Ubuzima
Izina ryumusizi wicyongereza wa John Donna rihagaze mumurongo umwe hamwe na William Shakespeare na Philip Sidney. Uhagarariye cyane ishuri ryimiterere mumivugo yahujije amahame ya Polar. Abbot y'urusengero, nta torero rya Gatolika, cyangwa Angilinal ridahagije. Umwanditsi winyigisho adafite isura nziza kwisi nibisigo ntabwo aribyo byose byuzuyemo amafaranga no kuvuga. Hagati y'ibisigo bya donna, aryamye ku mico ya renaissance na Baroque, hari umuntu n'ubushobozi bwayo, guhuza umurimo w'ibyiyumvo n'ubwenge bwamarangamutima nubwenge.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Muri biografiya ya John Donna Hariho Ukuri - Itariki y'amavuko yukuri ntazwi. Mu masoko atandukanye, bigaragazwa na 21 Mutarama, cyangwa icyuho kuva ku ya 24 Mutarama kugeza 19 Kamena 1572. John yavukiye mumuryango wumucuruzi wo hagati. Dukurikije umurongo wa Mama, yari afitanye isano na PlayWoght John Hawewood n'umuhanga mu bya filozofiya, Uwiteka Minisitiri w'Ubwongereza Thomas Maorma. Umuryango wahawe kwizera gato Gatolika ku buryo nyuma yaje kugira ingaruka ku byo umuntu akunda ndetse no kwa Yohana.
Ku myaka itatu, umuhungu yagumye adafite se. Mama yashakanye na Perezida w'ishuri ry'ubuvuzi bwa cyami ya John Simide. Mugihe cyimyaka 10, donn yari azi Ikilatini n'Igifaransa. Mu babyeyi 12 bohereje John muri stade yambere muri kaminuza ya Oxford.
Muri iki gihe, mu Bwongereza, yatsinze imbaraga z'Umwuka w'Ivugurura, kandi mu 1586 umusore yagiye muri kaminuza y'Ubutatu yerekeza Cambridge. Ariko kandi, nta n'umwe muri kaminuza ya kabiri cyangwa muri kaminuza ya kabiri ntiyabonye impamyabumenyi umwana muto, kubera ko yanze kurahira ibinyuranye na kantine ya Kiliziya Gatolika. Uwahohotewe n'amakimbirane y'amatorero abiri yari umuvandimwe wa Yohani, Henry waje muri gereza azira guhisha umutambyi. John yashoboye kurangiza amategeko yishuri Lincolnz Inn.
Usibye siyanse yemewe, umusizi yize indimi na tewolojiya. Ibisigo na theatre byaguye muruziga rwinshi. Ariko mugihe cyo kwiga no kurangiza, John yanyerera kimwe cya kabiri umurage murugendo nimyidagaduro. Donn yabayeho muri Espagne, Ubufaransa n'Ubutaliyani mu myaka itari mike, aho yiganye umuco n'indimi z'ibi bihugu. Byongeye kandi, yagize uruhare muri pirate ya Walter Rali, umwe mu bayobozi batsinzwe na Armat ya Espagne, na Robert Devroe, Graf Essex.
Mu 1601, John yatowe na Depite w'umuryango w'imiryango. Kuva ku ya 1605 yakoraga nk'umufasha wungirije wa Thomas Morson, umunyamuryango w'abaporotesitanti n'umwanditsi w'imirimo, tekereza Gatolika y'Abaroma. Muri kaminuza 1610 ya Oxford, umutware wa shebuja washinze Shebuja. Mu 1615, John yagizwe Kapering ya Yakov. Nyuma y'umwaka, Donn yakiriye umwarimu wa tewolojiya muri Alma Mater - Ishuri Lincolnz-Inn.
Ubuvanganzo
Abashakashatsi ba Conn Donn baje bazenguzi ko umusizi yatangiye kwandika ibisigo mu ntangiriro ya 90 ya XVI. Ariko mu buzima bw'akazi ntibatangajwe, imyizerere n'imisembe by'idini byari bizwi. Igikorwa cye cya mbere cyatanzwe kuri 1593. Mu "gitabo cya Satir Donna", Umwanditsi yagerageje guhagarika gucamo impongo ku isi iterwa no guhangana n'itorero, gushakisha ingingo yo gushyigikira mu buzima.
Mu 1597, mu kirenge cyo mu rugendo rwa Azores cyanditswe na "Umuyaga" na "Shtil". Ibintu bisanzwe byerekanye ko John Fragility yo kubaho kwabantu, bityo bishimangira umusore kwizera Imana.
Mugihe cya serivisi kuri Sir Thomas, umusizi yabonye urumuri rwo hejuru. Elegi yanditse na we, Sonnets yari akunzwe na Beaujda. Umwanditsi yabonye abakunzi bo mu rwego rwo hejuru, umwami wa Yakov nahamagaye igisigo cy'intanga Imana.
Mu 1601, John Donn yanditse "gusezera, habuza akababaro" kwiyegurira umugore we. Iyi ni imwe mu mivugo izwi cyane y'urukundo. Ntigomba gusobanurwa neza nigitekerezo cyurukundo rwumusizi kandi kigaragaza imigenzo yurukundo amagambo ya renaissance.
