Ubuzima
Ku mwana w'abasizi babiri batangaje b'ikinyejana gishize, binyuranye na posetuli, kamere ntiyigeze arwanya. Nubwo yatawe muri yombi n'imyaka 14, yibwe mu nkambi ya Stalin, Abalewi Gumilev basize ikimenyetso cyiza mu muco wa Burusiya. Filozofiya, umuhanga mu by'amateka, umuhanga mu bya kera n'umuhanga mu matongo y'iburasirazuba washyize imbere inyigisho izwi cyane yo gukunda ishyaka, yazize abakomoka ku murage munini wa siyansi. Yahimbye ibisigo n'ibisigo, azi indimi esheshatu, yahinduwe imirimo myinshi yabandi.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umuhungu w'ikinege wa Anna Akhmatova na Nikolai Gumileev yavukiye mu kirwa cya 1912 ku kirwa cya vasilyevsky, mu buhungiro bwababyeyi bw'Ubusobe Alexandra Fedorovna. Ababyeyi b'ababyeyi bazanye umudugudu w'umwami kandi bidatinze babatizwa muri katedrali ya Ekaterininsky.
Kuva mu minsi ya mbere y'ubuzima, umuhungu w'abasizi babiri yari amaze kwita kuri nyirakuru, Mama Nikolai Gumileev. Umwana ntabwo yahinduye inzira zisanzwe z'ababyeyi, bashinzwe uburezi byoroshye kandi bafite impungenge zose kuri umuhungu Anne Ivanovna Gumileva. Nyuma, Abalewi Nikolayevich azandika ko Mama na Padiri batabonye mu bwana bwe, nyirakuru yabasimbuye.
Umusore ugera kuri 5, umuhungu yakuriye mu buhumyi, nyirakuru, nyirakuru, uherereye mu karere ka Bezhetsky wo muri Intara ya Tver. Ariko muri revolution 1917 Gumilev, gutinya umuhinzi suw, hasigaye icyari rusange. Gufata isomero n'ibice by'ibikoresho, umugore ufite umwuzukuru yimukiye i Bezhetsk.
Mu 1918, ababyeyi baratandukanye. Mu ci y'uwo mwaka, Anna Ivanovna yimukiye ku muhungu we kuri Petrogra. Umwaka umuhungu yavuganye na se, aherekeje Nikolai Stepanovich ku bikorwa by'ubuvanganzo, yagumye kuri nyina. Ababyeyi ntibatinze bashinze imiryango mishya: Gumilev yashakanye na Anna Engelhardt, mu 1919 bari bafite umukobwa wa Elena wa Elena. Akhmatova yabanaga na Assiologue Vladimir shileileiko.
Mu ci ryo mu 1919, nyirakuru hamwe n'umukazana mushya maze abana bagiye i Bezhetsk. Nikolai Gumilev rimwe na rimwe yafataga umuryango. Mu 1921, Leo yamenye urupfu rwa se.
I Bezhetsk, urubyiruko rwa Lew Gumilov rwabaye. Afite imyaka 17 yahinduye amashuri 3. Umubano urungano ntabwo watezimbere umubano. Dukurikije kwibuka abo twigana, Leva yakomeje amande. Ubupayiniya na KombeMol byamukikije bidatangaje: mu ishuri rya mbere "umuhungu wa Doneto Umunyamahanga" asigaye nta bitabo, yishingikirije ku banyeshuri.
Nyirakuru yahinduye umwuzukuru mu ishuri rya kabiri, gari ya moshi, aho Anna Sverchkova yigishijwe, umukobwa bakundana na marayika mwiza w'umuryango. Abalewi Gumilev yagize inshuti na mwarimu w'ibitabo Alexander Peregrin, uwo yambuwe mbere y'urupfu rwe.
Mu ishuri rya gatatu, ryiswe Abasoviyeti ya 1, ubushobozi bw'ubuvanganzo bwa Gumilyov bwerekanye. Umusore yanditse ingingo ninkuru mu kinyamakuru cyishuri, babonye premium kuri umwe. Abalewi babaye umushyitsi usanzwe mu isomero ry'umujyi, aho yavuganaga amakuru y'ubuvanganzo. Muri iyi myaka, ubuzima bwo guhanga bwa Peterburger bwatangiye, "imirongo nyayo" ya mbere yagaragaye, aho umusore yatetse se.
Mama yasuwe i Bezhetsk kumuhungu we kabiri: Mu 1921, kuri Noheri, na nyuma yimyaka 4, mugihe cyizuba. Buri kwezi yohereje amafaranga 25, yafashijwe kurokoka umuryango, ariko hano ubushakashatsi bw'imivugo bw'umusizi bwumvise bukomeye.
Nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri mu 1930, Lebus yaje kwa Lenitsedi, kuri nyina, icyo gihe yabanye na Nikolai Pun. Mu mujyi wa Neva, umusore yongeye gutangara mu ishuri rirangiza kandi yiteguye kwinjira mu kigo cya Herzenov. Ariko amagambo ya Gumileva ntabwo yemeye kubera inkomoko nziza.
Nicholas Pun yahuye na holuleva yerekeza mu ruganda. Kuva aho, intare yahinduye depot ya Tram no kwiyandikisha kungurana akazi, aho yoherezwa mu masomo, aho yateguye ingendo za geologiya. Mu myaka y'inganda, urugendo rwateguwe mu gihe kinini, kubera kubura abakozi, ntibitegereje inkomoko yabo. Abam Gumilev rero mu 1931 babanza kujya mu rugendo i Bajaker.
Umurage
Ukurikije ibigereranyo bya biografiya, Abalewi Gumilev basuye ingendo inshuro 21. Ku ngendo, yabonye amafaranga kandi yumva yigenga, ntabwo yishingikirije kuri Mama na Punin, nta muntu woroshye.
Mu 1932, Leo yagiye mu nzego zamezi 11 yerekeza Tajikistan. Nyuma y'amakimbirane n'umuyobozi w'ingendo (Gumileva yashinjwaga kurenga ku indero - yagerageje kwiga Amphibiyani) yatuye mu murima wa Leta: hakoreshejwe ibipimo ngenderwaho. Gushyikirana na Dehkans, Abalewi Gumilev bize ururimi rwa Tajik.
Nyuma yo gusubira mu rugo mu 1933, byasabye guhindura imivugo y'abanditsi ba Repubulika y'ubumwe, bikamuzanira inyungu ziciye bugufi. Ukuboza uwo mwaka, umwanditsi yarabanje muri yombi, afite iminsi 9, ariko ntiyabajije kandi ntabwo yishyuye.
Mu 1935, umuhungu wa kaminuza ebyiri ya kera yinjiye muri kaminuza yo mu majyaruguru, ahitamo ubuhanga bw'amateka. Abakozi bashinzwe kwigisha wa kaminuza ni iontel Matrah: Abanyaumekishijwe ni disyptologue Veruve bakoze muri Rage, impushya za kera Salomo lurie, Ubushinwa Nikolai Kuner, Ubushinwa Bitita Akwitaga Umujyanama n'Umwigisha.
Gumilev yari yerekeje hejuru yabanyeshuri bigana kandi batezimbere kwishimira ubumenyi bwimbitse na etudition. Ariko igihe kinini cyo gusiga umuhungu wumuhungu wumuhungu "umwanzi wabaturage" na poetess badashaka kuririmba sisitemu yubuso, abayobozi ntibashakaga. Muri icyo gihe 1935 yarafashwe azira ubugira kabiri. Anna Akhmatova yahindukiriye Joseph Stalin, asaba kurekura abantu bahenze cyane (icyarimwe Phananin yakuweho Gumilev).
Bombi bararekuwe babisabwe na Stalin, ariko Leo yirukanwe muri kaminuza. Ku musore, kugabanywa byabaye impanuka: burundu yo kwiyongera hamwe nimpande zangiza amafaranga 120 - ubwinshi muri kiriya gihe amafaranga yemerewe gukuraho amazu kandi ntacw. Mu ci ryo mu 1936, Abafilimoni bagiye mu rugendo rwa Don, ku bucukuzi bwa Khazari. Mu Kwakira, umunezero mwinshi umunyeshuri wagaruwe muri kaminuza.
Ibyishimo byaranze igihe kirekire: Muri Werurwe 1938, Intare Gumileva yatawe muri yombi yafashwe ku nshuro ya gatatu, amuha imyaka 5 y'amazi. Mu nkambi, umuhanga mu by'amateka yakomeje kwandika icyicaro, ariko ntibyashobokaga nta nkomoko. Ariko hamwe nuruziga rw'itumanaho Gumilev rwagize amahirwe: Mu mfungwa byari ibara ry'abanyabwenge.
Mu 1944, yasabwe imbere. Nyuma y'amezi abiri yo kwiga, kanda ikigega cyo kurwanya indege. Yakozwe mu gisirikare, yasubiye mu mujyi kuri Neva arangije kwiga kuri EASTA. Mu mpera za 1940 zaburanishijwe, ariko ntiyigeze yakira umukandida. Mu 1949, Gumilev yahawe imyaka 10 y'inkambi, kuguza ibirego guhera mu rubanza rwabanje. Igihano cy'umuhanga mu by'amateka cyakoreraga muri Qazaqistan na Siberiya.
