Ubuzima
Kontantin Balmont numusizi wu Burusiya, umusemuzi, prose, kunegura, essist. Uhagarariye silver. Yasohoye ibyegeranyo 35 by'imivugo, ibitabo 20 hamwe na prose. Byahinduwe umubare munini wibikorwa byabanditsi b'abanyamahanga. Kontantin Dmitrievich ni umwanditsi w'inyigisho z'ubuvanganzo, amakuru ya filogatiya, inyandiko mbi. Ibisigo bye "Urubura", "umuhindo", "mu gihe cy'itumba", "mu gihe cy'itumba." "Abandi benshi bashyirwa muri gahunda y'ishuri.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Kontantin Balmon yavutse kandi azabaho imyaka 10 mu mudugudu wa Hunnishi Shui County Vladimir Intara ya Vladimir mu muryango ukennye, ariko ni umunyabwenge. Se, Dmitry Konterantinovich, yabanje gukora nk'umucamanza, nyuma yafashe umwanya w'umutwe wa Zemkie. Mama Vera Nikolaevna yakomokaga mu muryango, aho bakundaga kandi bakunda ibitabo. Umugore yicaye nimugoroba uvansi, shyiramo ibice kandi acapirwa mu kinyamakuru cyaho.
Vera Nikolaevna yari azi indimi nyinshi z'amahanga, kandi yari afite uruhare mu mugabane "abantu badasanzwe", "abantu batihanganye" bakunze kugaragara mu nzu yabo. Nyuma, yanditse ko nyina adashingiye ku rukundo gusa kubera ibitabo, ariko yarazwe "gahunda yo mu mwuka." Mu muryango, usibye Constantine, hari abahungu barindwi. Yari uwa gatatu. Kureba Umubyeyi yigisha ibaruwa y'abavandimwe bakuru, umuhungu yigenga yamenye gusoma mu myaka 5.
Habaho umuryango mu nzu yahagaze ku nkombe z'umugezi, ukikijwe n'ubusitani. Kubwibyo, igihe kigeze ngo abana batanga ishuri, bimukiye inyanja. Rero, bagombaga kwitandukanya na kamere. Umuhungu yanditse ibisigo bye byambere afite imyaka 10. Ariko mama ntiyigeze yemera ko ibyo bisuzumye, kandi ntacyo yanditse mu myaka 6 iri imbere.
Mu 1876, balmont yiyandikishije muri gymnasium ya Shui. Ubwa mbere, Kosya yerekanye ko ari umunyeshuri w'umunyamwete, ariko bidatinze yabuze ibi byose. Yashimishijwe no gusoma, mu gihe ibitabo bimwe byo mu kidage naho igifaransa yasomye mu mwimerere. Kuva kuri siporo, ntiwakuweho amahugurwa mabi kandi ahinduka. Yamaze noneho yari agizwe nuruziga rutemewe, rukwirakwiza udupapuro twabaturage kubuntu.
Kanttantin yimukiye i Vladimir kandi yigayo kugeza mu 1886. Mugihe yiga muri siporo, ibisigo bye byasohotse mu kinyamakuru cya Metropolitan ", ariko iki gikorwa cyakomeje kutamenyekana. Amaze kwinjira muri kaminuza ya Moscou mu ishami ry'amategeko. Ariko hano ntabwo byari birebire igihe kirekire.
Yegereye Peter Nikolaev, waduhaniwe mirongo itandatu. Kubwibyo, ntabwo bitangaje kuba nyuma yimyaka 2 birukanwe kubera uruhare mu mitego y'abanyeshuri. Nyuma yibi byabaye, yoherejwe i Moscou kureba.
Mu 1889, balmont yahisemo gukira muri kaminuza, ariko kubera imvururu zifite ubwoba, ntibyashobokaga gutuma bishoboka kwisubiraho. Iherezo rimwe ryamuhamye no mu itsinda rya demdov ryo kuryama ry'ubumenyi mu by'amategeko, aho yahageze nyuma. Nyuma yo kugerageza, yahisemo kuva mu gitekerezo cyo kwakira uburezi "butagira ubwenegihugu".
Ubuvanganzo
Icyegeranyo cya mbere cyibisigo Balmont yanditse igihe cyuzuyemo umunyururu nyuma yo kwiyahura. Nasohoye igitabo i Yaroslavl mu 1890, ariko nyuma umusizi ubwe yasenye igice kinini cyo kuzenguruka.
Intangiriro zose mugukora umusizi zifatwa nkicyegeranyo "munsi yijuru ryamajyaruguru". Yahuye n'abaturage ashimishijwe, nk'umurimo wakurikiyeho - "mubwiza bwumwijima" kandi "guceceka". Yatangiye ku giti cye ku bushake bwo gucapa mu binyamakuru bigezweho, byamenyekanye, yabonaga ko asezerana cyane n '"amadini".
