Ubuzima
Cardinali Richelieu cyangwa Cardinal atukura benshi bazi igitabo cya Alexander Duma "Abanyeshuri batatu". Ariko abadasomye uyu murimo, birashoboka ko barebye ecran ye. Umuntu wese yibuka imico ye iduka hamwe nubwenge butyaye. Imiterere ya Richeleu iri mu banyamerika, ibyemezo bikomeje ibiganiro muri sosiyete. Yasize ikimenyetso nk'iki mu mateka y'Ubufaransa ko igishushanyo cye cyashyize kumurongo umwe na Napoleon Bonaparte.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Izina ryuzuye Cardinal ARman Jean Du Pleb De Richelieu. Yavutse ku ya 9 Nzeri 1585 i Paris. Se Francoisu ya Pleb De Richelieu yari umukozi wo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu Bufaransa, yakoraga i Henrich wa III, ariko yagize amahirwe yo gukorera henry iv. Nyina wa Susanna de La Port yabaye umunyamategeko. Ababyeyi bari bafite umwana wa kane. Umuhungu yari afite benewabo bakuze - alfons na Heinrich, na bashiki bacu babiri - nicole na Francoise.
Kuva mu bwana, umuhungu yatandukanijwe n'ubuzima budakomeye, nuko ahitamo gukina ibitabo urungano. Mu myaka 10 yinjiye muri kaminuza ya Navarre i Paris. Yongeyeho kwiga, mu mpera z'ishuri rya kaminuza yari afite Ikilatini, yavuze mu Butaliyani n'Icyesipanyoli. Muri icyo gihe kimwe nashimishijwe n'amateka ya kera.
Igihe Arman yari afite imyaka 5, yapfuye azize umuriro. Yari afite imyaka 42. Francois yasize umuryango w'imyenda. Tugarutse mu 1516, Heinrich III yashyikirije umubyeyi umwanya wa ARMman w'umuntu wUmwuka wo mu mwuka, kandi nyuma y'urupfu rwe niyo soko yonyine y'imari ku muryango. Ariko mubihe, umuntu yagombaga kwinjira muri san san mumuryango.
Mu ikubitiro, byateguwe ko umuhererezi mu bahungu batatu Arman yakurikiza inzira ya Data kandi akakorera mu rukiko. Ariko mu 1606 umuvandimwe wo hagati yanze muri Bipipia ajya kwa monasiteri. Kubwibyo, kuri 21, Arman Jana du plesi de Richelieu yagombaga gufata ibi. Ariko ahari nkiri muto, San yumwuka ntabwo yeguriwe Imana.
Kandi byabaye amayeri ye ya mbere. Yagiye i Roma kwa papa kugira ngo abone umwanzuro. Ubwa mbere yabeshye imyaka ye, ahabwa San, arihana. Bidatinze, Richelieu yarwaniye impamyabumenyi ye ya dogiteri kuri tewolojiya i Paris. Arman Jean Du Pleb De Richelieu yabaye umubwiriza muto w'urukiko. Heinrich IV yamwitaga "umwepiskopi wanjye". Birumvikana ko ibyo hafi y'umwami bitahaye abandi bantu ku gikari.
Kubwibyo, bidatinze, ubuki bwumwuga, Richelieu ararangiye, asubira kuri Diyosezi ye. Ariko, ikibabaje ni uko nyuma y'intambara z'amadini, diyosezi ya Lesonskaya yari mu bihe bibi - abakene kandi batesha agaciro mu karere. Arman yashoboye gukosora ibintu. Munsi ye yo gutangira, Katedrali yagaruwe, abasepiskopi bagaruwe, atuwe. Hano muri Cardinal batangira kwerekana abashinzwe ivugurura.
Politiki
Mubyukuri, Cardinal Richelie yatandukanijwe n '"ikibi" cye cy'ubuvanganzo. Yari umunyapolitiki ufite impano kandi yubwenge. Yakoze byinshi mubukuru bw'Ubufaransa. Imva ye amaze gusurwa na Petero I, yavuze ko azaha iyi minisitiri, niba yarafashije gucunga igice cya kabiri. Ariko duma yari afite ukuri iyo nerekanye Richelieu mubitabo numufana wa stom amayeri. Cardinal yabaye uwashinze umuyoboro wambere wa Espionage mu Burayi.
