Ubuzima
Zhores Alfurov ni umugani muzima wa siyansi yo murugo. Umuhanga wavumbuye yabaye ishingiro ryo gukora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Isi yacu ntigishoboka kwiyumvisha idafite lasers, semiconduct, LED na fibre na fibre optique. Ibi byose byabonetse kubumuntu tubikesheje ibintu byavumbuwe hamwe na alfurov nabahanga bato barera.Ibyiza by'Uburusiya (mu bihe byashize - Firesits ya Soviet) irangwa cyane mu mpande zose z'isi ndetse no mu kirere. Asteroid (3884) AlFerov ni izina rya laureate yitiriwe Nobel igihembo, Abanyeshuri bo mu mashurirwa n'umunyamuryango w'icyubahiro mu baturage mpuzamahanga ba siyansi.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ubwana bwa siyansi bwaguye mumyaka igoye. Isi yahinduye byinshi kuva Ivan Karpovich Alföhrov na Anna Vladimirovna Rosenimiro yavukaga umuhungu muto mu muryango wa komunisiti Ivan Karpovich. Umuhungu mukuru w'ababyeyi bahamagaye Marx (Yapfuye mu minsi ya nyuma y'intambara ya Korsun-Shevchenkovsky), kandi umuto yakiriye izina mu cyubahiro Jean Zhorses, umuyobozi w'abasosiyali b'Abafaransa.
Yavutse ku ya 15 Werurwe 1930 i Vitebsk, umwana mbere yuko intambara ishoboye kwinjiza hamwe n'ababyeyi ba Storalialrad, Novosibirk, Barnaul na Sizhstroy. Niba umuryango wa alferova wagumye gutura muri Biyelorusiya, siyanse yisi irashobora gutakaza byinshi, kandi itayimenye. Ubwenegihugu bwa Anna Rosenblum bwaba bwateye icyateye urupfu na Mama, n'umwana wo mu maboko y'Abanazi.
Imyaka yo mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose yabayeho mu karere ka Sverdlovsk, ariko mubisanzwe yigira ku ishuri kugeza ku bahanga ejo hazaza muri kiriya gihe. Ariko, amaze gusubira muri minsk, Zhores yahise agurisha igihe cyabuze. Ishuri ryarangiye hamwe n'umudari wa zahabu. Noneho iri shuri ryitwa Gymnasium №42 kandi ryurira izina ryumunyeshuri uzwi.
Umwarimu warimuv Borisovich Melcornzon yavuze ko ubushobozi bw'umusore kandi busabye kwinjira mu ingufu z'ingufu muri Polytech. Guhitamo hamwe nuruziga rw'inyungu z'ubumenyi, Alfurov yimuriwe muri Lendi. Mu 1952, yatangiye umwuga we wa siyansi.
Siyanse
Abahawe impamyabumenyi barose gukorera muri fiztech bayobowe na Abha Fedorovich ioffe. Ikigo cya tekiniki-tekiniki cyari mu migani nyuma y'intambara. Mu gusetsa, yitwaga "Ingendo y'inkongo w'incuke. - Niho habaye isabato ukiri muto, Senonov na Kaptitsa bakuze. Ngaho, Zhores IVanovich yabaye igice cyikipe yashyizeho imyenga ya mbere ya sovieti.
Abacukuzi babaye insanganyamatsiko yo kubaka umukandida wubuhanga buto. Nyuma yaho, zhores ivanovich yahinduye ubushakashatsi bwibikorwa byubukwe (kristu ya artificial) no kugenda byumucyo nubundi bwoko bwimirasire muri bo. Muri laboratoire ye yakoranye na lazeri, asanzwe mu 1970, imirasire y'izuba rya mbere ku isi yaremye aho. Bahaye Satelitite, batangaga amashanyarazi cyangwa amahoro ".
Amasomo ya siyanse yakoreshejwe yagenze neza hamwe nakazi ko kwigisha. Zhorez Ivanovich yanditse ibitabo n'ingingo. Yayoboye ishami rya Optoelectronika n'abanyeshuri batoranijwe ku giti cyabo. Abanyeshuri bifuzaga na fiziki bitabiriye ibiganiro byayo byumwaka "fiziki nubuzima".
Noneho muri kaminuza ya Masomo, Umuyobozi uhoraho wa Zhores Alfers, akora Lyceum "ishuri rya tekinike." Lyceum nintambwe yo hepfo yubumenyi nuburezi, ikubiyemo ikigo gikomeye cyubushakashatsi. Abashakashatsi babona ejo hazaza h'ubumenyi bw'Uburusiya mu Madamu.
Ati: "Kazoza k'Uburusiya ni Ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga, kandi ntabwo kugurisha ibikoresho fatizo. Kandi ejo hazaza h'igihugu ntabwo ari ku buhinzi, ariko ku muntu wo mu banyeshuri banjye. "Iri jambo riva mu mvugo rusange ya Jorees Ivanovich ryerekana kwizera k'umuhanga mu ntsinzi yo kunesha ubwenge bwo gukungahaza.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ahari ubutsinzi bwambere bwa siyansi bwa siyansi bwagize uruhare mu kunanirwa mubuzima bwe bwite. Ubukwe bwa mbere bwa Zhorses Ivanovich yaguye hamwe ninteko. Umugore mwiza, abifashijwemo na bene wabo muri Jeworujiya bakomeye, yasabye umugabo we ubutane bw'inzu ya Leningrad. Ipikipiki na Clamshell gusa yagumye mu mutungo wa Alrezirov, aho yaraye muri laboratoire. Rupture yumubano yatumye habaho umubano wuzuye umubano numukobwa we.
