Ubuzima
Protopop avvakum - Imiterere irasobanutse kandi ivuguruzanya. Padiri, abibwira ko abakera bayoboye ku ntera ya Mutagatifu, ntibamenye igice cya kabiri kandi barabangamiye. Kuberako kamere ikabije no kwitegura "roho gushyira intama, yangaga abanzi n'abayoboke.
Ububasha bwe muri Xvii bwari bunini: Abayoboke bitwa Avvakum n'abakiranutsi n'abahowekera umumaritiritezwa. Velmazbi na bake, bakurikiza imico yubuntu yangaga ikibazo gikaze. Padiri yarakubiswe, ajugunywa mu myangavu nta biryo n'imyambaro, yerekeza ku mugama wa Siberiya, ariko mu mwuka no guhamya Avvakum nta muntu n'umwe cyangwa velmazby.
Kamere imwe yose, Orverted Orarch numubwirizabutumwa, ubuvugizi bwukuri bwa orotodogisi na filozofiya yimitungo ishaje - yerekanye urugero, bivuze kurwana kugeza imperuka.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Avvakum Petrovich Petrov yavukiye mu mudugudu wa Grigorovo Nizhny Novhy Intara ya 1620. Urugero rw'umubwiriza uzaza hamwe n'umujyanama wo mu mwuka wizera wa kera yari mama. Maria (nyuma nari muri umubikira maze mbona izina rya Marfa) ryazanywe avwakum mu gihirahiro no mu "mu mwuka. Aphering to ortodox ya kera ya orotodogisi, mvugira mu masengesho kandi akabandira igihe cyo ku kazi, umugore yazamuye umuhungu we "gutinya Imana."
Data - Umutambyi wa paruwasi yushingiraga - yapfuye igihe umuhungu yujuje imyaka 15. Nk'uko AVvakum abitangaza ngo se yakundaga kunywa, niyo mpamvu itera urupfu hakiri kare.
Kuri 22 Avvakum Petrov kugira ngo yiteze umwete mu kwizera no gukurikiza amategeko y'Imana yakozwe n'intoki.
Ubuzima n'inyigisho
Nyuma yimyaka 2, Avvakum yahaye paruwasi yitorero muri Lopaders - Umudugudu wa Nizhny Novgorod. Umusore wa pop, usaba we nubushyo, gukubita ingeso zabafatanyabikorwa, guhana no ibyaha bito. Nta mwicecekere, nta mukene wariho, cyangwa ibiti, watanze amafaranga menshi ku rusengero.
Umunsi umwe, harcica ukiri muto yaje kwatura avvakum. Dukurikije kanono z'itorero, yasobanuye mu buryo burambuye ibyaha, kandi niba ubwenge butavuye kuri padiri, kuko umubiri wigometse. Kugira ngo umucenge, Pop nyuma yo kwatura imikindo yaka hejuru ya buji eshatu zaka. Ububabare bwatsindiye ibyifuzo by'ibyaha, kandi abayoboke ba paruwasi yubaha umupadiri kabiri, bagera kuri Avvakum.
Kubikorwa byo gukiranuka no kubahiriza amategeko ya orotorigisi Avvakum yahaye umutwe wa Archipptale - Protopopo. Ibihuha byerekeranye na se ukaze, utandukanijwe na plump ikabije, yazengurutse akarere. Isinzi ry'abizera kubera inama n'imigisha byaramwegereye.
Protopop avvakum yamenyekanye ko ari uzwi cyane nka Exorcist. Yahawe uburwayi bwumutwe numusazi, aho umwuka wanduye wunze ubumwe. Akenshi padiri yabasize "kugirango bavure" murugo rwe.
Umugisha uturuka kuri Avvakum Protopopa wa Avvakum yitwaga Ibyishimo na basabiriza, kandi bikize. Vai Vasily SHEEFremev, wagenze kuruhande rwa Volga, yifuzaga kubona se uzwi. Padiri yajyanywe mu bwato, maze habaho ikiganiro kidacogora cya voivo cyasabye umugisha kuri murumuna we. Matayo Sherefetyeva yazanywe kuri protopope Avvakum, ariko yabonye "umusore" (yagerageje ubwanwa), yangaga kureka imvururu.