Umuryango munini n'ingorane zumubiri zabayeho kuberanngiki ku idini kandi uhakana kwandika "La Corona" na "Soneya Wera". Ariko niba muburyo bwa mbere haracyari intego ishimishije idyine, hanyuma inyandiko ya kabiri irasenyutse no kwiheba, kubabara, kwihana ubuzima budafite Imana idafite Imana. Mu bahungu, Yohana yabonye ubuhamya bw'igihe cy'ubuzima bwa Kristo n'isugi Mariya.
Mu 1607, John, hatangiye ibibazo by'imbere, byatangiye gucukumbura ikibazo cyo kwiyahura. Imbuto z'igitekerezo ni igitabo "Biatanatos". Kuba umunyamategeko, donn yegereye kwamburwa kubushake nkumwe munzira zo kwica.
Icyerekezo cyawe cy'ishusho cy'isi donn yagaragaje mu isabukuru yambere "yanditswe. Muri icyo gihe, imyanzuro yabonetse mugihe cye yiyoroshya ko yiyoberanya nkubwenge butandukanye mubantu batewe no kuvugurura itorero.
Muri 1611 yasohoye itandukaniro rya Polemique "Ignatius n'umusopindo we", yategetse abajebera. Igitabo cyahawe ishimwe riva ku mwami wa Yakov I. Mu musigo "Isabukuru ya kabiri", cyasohotse mu 1612, Donn yibajije icyo roho yari akeneye. Kandi byaje kurangiza ko umuntu atazabona igisubizo mubitekerezo bimwe.
Yohana yashishikarije agatabo ke ku ngingo z'amadini. Umwami asanze umubwiriza mwiza azava muri Yohana. Donn yakomeretse kandi mu 1615 yemeye umutambyi mukuru. Nyuma yimyaka itatu, yakiriye urugero rwa Dr. Tewolojiya ya Kaminuza ya Cambridge. Ariko mbere yo kwemera ko San John yagombaga gutsinda: Yari azi amakosa ye kandi yizera ko bidakwiye gukurikiza. Gushidikanya Yohana byavuzwe mu gisigo "Ku wa gatanu Nziza", byanditswe mu mpeshyi 1613.
Kuva mu 1621 'Dhann - Abbot ya Katedduel ya Mutagatifu Pawulo i Londres, imwe muri katedrali nini yo mu Burayi yigihe. Byongeye kandi, mu myaka ya 162 yashyizweho n'umucamanza w'isi yose muri Kent no kuryama, umucamanza wa komisiyo y'ubuzima ku nkiko z'itorero. Muri kiriya gihe, icyubahiro cy'umwe mubwiriza meza yo mu gihe cyaje kuri Yohana.
Harangira 1623, donn yararembye cyane. Yohana afite hagati yubuzima nurupfu, ntabwo yahagaritse gukora, ashakisha imiterere yumuntu. Umukino wanyuma wibitekerezo ni umurimo wa filozofiya "uhamagarire Uwiteka kumasaha n'ibiza."
Igitabo gikubiyemo ibice byinshi. Buri wese igizwe n'ibice bitatu: "Gutekereza", "Guhugura" na "Isengesho". Ahari amagambo azwi cyane ava mu nyigisho - ibi
"Nta muntu uzamera nk'ikirwa, ubwayo, umuntu wese afite igice cy'umugabane, igice cya Sushi ... urupfu rwa buri muntu ruransuzumishije, kuko ndi umwe ufite ubumuntu bwose, bityo nanjye ndi Ntubaze, inzogera irahamagarira: Araguhamagarira ".Amagambo yo muri serivisi yo gusenga yakoreshejwe na Ernest Hemingway mu izina ry'igitabo cy'Igitabo cy'Intambara yo muri Espanye.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Yagarutse mu 1598 avuye mu rugendo, yinjiye mu munyamabanga wa serivisi y'uwo munyamategeko Elizabeli, Elizabeli wo mu Kicamasiye ya cyami Sir Thomas Ejeton. Mbere yuko umusore akinguye ingero nini. Ariko mu 1601, Yohana yabuze aya mahirwe, arongora rwihishwa kwa mwishywa wumukoresha Anna Mor.Umwaka umwe, urukiko rwemeje ko ubuzimaga bwo gushyingirwa, kandi mu 1609 gusa, se wa Ana yababajwe n'ubukwe bungana bw'umukobwa we. Abashakanye batuye mumisatsi yumugore wumugore. Mubyara Ana, Sir Francis Walley, yajyanye na Yohani.
Hafi ya buri mwaka abana bagaragaye mumuryango, ariko kuva 12 barokotse umunani. Kugereranya umwana wanyuma mu 1617, Anna yarapfuye. Ahari urupfu rw'abana cyangwa indi mibabaro yo mu mwuka yayoboye Donna mu kinyejana cya Gatolika ku rusengero rwa Anglican
Urupfu
Mu 16330, John yarohamye indwara. Abbot ya katedrali ya Mutagatifu Pawulo yapfuye mu 1631. Yahambwe.
Igishushanyo cyadushushanyije cya Donna cyashyizwe hejuru yimva, cyakozwe namabwiriza ye mbere y'urupfu.
Bibliografiya
- 1601 - "Gusezera nabi kubuza umubabaro"
- 1607 - "LA Corona"
- 1611 - "Ignatius n'umusomyi we"
- 1612 - "Anatomy y'isi"
- 1624 - "Ubujurire Uwiteka ku isaha n'ibiza"
- 1631 - "Duel y'urupfu"