Umuhanga wa kabiri washakanye mu 1967 gusa, kandi ubu bukwe bwarananiye ikizamini cyigihe. Hamwe na Tamara Darus Zuhores yazamuye umukobwa we Irina n'umuhungu wa Ivan. Ivuka ry'Umwana ryahuriranye n'ikindi gikorwa mu biografiya - kwakira igihembo cya Lenin. Abana bamaze igihe kinini, Zhores IVanovich yashoboye kuba sogokuru. Afite umwuzukuru n'abamwuzukuru.
Imyaka ishize
Ububasha bw'umuhanga mu bumenyi bw'isi bushingiye ku mpapuro zirenga 500 n'ibihe ijana. Ariko ibikorwa bya salaure ya Nobel ntabwo byagarukiye kuri fiziki. Mu ci ryo muri 2017, mu rukuta rwa kaminuza ya Sacara, mu ishuri ryanditseho ibiganiro bifunguye: "Albert Einstein, ubusosiyalisiti n'isi ya none," byagaragaje ibibazo byo gukorana hagati y'abahanga n'abategetsi.
Mu magambo ye, umuhanga yise uko ubumenyi bwo mu Burusiya buteye ubwoba kandi buburanira uburenganzira bw'ishuri ry'ubumenyi bw'Ubumenyi ku bijyanye na guverinoma n'inkunga nziza. Umuhanga yizeraga ko leta igomba guha abaturage imiti yubuntu, uburezi n'amazu, naho ubundi iyi miterere ntacyo imaze.
Zhorez Ivanovich yagize uruhare rutaziguye mu micungire ya leta. Kera mu 1989, yatowe n'abadepite b'abadepite b'abadepite b'abantu bo mu ishuri ry'ubumenyi. Kuva icyo gihe, umuhanga mu byasha mu gihe yari asanzwe yatowe muri Duma w'Uburusiya, arwana neza inyungu z'abahanga n'abaturage basanzwe.
Muri Kanama 2017, ikinyamakuru cyo kumenyesha cyahindutse Zhorses alfurov mu rubuga rw'Abarusiya ijana bakomeye bo mu kinyejana gishize. Nubwo imyaka ihamye, igihembo cya Nobel kuri videwo hanyuma ifoto yasaga nkaho yishimye kandi yizeye.
Urupfu
Ku ya 2 Werurwe 2019, Zhores Alfurov yapfuye afite imyaka 88. Nkabanyamakuru, umuganga mukuru wibitaro byishuri ryubumenyi bwikirusiya Oleg Chagunava, icyateye urupfu rwabatitabiro rwa Nobel ryabaye umurambo wa Chiriovar na Pulmonary. Ku mugoroba wa elers, amezi menshi yubatswe hamwe nabaganga bafite ikibazo kijyanye hypertension.Imitunganyirize yo gushyingura physics azwi yafashe mu ishyaka rya gikomunisiti.
Ibihembo n'ibikorwa
- 1959 - gutumiza "Ikimenyetso cyo kubaha"
- 1971 - Umudari wa Sturt Ballaji (USA)
- 1972 - Igihembo cya Lenin
- 1975 - Urutonde rwa banner itukura
- 1978 - Igihembo-Pakardian Igihembo (Umuryango wumubiri wiburayi)
- 1980 - gahunda ya revolution ya Ukwakira
- 1984 - Igihembo cya Leta ya USSR
- 1986 - Urutonde rwa Lenin
- 1987 - Umudari wa zahabu ya Heinrich Velker (Symporium kuri Gaas)
- 1989 - Igihembo cya Karpinsky (Ubudage)
- 1993 - XLIX Mendeleevsky Umusomyi
- 1996 - Igihembo cyitiriwe A. F. Ioffe (Ras)
- 1998 - Icyubahiro Dr. Spbgup
- 1999 - ITEKA "KUBYEREKEYE MU BIKORWA BYA PARALER" III
- 1999 - Igihembo cya Debidov (Ikigega cya siyansi cya Debidov)
- 1999 - Umudari wa Zahabu Yitiriwe A. S. Popova (RAS)
- 2000 - Igihembo cya Nobel (Suwede)
- 2000 - gutumiza "kugirango duherewe kuri develand" II
- 2000 - Nick Holyaka Igihembo (Amerika Societe Optique)
- 2001 - gahunda ya Francis Skorne (Biyelorusiya)
- 2001 - Igihembo cya Kyoto (Ubuyapani)
- 2001 - Primee V. I. Vernadsky (Ukraine)
- 2001 - Igihembo cy'igihugu cy'Uburusiya. Umutwe "UMUGORE W'UMUNTU"
- 2002 - Igihembo cya Leta cya Federasiyo y'Uburusiya
- 2002 - Umudari wa Zahabu
- 2002 - Igihembo "Isahani Zahabu" (USA)
- 2003 - gahunda ya Prince yaroslav ubwenge v impamyabumenyi (Ukraine)
- 2005 - gutumiza "kugirango duherewe kuri Padiri" Ndi impamyabumenyi
- 2005 - Igihembo mpuzamahanga cy'ingufu "Ingufu z'isi"
- 2008 - Umutwe n'umudayi wa Porofesesi wa MFTI
- 2009 - gahunda yubucuti bwabantu (Biyelorusiya)
- 2010 - Iteka "Kurwego rwa Padiri" IV
- 2010 - Umudari "wo gutanga umusanzu mugutezimbere Nanoscience na Nanotechnology" kuva UNESCO
- 2011 - Umutwe "Icyubahiro Cyubahiro Cl. Ikirusiya-Ikirusiya-Ikinyabushinwa (Slavic)"
- Igihembo mpuzamahanga cya Karl Boaer
- 2015 - Iteka rya Alexander Nevsky
- 2015 - Gygjevi Nizami Zahabu (Azaribayijan)
- 2015 - Umutwe w '"umwarimu w'icyubahiro MIM"