Ubuzima
Ingmar Bergman ni umuyobozi uzwi ku isi yose w'ikinamico na cinema, uburiganya bwa cinema y'ubukwe, umwanditsi w'umwanditsi n'umwanditsi, wabaye umubyingenzi. Na Bergman numuherwe mwiza, ukora numukinnyi. Amashusho ye ni umurage wa sinema yisi.
Ku nkuru ya Master of Inzotizi zirenga 60 kandi zitarenze 170 zashyizwe ku cyiciro cyimikino 30 yuburayi.
Muri banki y'ingurube ya Suwede 3 "Oscar", hamwe n'igihimbano 6 kuri statuette na mirongo itanu n'ibihembo by'inganda za firime ku isi. Izina ry'umubyeyi wa Scandinaviya washyizwe kumurongo umwe hamwe na treeiel ya brieliiel, akira kurosavavoy na Federico stini.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umukinnyi uzaza muri firime ya Porogaramu yavutse mu mpeshyi ya 1918 mu mujyi wa kera wa kera wa Uppade 70 uvuye i Stockholm. Yazamutse mu muryango wa Luther Pasiteri na mushiki wawe. Abana - Doug, Ingram n'umukobwa wa Margaret - bazanye rigari kandi bakorerwa ibihano bya kaporali.
Inyungu muri cinema nubuhanga bwibihangano bya Ingmara ubwayo kumyaka 9. Kuri Noheri, umuvandimwe mukuru yakiriye umushinga wa firime hamwe n'itara rya kerosene nk'impano. "Amatara ya Magic", kuko igihangano cyitwaga, cyateje inyungu zikomeye muri Bergman ukiri muto. Umuhungu yari arota cyane yo kumurwa kugirango abone, ibyo byatangaga Cratus Guhana Dagi: icyegeranyo gihe gihenze cyumutima wabasirikare.
Ubushakashatsi hamwe na "magicran itara" yaranze intangiriro ya biography yumuyobozi uzaza. Kuri firime yogejwe, nyirarume yafashije umuhungu gushushanya imibare, ingmar ifite agasanduku-kamera yateganijwe hejuru. Filime zambere rero za Bergman ukomeye zagaragaye - Kugwiza.
Mfite imyaka 12, umwangavu yabanje gukora ku marozi y'ikinamico nyayo: bashira ikinamico kuri staptriot ya kizwi - Kanama crocendberg. Umuhungu yemerewe kuba mugihe cyimikorere iri inyuma yabyo, kandi, akomeza guhumeka, yitegereza abakinnyi bakina murugero "Umukino winzozi".
Imyidagaduro no gukora kuri INGMARA BERGMAN kuva igeze mubushakashatsi hamwe numushinga hamwe na theatre ya homemade. Umusore wageragejwe no gucana, imitako, yahimbye ibicuruzwa bishya n'amahitamo yo gukina. Afite imyaka 16, Bergman yagiye mu Budage kubera gahunda yo kuvunja ukwezi n'igice. Ingmar yamenyereye urungano - umunyamuryango wa Hitlergenda - maze ashishikajwe nibitekerezo bya NSDAP.
Mu 1937, Swede w'imyaka 19 yabaye umunyeshuri wa kaminuza i Stockholm. Ariko ingingo zingenzi - ibitabo namateka yubuhanzi - Ingmar yahimbye byibuze: Yabuze muri salle y'urubyiruko, yabaye icyifuzo nyamukuru. Urugo rumaze gutambuka amasomo muri kaminuza ni yo nyirabayazana wo kwita ku rugo rw'ababyeyi.
Bidatinze, Bergman yaje gusiga, atura na Theatre asabwa maze agenda mu ruzinduko. Imikorere yagaragaye kunanirwa, ikinamico yaretse kubaho kandi icyasabwa ntabwo cyari gikorwaga. Bidatinze, Ingmar Bergman, yagumye adafite amafaranga y'ifaranga, atura muri opera Theatre: hari aho umufasha wa Umuyobozi. Mu gihe cye cy'ubusa, yanditse ikinamico bwa mbere.
Film
Inzira ya Bergman iganisha itangira mu myaka ya za 1940. Gukina umusore wumukinyi byashyizwe muri theatre yabanyeshuri. Premiere yatsinze - banditse kuri ba tabloid ya buri munsi. Ariko ikintu cyingenzi - imikorere yakwegereye umuyobozi wa Filime Studio Anders Dyumling. Ingmara yatumiwe muri studio ya firime, yihatira guhindura ibintu byabandi no kwandika ibyabo.
Kwibuka kw'ishuri byahumetswe Ingmar Bergman hamwe n'izina ryo kuvuga "ingendo", waguye mu murima wo kureba Senema ya Victor gatandatu. Bidatinze, Premiere ya Filime, yakiriwe neza abareba n'abanegura film mu rugo, mu bihugu bya Scandinaviya na Amerika.