Umwe arakaye yategetse kuva ivwakum mu ruzi, kandi igitangaza cyabashije kurokora ubuzima - abarobyi bageze ku gihe.
Kubabaza no kurwanya imyidagaduro y'ubwoko bwose, Avvakum yaje kunyeganyega, abona abaturage muri Lopatrians. Igihe circuschi ifite idubu n'ibikoresho bya muzika yaje mu mudugudu, protopop yihutiye kujya mu kigo gisekeje. Circus yishwe, Tambourine na Domra bavunitse, idubu imwe yakomeretse, naho uwa kabiri ahunga mu murima.
Protopope ya Avvakum ntiyatinye gucecekesha abakene, kunyeganyega nabakene. Umupfakazi yinubiye ko umukobwa we yatwaye umukobwa we, umutambyi, atabitekereje. Venels yatsinze avwakum petrovich kugeza muri kimwe cya kabiri cyapfuye kandi zangiza inzu.
Mu gihe gito yakoreye Avvakum protopop ya Avvakum no muri Yuryvts-Pobetsky, aho yahinduwe kuva mu mudugudu wa Lopatine. Umujinya mwinshi w'ababwiriza kandi hano niwe watumye amakimbirane ari abaparuwasi badashaka gukomera ku batasanzwe ba kera ntabwo ari amabwiriza y'umwungeri. Avvakunda yatsinze Batuga na nyamugigira gukandagira, amutera ubwoba n'umuryango. Abizera bashaje bihunze muri Moscou muri 1651.
Mu murwa mukuru, protopop avvakum, mu gihe cya none cy'umwami, yagiranye inshuti n'Umwami wa kwatura na sekuruza w'izaza Nikon. Hamwe na Yozefu, umusekuruza Yozefu, umupadiri yagize uruhare mu gusohora ibitabo. Igihe yaparaga kwa Ogann ya Katedrali ya Kazan ya Yohana yakuwe ku rusengero rw'itorero, mu nzu ya Atvakum yarahagaze, padiri we ayisimbuza.
Bidatinze, ubucuti na Nikoton bwahindutse urwango: Filozofiya ya orotodophip yashishikarijwe ku kwizera kw'icyitegererezo cya kera, Padiri Nikon wafashe umwanya wa Cofuriya, yifata itorero. Ikigereki cya Arseny cyagaragaye i Moscou. Ibyifuzo bya Nikon n'ibitabo byo mu buryo bw'ibitabo by'Abagereki, mu gihe Achvakum yabwiwe kuri orotodogisi ishaje mu Burusiya. Protopopi ya Avvakum yahindukiriye umwami hamwe n'icyifuzo, aho Nikon yanenze kandi imihango y'Abagereki.
Mu gatasi ko ku 1653, ibicuruzwa bishaje byatotejwe - yajyanywe mu bunyage yerekeza muri Andronikov. Muri foromaje mu rugo, Avvakum yasezeranije iminsi itatu, ariko ntiyatsinda. Nikon yategetse ko yinjije kwigomeka, ariko umwami ntiyamwemereye, asimbuza kwamburwa umurongo wa Sana kuri tobolsk.
Muri Tobolsk, protopop avvakum yakomeje guhagarika no kunengwa na Niconing, aho yiswe TABBAILIYA. Ngaho umubwiriza yanenze nyir'akarere - Urugendo rwa Nerchinsky Pashkov. Yatsinze Avvakum ashyira mubugari bwimbeho.
Mu mpeshyi, kwigomeka byari biyemeje muri iki gikorwa, cyimukiye mu burasirazuba unyuze kuri Baikal, Amur na Shale. Abahungu babiri bato ba Avvakum bapfiriye muri uyu muhanda uremereye. Mu 1663, protopop yasubiye i Moscou, aho umwami yahamagaye. Impamvu yubuntu butunguranye yari opal nikon. Umwami yatanze igitekerezo cy'abizera bashaje kuba umwanzuro, ariko yanze, atabonye mu mwami yiyemeje ku kabati ushaje wa orotodogisi.