Hagati mu myaka ya 1890, atangira kuvugana na Bryosov, Merozhkovsky, Hippiyo. Bidatinze, balmont ihinduka umusizi uzwi cyane mu Burusiya. Imirongo, afite ishyaka mu buryo bw'isi, kandi mu byegeranyo bimwe bireba ku ngingo "Abadayimoni". Ibi biragaragara muri "chars mbi" kuzenguruka kwabo kwatewe n'abayobozi kubera impamvu zo kugenzura.
Balmont igenda cyane, bityo akazi ke karangizwa n'amashusho y'ibihugu bidasanzwe na polycult. Abasomyi bakurura kandi baranezeza. Umusizi wubahiriza imyumvire idahwitse - ntabwo yigeze agira uruhare mu nyandiko, yizeraga ko ya mbere yo guhanga cyane ko ari we wizerwa cyane.
Abayo mugihe "imigani idafite umugani", byanditswe na Balmont mu 1905, barashimiwe cyane. Iki cyegeranyo cyindirimbo nziza umusizi yeguriye umukobwa wa Nina.
Kontantin Dmitievich balmont yari ihindagurika mu mwuka no mubuzima. Gukuramo imikino ngororamubiri na kaminuza ntibyahagaritse umusizi. Iyo amaze gusoma kumugaragaro umurongo "Sultan muto", aho abantu bose babonye isano na Nikole II. Kubwibyo bamwirukanye kuri St. Petersburg no mumyaka 2 babujijwe gutura mumijyi ya kaminuza.
Yari uwo bahanganye na tsarism, bityo uruhare rwe mu mpinduramatwara ya mbere y'Uburusiya. Muri kiriya gihe, yabaye inshuti na Maxim Gorky n'ibisigo byanditse ibyo bisa cyane na reflets.
Mu Kuboza 1905 Moscou imyigaragambyo, balmont irwanya abanyeshuri. Ariko, gutinya gutabwa muri yombi, guhatirwa kuva mu Burusiya. Kuva mu 1906 kugeza 1913 aba mu Bufaransa mu rwego rwa politiki yimukira. Akomeza kwandika, ariko abanenga bakomeje gutangira kuvuga ku nkombe zabahanga mu mikuru ya Balmont. Mubikorwa bye byanyuma, babonye bimwe mubisobanuro no kwikunda.
Umusizi ubwe yafatwaga igitabo cye cyiza "gutwika inyubako. Amagambo y'ubugingo bugezweho. " Niba, mbere yiki cyegeranyo, amagambo ye yari yuzuye yifuza kandi akamenyera, noneho "inyubako zaka" zafunguye balmoni kurundi ruhande - "izuba" kandi rivugwa kandi ryishimye ryagaragaye mugikorwa.
Agarutse mu Burusiya mu 1913, yasohoye inyandiko zuzuye za tomny. Irakora ku busobanuro n'imvugo mu gihugu. Impinduramatwara ya Gashyantare Balmon yasanze ashishikaye, kimwe n'ubwenge bwose bw'Abarusiya. Ariko bidatinze byaje mu mahano yo guturana no mu gihugu.
Igihe impinduramatwara yo mu Kwakira yatangiye, yari i St. Petersburg, yaravuze ati: "Ni" inkubi y'umuyaga "na" akajagari ". Mu 1920, umusizi yimukiye i Moscou, ariko bidatinze kubera ubuzima budakomeye bw'uwo mwashakanye n'umukobwa bimukiye mu Bufaransa ari kumwe na bo. Mu Burusiya, ntiyari agarutse.
Mu 1923, balmont yatanze autobiografiya ebyiri - "munsi ya sheferi mushya" na "inzira". Kugeza mu gice cya mbere cya 1930, yirukanye hose mu Burayi, disikuru ye yari afite intsinzi. Ariko hano Diaspora y'Uburusiya ntabwo yishimiye kumenyekana.
Izuba rirenze ryo guhanga kwe ryaguye mu 1937, hanyuma asohora icyegeranyo cye cya nyuma cy'ibisigo "Serivisi yo mu mucyo."
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu 1889, Kontantin Balmon yashakanye n'umukobwa wa Ivanovo-Voznesesky Umucuruzi - Larisda Mikhailovna Malina. Namenyesheje nyina, ariko igihe yatangariza umugambi we wo gushaka, yavuze kurwanya ubu bukwe. Kanttantin yerekanye impu zose ndetse anajyana yakunzi ye ku cyumba n'umuryango we.
Nkuko byagaragaye, uwo bashakanye akiri muto yari akunda ishyari ridafite ishingiro. Bahoraga batongana, umugore ntiyigeze amushyigikira mubuvanganzo, cyangwa mubikorwa bya impinduramatwara. Bamwe mu bashakashatsi babona ko yongeyeho balmont ku cyaha.
