Ubuzima
Louis XIII ni umwami w'Ubufaransa na Navarre kuva ku ya 14 Gicurasi 1610. Amateka y'Ubufaransa yinjiye mu izina "kurenganura."
Kamere ye avugwa inshuro nyinshi mubihimbano, cyane cyane mubikorwa byabanditsi b'amabanki azwi, urugero, Alexandre na Duma na Alfred de Vinya. Ariko n'Abafaransa ubwabo bemeza ko ishusho ya Louis XIII muri ibi bitabo iragoretse cyane.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Louis XIII yavutse ku ya 27 Nzeri 1601. Se Heinrich IV yari umwami wa mbere wo muri Tenalwasty. Mama - Maria Medico, ukomoka muri Florence, mukobwa wa Duke Mukuru Tuscany Francesco I. Ubukwe bwa Heinrich na Mariya bwasojwe kugira ngo burinde imbaraga z'ubufaransa mu Bufaransa.
Maria Medico, usibye Louis, yibaruka abandi bahungu batanu, ariko mbere ya benshi babaga Louis XIII na murumuna we Gaston Orleans.
Ubwana Louis yabaga mu gihome cya Saint-Germain-An-lee, Albert de Luin yishora mu burere bwe - ubwinshi bwa Heinrich IV. Yamwigishije guhiga, guhugura imbwa, gusiba Falcons, gucuranga ibikoresho bya muzika. Mu myaka itatu, umuhungu yakinnye buhoro. Mama ntabwo yumvaga Umwana wihariye ku Mwana we, asobanuye ko kuba umwami w'ejo hazaza agomba kuzamurwa mu gahato no guhanwa.
Louis yari intagondwa cyane. Kubwibyo, kugeza ku gushyingirwa ku gikoresho cya Anna Ostricarit cy'uburezi Mariya Medicsi yari ikiboko, kandi Henry IV yari afite ibyo mu rujijo.
Mu 1610, Louis yateye impaka muri ballet ya Dofina. Mu 1615, yitabiriye ballet ya Madame. Kandi kuri azwi cyane "Balleton Ballet" we ubwe yahimbye kandi umuziki, n'imbyino, ndetse yashinze amakositimu. Yagaragaye kandi muriyi ballet mu nshingano z'igice z'umuhinzi n'umucuruzi. Umuhungu yari afite kwibuka cyane, yakundaga gutega amatwi imigani n'amateka yamateka, tekereza ku ikarita ya geografiya.
Igihe Louis yari afite imyaka 8, se w'umwami Heinrich IV yarishwe, abategetsi bimukira i Mary Medisi na Konchino akunda Konchino. Umwami yamenyekanye nk'umuntu mukuru mu 1614, ariko na nyuma y'ibyo imbaraga zagumye mu maboko y'umwamikazi.
Bidatinze, Louis ku nama za Luin yahisemo gukuraho iherezo mo. Ababyeyi bakunda, Medisi yapfuye, Medisi yavuze ko igihome cya blois, kandi Louis aba umwami wuzuye. Ariko afite imyaka 16 gusa rero, kubwukuri amategeko na leta, Albert de umurongo.
By the way, Louis yakuze numwana wa melancholike kandi ubabaza. Hariho gutsindwa hormonal, kugeza kumyaka 23 ntabwo yakuze mumaso ye, kuburyo atakoresheje ibicuruzwa igihe kirekire. Ariko ubwo ubwanwa butangiye gukura, yize kwiyogoshesha, bidatinze yogosha abatware be bose bakoreye abatware be bose, mu gihe yakoze byose mu buryo bushya. Byemezwa ko ari we wahimbye ubwanwa budasanzwe "bwami" hamwe na clina.
Inteko Nyobozi
Muri rusange, Mary Medici mu ngoro, Rikaridinali Richelieu agaragara. Muri iki gihe, Ubufaransa buragabanuka. Igihugu kibangamiwe n'ububasha bukomeye bw'Uburayi - Espagne na Otirishiya. Mu gikari weave amatsiko kandi nibigeragezo.
Umusore ukiri muto wa Louis XIII na Richelie ntibabona ururimi rusanzwe, kandi nyuma y'ubwicanyi bwurupfu, yerekeza kuri karidinali i Luzon. Birumvikana ko Louis abona ubushobozi bwo kuvugurura Rikaridinal Richelieu, ku buryo nyuma y'urupfu rwa Albeli de Lune asubira mu gikari kandi bidatinze aba minisitiri wa mbere.
Intego nyamukuru za Richelie ni ugusenya guhowiho no kugabanya imbaraga zo gushishoza. Politiki ye ihujwe hagaragara no kwamagana, kuneka, impimbano. Ariko Louis ntabwo yaba ibisubizo bikabije. Benshi mu bahagarariye Abanyariste y'Abafaransa barangije ubuzima bwabo ku giti cyabo, kandi ibyifuzo byabo byo gusaba imbabazi mbere yuko umwami akurikira.
Mu 1628, Umwami Louis XIII yemerera ubukangurambaga bwa gisirikare kurwanya abapolisi bakuru, yari mu gihome cya La Rochelle. Mu 1627, amato yicyongereza yagezeyo. Yerekeje ubwo bukangurambaga bwa gisirikare RICHELIEU.