Richelieu ahura na Maria Medici na Akunda Konchino Konchini. Yahise atsinda icyizere, aba umukozi mu biro by'umwamikazi. Ashyirwaho n'umudepite wa leta rusange. Yigaragaza neza inyungu z'abayobozi b'amadini bashobora kwishyura amakimbirane hagati y'ibicuruzwa bitatu. Kubera umubano wa hafi kandi wizera Umwamikazi, Richelie atera abanzi benshi mu rukiko.
Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, Louis XIII, wari ufite imyaka 16 muri kiriya gihe, ahuye nubugambanyi kurwanya umukunzi wa nyina. Birashimishije kubona ko RicheLu azi ubwicanyi bwateganijwe bwo kurangiza, ariko ntibububurira. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Louis yicaye ku ntebe y'ubwami, yoherejwe ku murongo ujya mu gihome cya blois, na Richelieu - muri Leson.
Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, Maria Mecissi yatorotse yirukanye kandi yubaka gahunda zo guhirika umuhungu we bwite ku ntebe y'ubwami. Ibi biremera Richelie kandi bihinduka umuhuza hagati ya Medici na Louis XIII. Umwaka umwe, amasezerano y'amahoro yashyizweho umukono hagati ya nyina n'umuhungu. Birumvikana ko inyandiko yanditse mu nyandiko no kugaruka kwa karidinali ku gikari cya cyami.
Muri icyo gihe, Richelieu n'inzobere ku mwami, bidatinze aba minisitiri wa mbere w'Ubufaransa. Muri iyi nyandiko nyinshi, yakoreye imyaka 18.
Benshi bizera ko intego nyamukuru y'ingoma ye yari ikungahaye ku giti cye no gushaka imbaraga zitagira ingano. Ariko sibyo. Cardinal yashakaga guhindura Ubufaransa kandi bwigenga, yashakaga gushimangira imbaraga za cyami. Nubwo ubucanyi bufashe San yumwuka, yitabiriye amakimbirane yose ya gisirikare, yinjiye mu Bufaransa muri ako kanya. Gushimangira umwanya wa gisirikare cy'igihugu, umukaridinali yakoze iyubakwa ry'amato. Yafasha kandi guteza imbere umubano mushya w'ubucuruzi.
Richelieu yakoze ivugurura ry'ubutegetsi ku gihugu. Minisitiri w'intebe w'Ubufaransa yabujije Duel, arumishije amaposita, ashinga imyanya yashyizweho n'umwami.
Ikindi kintu gikomeye mubikorwa bya politiki bya karidinali itukura ni uguhagarika kwigomeka kwa Hutuenov. Kubaho k'umuryango nk'urwo byari Richelieu ntabwo ari ukuboko.
Kandi igihe cyo mu 1627, amato yo mu Bwongereza yigaruriye igice cy'inkombe z'Abafaransa, ku giti cye yakoresheje ubuyobozi bw'ibikorwa bya gisirikare hamwe n'ikigo cy'abaporotesitanti cya La Rochelle cyafashe igihome cy'abaporotesitanti. Abantu ibihumbi 15 gusa ni bo bapfuye bazize inzara, kandi mu 1629 barangije iki ntambara y'idini y'idini.
Cardinali Richelieu yagize uruhare mu iterambere ry'ubuhanzi, umuco n'ubuvanganzo. Ku ngoma ye, kuvuka ubwako Sorbonne bibaho.
Richelieu yagerageje kwirinda uruhare rw'Ubufaransa mu myaka mirongo itatu, ariko mu 1635, igihugu cyinjiye mu makimbirane. Iyi ntambara yahinduye ishyirwa mu burayi mu Burayi. Ubufaransa bwasohotse uwatsinze. Igihugu cyerekanaga urusukiriro cya politiki, ubukungu n'ubukungu, kandi cyange ku mbibi.
Abayoboke b'amadini yose yabonaga uburenganzira bungana mu bwami, kandi ingaruka z'ibintu by'amadini ku buzima bw'ibihugu byacitse intege. Kandi nubwo umukarito utukura atabayeho mbere yuko intambara irangira, intsinzi muri iyi ntambara Ubufaransa bugomba kubanza muri byose.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Umugore wumwami Louis XIII yari infina Anna Astna Austray Otirishiya Oustram. Kwatura kwashyizweho umukaridinali Richelieu. Umukobwa yari umwanda ufite amaso yubururu. Kandi umukaridinali yakunze. Kubwa Anna, yari yiteguye kuri byinshi. Kandi ikintu cya mbere yarakoze, nuko imurabarira n'umwami. Umubano wa Anna na Louis wabaye impanuka kuburyo bidatinze umwami areka gusura icyumba cye. Ariko umwanzuro wungutse aho, bamaranye umwanya munini mubiganiro, ariko, nkuko byagaragaye, Anna ntiyabonye ibyiyumvo bya karidinali.