Kurekura no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe mu 1956. Nyuma yimyaka 6 yakazi muri Hermitage, Abalewi Gumileva bijyana muri leta mu ishami rya Geografiya LSU, aho yakoraga kugeza mu 1987. Kubwibyo ikiruhuko cyiza. Mu 1961, umuhanga yarwanije impamyabumenyi ye y'igifungo ku mateka, kandi mu 1974 muri geografiya (impamyabumenyi ya siyansi ntabwo yemeye ko wak).
Mu myaka ya za 1960, Gumilev yiyemeje kuzenguruka impapuro zifite akamaro mu gusoza icyerekezo gishishikaje cya Ethnonitasi, gishyira umugambi wo gusobanura umugozi n'uburyo bw'amateka. Abagenzi bakomeye banenze igitekerezo bamwita siyanse y'ibinyoma.
Abenshi mu mateka yo muri icyo gihe ndetse n'akazi nyamukuru k'intare Gumilyev, witwaga "Ethnogereka na biosipi yo ku isi", ntibabyemeza. Umushakashatsi yahawe igitekerezo cy'uko abarusiya ari abakomoka kuri tatars bafashe umubatizo, n'Uburusiya - gukomeza Horde. Rero, Uburusiya buturutse mu Burusiya-Turkiya-Mongoliya-Mongoliya, Eurasian ku nkomoko. Ibi bijyanye n'iki gitabo kizwi cyane cy'umwanditsi "ukomoka mu Burusiya mu Burusiya". Ingingo imwe iratera imbere muri monografi "rus na kibaya kinini."
Abanegura Abalewi Gumilyov, bubaha ibitekerezo bishya by'umushakashatsi n'ubumenyi bunini, batwaga "umuhanga mu by'amateka ateganijwe." Ariko abigishwa barinda Leo Nikolayevich kandi bafatwa nk'abashakashatsi, yari afite abayoboke b'impaka.
Mu myaka ya nyuma y'ubuzima bwe, Gumilev yashyize ahagaragara ibisigo, kandi abo mu gihe yabonaga ko imivugo y'Umwana atari munsi yubuhanzi bwubuhanzi ababyeyi. Ariko igice cy'umurage wibisigo cyatakaye, kandi Lew Gumilev ntabwo yari afite umwanya wo gutangaza ibyanditswe nabi. Imiterere yububiko bwibisigo iri mubisobanuro, yihaye umusizi: "Umuhungu wanyuma w'imyaka ya feza."
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Umugabo arema kandi murukundo, Gumilev yaje mubunyage bwamagambo menshi. Muri serivisi ya komini ya Leningrad, aho atuye, inshuti, abigishwa n'abakundwa baraza.
Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1936, Abalewi Gumilev bahuye n'umunyaminyaga Mongoliya wakozwe na Namserikev. Ku nyigisho yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, intare y'imyaka 24, umusatsi hamwe n'imyitwarire ya Aristocrat, yakoze ibitekerezo bidafite ishingiro. Nyuma yamasomo, abashakanye bakoze urugendo rwa kaminuza, bavugaga ku basuni, amateka, archeology. Roman yamaze gufata mu 1938.
Hamwe n'umugore wa kabiri, Natalia Varbannets ku nyoni, Gumilev kandi yahuriye mu isomero mu 1946. Ariko ubwiza bwakunze Patron we - umuhanga mu by'amateka ya Lievist Vladimir Lublinsky.
Mu 1949, igihe umwanditsi n'umuhanga bifatanije n'inkambi, Natalia na Lew basubiraga. Ibaruwa y'urukundo yakoreshejwe mu buponereteze mu buponerete y'ibisomero rusange ya Leta ya Varbase. Mu nzu ndangamurage y'umwanditsi hari ibishushanyo byohereje mu nkambi. Nyuma yo gusubiza Abalewi Gumilev yatandukanye na Natalia, ikigirwamana kiriya gitabo.
Hagati ya 1950, intare Nikolayevich yagaragaye akundwa ukundwa - Natalia Kazabathich w'imyaka 18 y'amavuko, we yinjiye mu isomero rya Hermitage, ku meza atandukanye. Mu makuru atavugwaho rumwe, Gumilev ndetse yavuyemo umukobwa, ariko ababyeyi bashimangiye kurengana. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, c kazakevich lew nikolayevich yitaweho gukosora Tatiana Krryokov, wasomye ingingo n'ibitabo.
