na 1810 yashyizweho na minisitiri w'ingoma w'Uburusiya. Mu mwanya mushya ku bitugu, Barclaya yakoze umurimo uremereye kandi ufite inshingano - gutegura ingabo z'intambara zegereje n'Ubufaransa. Minisitiri yageze ku mibereho yo gutsinda mu ntsinzi mu gusohoza ubutumwa bw'imirwano, Minisitiri yageze ku kwiyongera kw'ingabo no kwagura Leta.
Amaze kwiga ingamba z'umwanzi, Mikhail Borgdanovich yiteze gahunda ye yo kurwana, nk'uko ingabo ze zagombaga gusubira mu gihugu, ntarengwa irambuye itumanaho ry'ingabo za Napoleon no kuyiruhura. Ingamba za Barclay de Colly "Scudthian" yateje imbaga y'amagambo yo kwamagana "ubuhemu" bwe kuri Tsar Alexandre, harimo no gutera imigambi.
Ariko, ingabo z'Uburusiya zakomeje kwitegura mu buryo mu buryo mu buryo, ziganisha ku rupfu rw'Abafaransa bizeye. Nubwo yari ku buryo bwo ku nkombe yerekeza i Smolensk, abafaransa batangiye kwihanganira gutsindwa, igitutu ku mwami ku mwami ku bugizi bwa nabi ndetse n'abanyacyubahiro biyongereye, kandi Alexandre ahatirwa gukuraho Mikhail Bogdanovich nubwo yari iyicara, igitutu ku mwami ku mwami ku bajeneku n'abagiranye ubukana, kandi Alexandre ahatirwa gukuraho Mikhail Bogdanovich nubwo yari iyicara ry'umwami ku Mwami w'abibumbye ku mwami ku rukiko ku baturage ndetse n'abanyacyubahiro biyongera ko ari Mikhail Bogdanovich. Ingabo ziyobowe na Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov. Na none, Barclay yatanze umwami ngo ayirukane mu gisirikare, igisubizo atategereje.
Nyuma, Mikhail Bogdanovich yanditse ko icyifuzo cye nyamukuru mu rugamba rwa Borodino kwari ugukomeza kuguma ku rugamba rwabaguye. Ibyiringiro byayo ntabwo byateganijwe gusohora, ariko ubutwari bwa Barclay bwasubiye aho abajenerali nabasirikare basanzwe.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mikhail Bogdanovich yatekereje ku nshingano ye yo gukora umurimo, bityo rero komanda nta mwanya afite ku buzima bwe. Ariko, mu 1791 yakomeje arongora mubyara Elena Augustis Eleone Von Smithten. Mu bashakanye Elena yibarutse abana benshi, ariko umwe muri bo yarokotse - Ernst Magnus Kanama. Usibye Umwana, abakobwa batatu badafite Frero - Carolina, Anna na Catherine barezwe n'imigenzo ishaje mu muryango wa Barclay de Toll.
Ernnt yajyaga mu kirenge cya se ahitamo umwuga wa gisirikare, amaze kugera ku mutwe wa koloneli. Ernst yashakanye kabiri, ariko ntabwo yasize abana muri ubwo bukwe - Barclay de Tolly yarangije kuri yo.
Urupfu
Mu 1812, Mikhail Bogdanovich yavuye mu mwanya wa minisitiri wa gisirikare, atashimye cyane intambara n'Abafaransa yatsindiye ingabo ze. Umusatsi wahoze ari intwaza wagiye muri rusange kugirango atezimbere ubuzima. Uburyo bwose yaherekejwe n'imivumo no gusuzugura abantu.
Ariko, bidatinze nyuma yo gukira Mikhail Bogdanovich, bongeye guhamagarira urwego rw'ingabo, aho yahawe neza imihango ku giti cye mu bukangurambaga bw'amahanga, yahawe umutwe w'igikomangoma. Intego y'umuryango yari amagambo "ubudahemuka no kwihangana", kandi ikote ry'intwaro za Barkiroev ririmo ibiranga umurimo udahinduka n'ubudahemuka kuri Segaba.
Mu gihe cy'itumba cyo mu 1818, Barclay yumvise kwangirika mu buzima kandi basaba uruhushya rwo kwivuza mu Budage, ariko bapfira mu nzira yo ku ya 14 Gicurasi 1818. Ingamba nkuru zu Burusiya muri leta za Baltique zishyinguwe.
Amashusho yumugaba w'ibibuga byinshi n'amafoto ashingiye ku gishushanyo cyumuhanzi george dow.
Kwibuka
- 1823 - Mausoleum Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly
- Urwibutso rwo mu mva y'umugaba i Yypeves, ku kibanza cya Kazan cya St. Petersburg, muri Smolensk, igihome cyera
- Ishusho muri Filime "Kutuzov", "imigambi", intambara n'amahoro "
- 1962 - Ikirango hamwe nishusho ya Barclay de Toll
- 2012 - Igice cya CBR cyerekana Barclay de Toll