Richelieu yumvise ko Ubufaransa bukeneye umuragwa, nuko mfata icyemezo cyo "gufasha" Anna muri iki kibazo. Ibyo byatumye arakara, avuga ko muri iki gihe, Louis rwose "hari ikintu kizabaho" kandi umwami azahinduka umukaridinari. Nyuma yibyo, umubano wabo wangiritse cyane. Richelieu yarababajwe no kwanga, Ana - icyifuzo. Mu myaka myinshi, Richelie ntiyigeze aruhuka umwamikazi, yashyize amageranga kandi acira amacandwe. Ariko amaherezo, umukaridinali yashoboye gufata Anna na Louis, yibaruka umwami w'abazungura babiri.
Anna Otirishiya - byari ibyiyumvo bikomeye bya karidinali. Ariko birashoboka ko ikomeye nka Ana, Richelieu yakundaga injangwe. Kandi ibyo biremwa byijimye gusa byari biboshye rwose. Ahari itungo rye rizwi cyane ryari injangwe yumukara, yagaragaye kuri karidinal mugihe cyo kurugamba numupfumu. Ariko umukundwa yari Mariam - injangwe yoroheje-yera. By the way, uwambere mu Burayi afite injangwe mu bwami bwa Angora, yazanywe ankara, amwita Mimi-poinon. Undi akundiriye izina rya make, ko mu guhindura bisobanura "imyitwarire yoroshye cyane."
Urupfu
Mu gatasi ko ku 1642, ubuzima bwa Richelie yangiritse cyane. Ntabwo amazi akiza, cyangwa gushimira amaraso byafashije. Umugabo yabuze ubwenge. Abaganga basuzumwe - Pursulent Suruleyy. Yagerageje uko ashoboye kugira ngo akomeze gukora, ariko imbaraga ze ziragenda. Ku ya 2 Ukuboza, Louis XIII ubwe yasuye ipfa ripfa. Mu kiganiro n'umwami wa Cardinari watangaje ko uzasimbura - babaye kardinal mazarini. Nanone, intumwa za Anna Otirishiya na Gaston Orleans zasuwe.
Ntabwo yamusize muminsi yanyuma mwishywa wa Duchess de Pipiyon. Yiyemereye ko amukunda cyane ku isi, ariko ntiyashaka gupfa mu ntoki. Nuko asaba umukobwa kuva mucyumba. Padiri Leon yaje aho yari ageze mu mwanya wa karidinali. Richeliete yapfuye ku ya 5 Ukuboza 1642 i Paris, amushyingura mu itorero ku butaka bwa Sorbonne.
Ku ya 5 Ukuboza 1793, abantu batsinze imva ya Richelieu mubibazo byiminota, binjire mu mva mu mva muminota mike. Abahungu kumuhanda wakinnye umutware wa kardinali, umuntu araboroga urutoki hamwe numva, kandi umuntu akurura mask ya posita. Nkigisubizo, ibi nibintu bitatu byagumye kumuvugurura ukomeye. Muburyo bwa Napoleon wa III, 15 Ukuboza 186, ibisigazwa byasubitswe.
Kwibuka
- 1844 - Abaroma "Abagabo batatu", Alexander Duma
- 1866 - Umuroma "Sphinx", Alexandra Duma
- 1881 - Gushushanya "Karidinali Richelieu kugotwa La Rochelle", Henri Mot
- 1885 - Gushushanya "kuruhuka Cardinal Richelieu", Charles Edward Delor
- 1637 - "Igishushanyo cya gatatu cya Cardinla Richeeu", Filipo de Champagne
- 1640 - Gushushanya "Cardinali Richelieu", Filipo de Champagne
- 1939 - Malmventure Film "MINI MINI MISK MASK", James Wale
- 1979 - Urukurikirane rwa Soviet "d'Artagnan nabanyeshuri batatu", Georgy Jungvald-Khilkevich
- 2009 - Ibikorwa bya Adventure "Musketeers", Paul Anderson
- 2014 - Ikinamico yamateka "Richelieu. Mantle n'amaraso, Henri Elf