Bidatinze, protopopi ya Avvakum, kandi sinatekerezaga kwigira umujinya utazima kandi sinifuzaga kuvuga ibyo atekereza byose, tutitaye ku ngaruka, zaje kubanzi bashya. Umufatanyabikorwa ushaje yarwanyije ivugurura ry'Itorero, yarabatijwe na babiri, kandi ntabwo ari intoki eshatu, yakinnye n'umusaraba w'itanu. Umwaka umwe, imbabazi z'Umutegetsi wasimbuwe n'uburakari no kwigomeka, boherejwe mu karere ka Isanduku.
Mu 1666, Avvakum Petrovich yongeye kugaragara i Moscou mu rukiko hejuru ya nikon. Nyuma yo kuzerera cyane, yari ategereje abantu, ariko umubwiriza ahagarara kuri we. Urukiko rw'itorero rwasohoye Avwakum wo mu rusengero rufata impamyabumenyi zera, bitera uburakari no gutanga ANATHEMA ku buyobozi bwa mbere bw'itorero.
Umwaka w'amazi ya Passion, wabitswe mu kigo cy'abihaye Imana hafi ya Kaluga, ariko ntiyavunika. Avvakum yoherejwe ku EMOtork, icyorezo. Muri Srub, kimwe cya kabiri cyibibazo mu gihugu gikonje, umupadiri yamaze imyaka myinshi apfa. Kubwiriza ntibyateye: Kubera ko batagize amahirwe yo kuvugana n'abayoboke, umuyobozi wo mu mwuka yohereje igihugu binyuze mu baturage bizerwa bo mu rwandiko. "Ubuzima" buzwi cyane bwagaragaye, nyuma bwitwa acobiography ya mbere yubuhanzi.
Mantis yatembye yagiye mubwiriza, yitwaga Uwera. Kuva aho ibumoso, yihishe inzandiko mu bakozi. Amagambo ya disikuru yazigamye ab'iyi ubutumwa bwibanga.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Izina ry'abizera bazwi cyane bifitanye isano nabagore babiri - feodosia morozova, bamenyereye abo mu gihe nkumukunzi morozov, numukobwa wa Nastasya Marikovna.
Iya mbere ni umunyeshuri wumwuka wa protopopa ya Avvakum, nka we, yibasiwe no kwizera no gutanga umusaruro. Ye - arakaye, afite amaso yaka - yerekana kosal bikabije. Kimwe n'umujyanama wo mu mwuka, Morozova yarapfuye, ntashaka guhindura imyizerere.
Iya kabiri ni uwo mwashakanye wizerwa wabyaye umugabo we ufite abana icyenda. Ibyiza byabasaza bakuze hamwe byashyigikiraga ubuzima bwe bwose. Nka Avwakum, Nastasya yemeye icyaha cya kera. Bashyingiwe ku bipimo biriho by'urubyiruko: Umugabo we yari afite imyaka 17, umugore we afite imyaka 14. Kuva mu mudugudu umwe, haba mu miryango ikennye, imfubyi.
Abashakanye babayeho, nk'uko byateganijwe ko ari Dosroy: umubwiriza uzaza yashakanye n'umukobwa ayoboye nyina. Ariko urukundo rwiyejejwe: Umugore yakurikiwe cyane n'umugabo we mubyerekeranye kandi azerera. Muri Siberiya, mu nzira yerekeza aho havugwa Tobolsk, udategura gushyira ibidukikije, abahungu babiri bato barapfuye.
Avvakum Petrovich yabonye igitekerezo cyumugore wa orotodogisi mu mugore we witwaga Nastasya "umufasha w'agakiza." Nastasya Markovna yabaye urugero ku bagore b'abashumba, abakatiwe n'ijuru, ku bagore basobanuye mu buzima butuje kandi bwiza kandi bukurikirwa n'abagabo be.
Mu gitabo "igihano kidafite icyaha", Alexander Avdeeko yibutse inkuru yageze ku gihe kigeze mu gihe kiranga umubano w'abashakanye. Yatereranywe n'ikindi kivuga, Nastasya yabajije umugabo we, yamara igihe kingana iki ko padiri aramusubiza ati:
- Markovna! Kugeza gupfa."Byiza, Petrovich, IO na we."