Birumvikana ko ibyemezo byinshi by'Umwami Minisitiri w'intebe byahumuye amaso, mu bibazo bimwe, ntibashakaga kumva na gato. Ariko, mubyukuri, ibibazo bya leta byose byakorewe na Richelieu. Louis umuzamu nk'uwo ntibwaryoheye. Igihe kimwe, kwinubira ikaridinali kuri mugenzi we nkunda cyane na Saint-Maru, yamusabye kumwica. Ariko umugambi mubisha urwanya umuntu hamwe na sisitemu ye ya espionage ntabwo yambitswe ikamba. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Mutagatifu - Mar yiciwe. Bidatinze, Louis yamenye urupfu rwa nyina.
Ibyo bintu bibabaje byababaje umwami, ariko nta mwanya wo kwishora mubabaye. Ubuzima bwe burabyangirika vuba, kimwe na politiki yo murugo mu gihugu, kandi afite ibintu byinshi bituzuye. Richelieu amababi yo ku ya 4 Ukuboza 1642. Nyuma y'urupfu rwe, Louis ku nshuro ya mbere abona amahirwe yo guhindura wenyine.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Kuva mu 1612, Louis yamaze gusezerana na Anna Ocurihare, umukobwa wa Espagne. Nyina Maria Medico yabyitayeho, yaharanira gutakaza hamwe na Esipanye. Ariko Louis XIII ubwe ntabwo yari aherereye mu bagore. Mu masoko amwe, nk'urugero, umurimo wa Emil Mag usobanurwa n'imyumvire myiza ku bakozi ba hafi - abagabo.
Ubukwe hamwe na Anna bwabaye mu Gushyingo 1615. Abashakanye bari bato, bityo ijoro rya mbere ryubukwe bwimuriwe imyaka ibiri. Anna Austriti yahise asubira i Paris afite ibyiringiro byo gushyingirwa no kubaho bishimishije, ariko bidatinze, ariko bidatinze, ariko bidatinze, ariko bidatinze, ariko bidatinze menya ko gushyingirwa n'umwami byari bimaze ku kurakara no kwigunga. Louis ntiyewe mu itumanaho, igihe cyose cyari sudlen kandi yahisemo umuziki wa societe no guhiga.
Albert de Lüin yumvise ko Ubufaransa bukeneye umuragwa, kandi bushyira Louis mu buriri ku bashakanye, ariko uburambe bwatsinzwe kunanirwa, kandi Umwami ukiri muto ntabwo yahuje icyumba cy'umwamikazi. Nyuma yo kuruhuka, ijoro ryahumuriwe turacyatanga imbuto. Anna yaratwite, ariko, ikibabaje, yaciriye gukuramo inda. Ibi byongeye gukuramo Louis kuva uwo bashakanye.
Muri Gicurasi 1625, Paris ageze hamwe nubutumwa bwa diplomasi ya Duke Becingham. Anna akundana, biramugora guhisha ibyiyumvo bye, biganisha ku kuba imyitwarire ye iganiriweho mu nama y'umwami.
Mu 1628, beckingham, hamwe n'ubukangurambaga bwa gisirikare, bageze munsi ya La Rochele, aho yiciwe. Anna Ocuririshiya, amaze kubimenya, yari ababaye cyane. Ariko umwami uko atandukanye. Nyuma y'iminsi mike aya makuru, yategetse Anna kwitabira indorerezi y'urukiko kandi yishimira byinshi kubera imibabaro ye yo mu mutwe.
Muri kiriya gihe, umwami wa Louis asa nkaho akundwa - Francois De Barrada. Amezi atandatu, umusore mwiza "arakura" muri capitaine utuwe na barbones. Ariko umusore yari afite umuriro mwinshi kandi utaravuzwe izina, nuko ahita akundana na Freilina yumwamikazi, kandi umwami yirukanwa.
Mu rukurikirane rw'ibintu, abakundana n'abantu benshi batekereza ko ubumwe bw'umwami n'umwamikazi bwavutse ari umuhungu - Louis Xiv, ejo hazaza "Umwami izuba". Mu 1640, umuhungu wabo wa kabiri yavutse - Filipo I orleans.
Urupfu
Muri Werurwe 1643, Umwami Louis XIII yatangiye gutwika igifu. Yababajwe n'ibitero bitagira ingano byo kuruka, gusimburana no gucibwamo. Bidatinze, yacitse intege ku buryo atanagiye no hanze.
Umwamikazi atazatera imbere ku buriri bw'uwo bashakanye. Ku ya 14 Gicurasi 1643, umwami yarapfuye. Umwaka nigice, yashyinguwe mu mva ya cyami ya Saint-denis iruhande rwa nyina.
Kwibuka
- 1610 - Ishusho "Portrait ya Louis XIII", Ubufaransa Junior Purbus
- 1624 - Gushushanya "kuvuka kwa Louis XIII", Peter Paul Rubens
- 1625 - Ishusho "Louis XIII", Peter Paul Rubens
- 1639 - Gushushanya "Igishushanyo kinini cyimbere cyumwami Louis XIII", Filipo de Champagne
- 1824 - Gushushanya "Sven Louis XIII", Jean Auguste Douck
- 1974 - igitabo "Gushimisha inkuru. Louis cumi na gatatu ", Tallemander de Uruziga
- 2001 - Igitabo cy'Ubufaransa "Noble Ibidukikije bya Louis XIII", Shishkin V. V.
- 2002 - Igitabo "Ubuzima Busanzwe muri Epoch ya Louis XIII", Emil Mag