Ku ya 13 Werurwe 1890, umusizi yahisemo kwiyahura - yasimbutse mu kiraro kuva mu igorofa ya gatatu y'inzu ye. Ariko kugerageza byarananiranye - aryama mu buriri, maze abakomeretse bakomeretse bakomeje Chrome.
Mu bashakanye na Laris, babyaranye abana babiri. Umwana wabo wa mbere yapfuye akiri muto, uwa kabiri - mwene NIKOLAI - yari arwaye indwara ifite ubwoba. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Kantantin na Laris caverge, yashakanye n'umunyamakuru n'umwanditsi.
Mu 1896, balmont yashakanye na kabiri. Umugore we yabaye Ekaterina Alekseevna Andreeva. Umukobwa yakomokaga mumuryango ukize - ubwenge, bize kandi bwiza. Ako kanya nyuma yubukwe, abakunzi bagiye mubufaransa. Mu 1901, bari bafite umukobwa Nina. Muburyo bwinshi, bahujwe nibikorwa byubuvanganzo, hamwe bakorana nubuhinduzi.
Ekaterina Alekseevna ntabwo yari afite imbaraga zidasanzwe, ariko imibereho yabashakanye yategetse. Kandi ibintu byose byaba byiza, iyo ntabatse balmont i Paris Elena konsantinovna Tvetkovskaya. Umukobwa yashimishijwe n'umusizi, yasaga nka we ku Mana. Kuva ubu yabanaga n'umuryango we, hasigaye amezi abiri asigaye mu ngendo z'amahanga hamwe na Catherine.
Ubuzima bwumuryango we bwarayongereye mugihe Tsvetovsky yibarutse umukobwa wa Merru. Ibi byabaye byarangije guhambira Constantine kuri Elena, ariko icyarimwe ntiyifuzaga kuvana na Andreva. Kubabazwa bivuye ku mutima byongeye gutemwa balmont kwiyahura. Yasohotse mu idirishya, ariko, nkigihe, yakomeje kubaho.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, yatangiye gutura muri St. Petersburg yindabyo na Mirra kandi rimwe na rimwe yasuraga Moscou to Andreva n'umukobwa Nina. Nyuma bimukiye mu Bufaransa. Ngaho, balmont yatangiye guhura na Dagomar ShakhovsKaya. Ntiyavuye mu muryango, ariko ahura n'umugore buri gihe, buri munsi yandikaga amabaruwa ye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, yarabyaye abana babiri - mwene George n'umukobwa Svetlana.
Ariko mumyaka itoroshye yubuzima bwe hamwe na we, haracyari indabyo. Yahanuwe ku buryo atabaye amaze gupfa, amukurikira.
Urupfu
Yatsinze mu Bufaransa, yatsinze mu Burusiya. Ariko ubuzima bwe bwarushijeho kwangirika, hari ibibazo by'amafaranga, bityo nta jambo ryo kugaruka. Yabaye mu nzu ihendutse ifite idirishya.
Mu 1937, umusizi yavumbuye uburwayi bwo mu mutwe. Kuva ubu, ntabwo akindira ibisigo.
Ku ya 23 Ukuboza 1942, yapfiriye mu "nzu y'Uburusiya", ntabwo ari kure ya Paris, i Nyazi-le-ne. Impamvu y'urupfu rwe yari induru y'ibihaha. Umusizi mu bukene no kwibagirwa.
Bibliografiya
- 1894 - "Mu kirere cyo mu majyaruguru (Elegia, Ibiciro, Sonnets)"
- 1895 - "Mu bubiko bwa Mraka"
- 1898 - "Guceceka. Lyrical Ibisigo "
- 1900 - "Inyubako zanyuma. Amagambo yubugingo bugezweho "
- 1903 - "Tuzamera nk'izuba. Igitabo cy'imiterere »
- 1903 - "Urukundo rwonyine. Imashini
- 1905 - "Liturori y'ubwiza. Indirimbo zidasanzwe »
- 1905 - "Umugani wa Faine (Indirimbo z'abana)"
- 1906 - "Uburozi bubi (Igitabo cyo kuzamuka)"
- 1906 - "Umuvugo"
- 1907 - "Indirimbo za Avenger"
- 1908 - "Inyoni zo mu kirere (Imirongo yo Kuririmba)"
- 1909 - "Green Vertograpp (amagambo yo gusomana)"
- 1917 - "Sonnets y'izuba, ubuki n'ukwezi"
- 1920 - "Ranger"
- 1920 - "Ibisigo birindwi"
- 1922 - "Indirimbo y'inyundo y'akazi"
- 1929 - "DALI (igisigo kivuga Uburusiya)"
- 1930 - "Incamake yo kwiyuhagira"
- 1937 - "Itara"