Igisubizo cy'umugore cyahindutse ubwoko bwa motitu yabantu bose bagabanije iherezo ryabagabo be. Anastasia Markovna yapfiriye imbere y'uwo mwashakanye. Urupfu rw'igice cya kabiri, umugabo yarokotse cyane: Inkunga nyamukuru, Umujyanama n'inshuti yagiye.
Urupfu
Nyuma y'urupfu rw'umwami, Alexei Mikhaight Than yajyanye umuhungu wa Fyumdor Alekseevich, abihayimana kandi asezerana. Rezero Avvakum, yizeye ko azashobora kwanga umwami umuhango wanga urugereki, wamwandikiye ibaruwa. Yavuze ko yabonye inzozi zerekeye Batyushka Alexei Mikhailovic, yaka muri Hellish Flame kubera inyigisho za Nikoniya.
Protopop ntiyabaze iyo FYIDOR HEES kandi imushinja "Hula nini mu nzu y'ibwami" kandi itorero ryacitsemo ibice. Muri iki gihe, umwami ahanwe ubugome. Mu 1682, abizera bashaje hamwe na bagenzi be ba Epiphany, Lazar na FYIDor biciwe imbere y'imbaga. Bahambiriye ku mfuruka z'i Srub, bajugunya amashami n'amashami yometse kandi baratwika.
Protopop Avvakum yari azi gutegura iyicwa, yatanze ibitabo n'umutungo uke, shyira ishati yera. Birashimishije kubona yabonaga ko umuriro usukura kandi uhamagarira inshuro nyinshi kwiyita. Mu muriro yapfuye.
Iyicwa ryabaye ku wa gatanu icyumweru gishishikaje. Nk'uko amakuru asabwa abitangaza, iyo ikirimi kirashwe mu kirere, Avvakum yazamuye ikiganza gifite umunwa inshuro ebyiri maze atangara ati:
"Orotodogisi! Niba umusaraba nkuwo uzasenga - ntazapfira mu kinyejana. Kandi ureke uyu musaraba, kandi umujyi uzazana umucanga wawe, ni ho imperuka izarangira! ".Ibintu bishimishije
- Avvakum yitwa sekuruza ijambo ryubusa, prosegishwas prose nubuvanganzo bwikigereranyo. Yitiriwe inyandiko 43, harimo "igitabo cyibiganiro", "igitabo cyuruziga", "igitabo cy'ubusobanuro". Akazi kazwi cyane ni "ubuzima", ubusobanuro bwibitabo byakunzwe muri iki gihe.
- Avvakum protopop - Intwari ya firime 20 ya Nicholas yabonye "kugabana". Ingingo nyamukuru yuruhererekane - Ivugurura ryakozwe na sekuruza wikori Nikon no kurwanya, riyobowe na Avvakum protopop.
- Abizera bashaje bitwa umubwiriza wa mbere wabaye abiyahura mu nyigisho z'amadini z'isi. Mu myaka yakunzwe, umubare wibitsa imbaga wariyongereye. Mu ntangiriro za 1687, abantu barenga 2000 batwitse muri Moleostrovsky. Ku ya 9 Kanama, muri uwo mwaka muri Berezov w'intara ya Olonetsky - zirenga 1000.
- Abizera ba kera bashushanya, basenga Avvakum, batandukanijwe ninyandiko nyinshi kumirima, mu maso h'umwijima. Mu kinyejana cya XVII, orthodoxy yabujije gukora amashusho nk'aya.
- Mu nyandiko za Avvakum yabitse amagambo yitwa "guhanura." Byumvikanyweho bidasanzwe mu myaka ya revolution no ku gihuha by'intambara ya Avvakum: "Uburusiya buhebuje bwa Satani bwakuze buva ku Mana, bwerekanana na Martyr."
- M = Umukunzi we mu nyigisho ze muri "Kaminuza y'Abaturage" yasobanuye rapintory rispitin nk '"imbunda ya protopopa ya Avvakum" mu nzu ya Romayov.
Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, itorero rya kera rya kera ryamujyanye imbere y'abatagatifu, no mu mudugudu wa Grigorohe nyuma y'ikinyejana cya XX rumaze gushyirwaho urwibutso.