Mu 1946, igitabo cy'igituba cya Ingmara Bergman - ikinamico "ikinamico". Ifoto yananiwe ku biro by'isanduku, ariko umuyobozi yarasubiwemo vuba: Muri uwo mwaka, abumva babonye imvura ya melorama kubera urukundo rwacu ", yagize icyo ageraho cyane. Ingmar Bergman, mu mbaraga zo mu 1946, watangiye gukora muri ikinamico ya Gothenburg, arota kandi akomeze kurasa film mu bihe byayo, ariko abashinzwe umutekano wa Bergman bashishikajwe no kuvurwa gusa.
Mu 1947, umuyobozi wa Suwede yashoboye gukuraho ishusho ya kane muri Scenario ye - Ikinamico ijyanye n'umuziki uhumye wa piyano "mu mwijima". Filime yaje ku rugamba rw'igihembo kinini cy'iminsi mikuru ya firime muri Venise kandi yatsinze ubucuruzi. Filime ya mbere yumwanditsi Bergman yitwa Gereza yumukara na Slow "Umukara", Premiere yabereye mu mpeshyi yo mu 1949.
1950 yafunguye cineram "impeshyi", nyuma yahamagaye amashusho yingenzi. Abanegura firime n'abakuru bafashe ifoto. Nyuma yo gutuza kwatewe no kwigaragambije sitidiyo ya firime ya Suwede kuri politiki y'imisoro itoroshye mu gihugu, muri Ingmar Bergman yongeye kurasa. Hagati ya 1950, kaseti yo gusetsa "nijoro amwenyura" yaje muri ecran, atari ayandi maremwa, ariko yakiriye igihembo muri Canune.
Mu 1957, Ingmar Bergman yagejeje ku bafana ifoto yinjiye mu kigega cya zahabu cinema cya sinema y'isi - kashe ya Drama "ya karindwi". Ishusho yakuweho mu gihe ntarengwa - muminsi 35 - mu gikari cya studio ya firime. Umuyobozi yahawe igihembo kidasanzwe cy'ubusare.
Bergman yakuye firime kandi akomeza gushyira mubikorwa. Munsi yumwenda wo mu 1957, Umuyobozi yerekanye abaturage ba "Minththrop", wabaye ikintu nyamukuru cya 1950 cyo muri Suweden. Muri uwo mwaka yerekanye urunigi rushya - "Strawberry Polyana", filime iheruka kubakinnyi n'umuyobozi Viktor gatandatu.
Umuseke wa 1960 shobuja yafunguye ifoto "isoko ya devichy", yise "kwigana ibibi bya Kurasava." Ariko abanenga ba firime bakurikiza indi ngingo: Ikinamico yari "Oscar".
Mu 1961, 1962 na 1963, abantu batatu ba Bergman barasohoka, barekuye "akabari k'ukwizera": "Binyuze mu kirahure cyambaye ubusa", "gusabana" no "guceceka". Filime ya mbere yazanwe nibikoresho oscar ya kabiri hamwe no gutoranya idubu. Ishusho ya gatatu yatsinze uburyohe bwa scands: hariho amashusho menshi ya frank cyane. Uburakari bukabije bwatumye umuyobozi n'umuryango, ariko bazana ibyamamare bitaramuka.
Hagati ya za 1960, abari bateraniye aho babonye igihangano gishya cya Shebuja - Umuntu w'ikinamico ry'Urugereko ", mu nshingano nyamukuru zo muri zo Bibi Andersson na Liv Ulman yakinnye. Umushinga uhinda umushyitsi Ibihembo, kandi igihe cyose film yabaye imirimo yaganiriweho ya Matra. Umurongo winyuma munsi ya 1960ss Bergman wayoboye umukara n'umweru urwanya intambara "isoni" na film yonyine mu ntera "isaha y'impyisi".
1970 zaranzwe n'imishinga ine, nyuma nibya kera bya sinema yisi. Ikinamico ya psychologiya "yongorera no gutaka" yarekuwe kuri ecran, umuyobozi wimuka wimuka kubera ikibazo cyimari. Ubukode bwatanzwe Oscar na Grand Prix muri Cannes. Muri rusange, "kwongorera no gutaka" kwakira ibihembo 20 kandi byaguye mu mateka 7. Nta gaciro yakoresheje neza mini-serivance "uhereye kubuzima bwabashakanye" na karasi ya muzika "umwirobyi".
Muri Mutarama 1976, umuyobozi yafunze abapolisi aregwa imisoro. Ifatwa rikurikira no gusiganwa mu bitangazamakuru byarangiye Bergman kugera mu gitambaro gifite ubwoba ndetse n'ibyumweru bitatu byo kwivuza mu bitaro byo mu mutwe. Muri Mata 1976, umuyobozi yavuye iwe mu kwigaragambya ku gitutu cya Bureuuck.