Umuroma hamwe na Inna Nemilooy, yashakanye n'ubwiza muri Hermitage, yamaze gushyingirwa cyane n'umwanditsi mu 1968.
Hamwe n'umugore we Natalia Simonovskaya, umuhanzi wa Moscou - gahunda, abato mu myaka 8, Abalewi Gumilev bahuye mu murwa mukuru mu mpeshyi ya 1966. Umubano wateye imbere gahoro gahoro, nta gukinisho. Ariko hamwe abashakanye babayeho imyaka 25, kandi inshuti z'umwanditsi zitwa Umuryango mwiza: Umugore wiyeguriye umugore ufite impano, asiga amasomo yose, inshuti nakazi.
Nta bana bakomoka mu bashakanye: bahuye igihe Leru Gumilev yujuje imyaka 55, kandi umugore ni 46. Ndashimira Natalia Gumileva n'ibibazo bye ku bashakanye mu myaka ya za 70 bimukiye mu misebe myiza. Igihe inzu, kubera ubwubatsi bwagaragaye hafi, yabajije, abashakanye bimukira mu nzu kuri Kolomna, aho yari atuye kugeza ubuzima bwe. Uyu munsi, inzu ndangamurage y'umwanditsi irakinguye hano.
Urupfu
Mu myaka ya za 90, intare Gumilyov bamusanganye ubwonko, ariko umuhanga afata akazi, ariko arangiza afite uburiri. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, yakuweho gallbladder. Igikorwa 79-Umusaza wimyaka myinshi yarababajwe - kuva amaraso.
Ibyumweru 2 bishize Gumilev byari muri coma. Yaciwe n'ibikoresho bishyigikira ubuzima ku ya 15 Kamena 1992.
Yashyinguye umuhungu wa Akhmato hafi ya Alexander Lavra, mu irimbi rya Nikolsky.
Muri Nzeri 2004, imva y'umugore we yagaragaye iruhande rw'imva za Leo Gumileva: Natalia yarokotse umugabo we imyaka 12.
Ibintu bishimishije
- Hamwe na Mama Gumilev ntabwo yavuze imyaka 5 ishize y'ubuzima bwe. Muri Requiem, Akhmatova yitwa Leo "Uri umuhungu n'amahano yanjye".
- Gumilev ntabwo yihanganiye ibirayi kandi yizera ko bigoye cyane ubuzima bwumutungo wu Burusiya. Natalia Viktorovna atwite akira isupu.
- Sitasiyo ya Gumilev yavuye mu ihame isaha imwe mbere yo kugenda - bigenda bite iyo bohereje mbere?
- Mu mahanga, Abalewi Gumilev basuye igihe cyonyine mu 1966, bakora urugendo muri Kongere ya kera ya Kongere ya Prague.
- Mu mpera zubuzima, umwanditsi yakundaga abaperekwa na siyanse ya siyanse. Yahisemo akazi ka Ray Bradbury, Stanislav Lema, Arkady na Boris Stugatity, Agatu cherie.
- Gumilev Terepo yari ay'ubusinzi no kunywa itabi. We ubwe yavuze ko "vodka ari igitekerezo cyo guterwa imitekerereze". Gumilev yanyweye kugeza ku iherezo ry'ubuzima bwa "Chernival cyera", butitira itabi rishya kuva kera. Yizeraga ko itabi ritigeze ringiza.
- Ikintu cyihariye kiranga imiterere ya Gumilev yari Turukopilia. Kuva mu myaka ya za 1960, yarushijeho gushyira umukono ku mabaruwa ye "arsen-beck" (ubusobanuro bwitiriwe intare ku rurimi rwa Turukiya).
Bibliografiya
- 1960 - "Hongna: Aziya yo hagati mu bihe bya kera"
- 1962 - "Feat Bakhrama Chubina"
- 1966 - "Gufungura Khazariya"
- 1967 - "Abanyaturukiya ya kera"
- 1970 - "Gushakisha Ubwami bw'impimbano"
- 1970 - "Ethnogesiziya na Ejo"
- 1973 - "Hunny mu Bushinwa"
- 1975 - "Gushushanya Gushushanya"
- 1987 - "Ikinyagihumbi ikikije Aspian"
- 1989 - "Ernogenesisi na Biosphere y'isi"
- 1989 - "Rus ya kera na Steppe nini"
- 1992 - "Kuva mu Burusiya mu Burusiya"
- 1992 - "Iherezo n'intangiriro nshya"
- 1993 - "Ahrosphere: Amateka Yabantu namateka ya Kamere"
- 1993 - "Duhereye ku mateka ya Eurasia"