Mu kwimuka, Databuja yafashe Urugereko Melorama "Impeshyi Sonata". Inyuguti nkuru za firime zakinnye cyane Umukinnyi wa Bergman - Liv Ulman, Ingrid Bergman na Lena Nyman. Kuri Hollywood Ingrid Bergman - Matra Strepamilsa - ifoto yabaye imwe mumirimo iheruka.
Mu mahanga, inyenyeri ya Suwede yageze ku bishushanyo 8 byanyuma. Kaseti nziza - "fanny na Alexander", "mu buzima bw'ibikinisho" na "mu maso ya Karin" - yazanye igihimbano "- yazanye ibisigazwa bike kuri banki y'ingurube. Ishuri rya firime rigezweho rya INCMARA Bergman ryasohotse mu 2003: ibi ni "ibi ni ibintu bya spin-off biva mu buzima bw'abashakanye" byitwa "Umusazi".
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ingmar Bergman, nkumuntu wese uhanga, yari umuntu wurukundo kandi ugahinduka. Ubuzima bwe butwikiriye kandi butwikiriye abagore benshi, batanu muri bo babaye abagore. Umuyobozi afite urubyaro icyenda, babiri bavutse mu bukwe.
Umugore wa mbere wa Marta yabaye Els Fisher, umuhanzi uva mu kaga ka Strary Theatre, urwenya urwenya nyuma y'amababi ya kaminuza. Mu 1943, umugore yibarutse uwo bashakanye umukobwa wa Lena.
Nyuma yimyaka 2, aho bitari bitaye gufata inshuti ye Ellen Ilundstrem, fisher yasabye umugabo we nkumupira wamaguru. Mu 1948, umugore wa kabiri yatanze umugabo w'impanga. Ibibazo byumuryango no kubura amafaranga yiciwe urukundo mumibanire mike.
Ingmar yakunze umunyamakuru Gong Gong, wavutse umuhungu we. Nyuma gato yuko umuhungu waboneka, Ingmar Bergman yahinduye umugore. Yakurikiye gutandukana.
Mu 1959, ubuzima bwihariye bwinyenyeri yo muri Suwede yongeye gukora impinduka ihanamye: Ingmar yayoboye ikamba rya piyano azwi cyane ya piyano. Umuyobozi wa Norumen Ulman wo muri Noruveje ati: Ariko imyaka 7 y'ubuzima butagira ibicu kuri Villa yarangije gutandukana: ku rutonde rw '"abantu" Liv Ulman.
Ku bashakanye, yubatse umuryango w'ikirwa cyo muri icyo kirwa. Mu 1967, Liv yabyaye umukobwa w'umugore we, ariko bidatinze ava mu kirwa: Ubwato bw'umuryango bwarahanishwaga. Ingoma n'amahoro ya Ingmar Bergman yasanze umugore wa gatanu - Ingrid Van Rosen.
Mu 1987, Bergman yerekanye igitabo mu gitabo, aho yasangiye ibyo yibuka ndetse n'inkuru zerekeye gukora ku bikorwa bya mbere na firime. Mu 2006, icyegeranyo cy '"isi y'ubugome ya cinema" yasohotse, irimo ibitabo bibiri by'ibihurizanya - "Ikipe ya La Intara" n "" Amashusho ", ibibazo n'ingingo.
Urupfu
Mu 1995, umuyobozi yashyinguye igitego cye. Nyuma y'urupfu rwe, Bergman yasezeye mu nzu ntegereje, aho hasuwe n'inshuti n'abana.
Classic ya cinema yisi yapfuye mu cyi ya 2007. Bergman araceceka, mu nzozi, ibyumweru 2 nyuma yimyaka 89.
Yashyinguye umuyobozi kuri icyo kirwa. Umwaka umwe, bisabwe na Matra kavukire, uwo mwashakanye wa gatanu yatwaraga irimbi ry'amajyaruguru ashyingurwa iruhande rw'umugabo we. Muri rusange muri rusange yambitswe ibuye amazina n'amazina y'urupfu rwa bombi.
Filmography
- 1946 - "Imvura hejuru y'urukundo rwacu"
- 1948 - "Umuziki mu mwijima"
- 1955 - "Ijoro ryo Kumunyuza"
- 1957 - "Icapa rya karindwi"
- 1957 - "Strawberry Polyana"
- 1961 - "Binyuze mu kirahure kijimye"
- 1962 - "GUKOMEZA"
- 1963 - "Guceceka"
- 1966 - "UMUNTU"
- 1968 - "Isoni"
- 1972 - "ShePote n'induru"
- 1973 - "Amashusho Yubuzima bwubatse"
- 1975 - "Umwironga"
- 1978 - "Autumn Sonata"
- 1982 - "Fanny Na Alexander"
- 2003 - "Umusazi"