Ubuzima
Columbus yo mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri - Rero yitwa umugenzi wa Noruveje, umuhanga mu matongo, umuhanga mu by'amateka n'umwanditsi kuzenguruka Helerdal. Mu 1999, abanyagihugu bamumenye hamwe n'ikinyejana cya Noruveje cyane mu kinyejana gishize, kubera ko undi muntu uturuka ku baturage yananiwe kubona impamyabumenyi 11 z'ibihugu by'Uburayi na kaminuza y'Abanyamerika.
Ibitabo by'imyitozo ikomeye y'ubucukuzi bw'ubucukuzi bwakozwe mu bucukumbuzi bw'ibicukuzi bwabaye isoko yo guhumekwa kw'ibisekuruza bikiri bato, kandi doderdal Kon-Tika Docume ". Umugenzi uzwi cyane yasuye impande zose z'isi no mu bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko inyanja idahagarika, ariko guhuza abantu.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umushakashatsi uzaza kumugabane ninyanja mu majyepfo ya Noruveje havutse, muri komini ya Layvik. Umutware w'umuryango yakoraga inzoga mu nzego ze bwite, Mama, umufana w'inyigisho za Charles Darwin, yakoraga mu nzu ndangamurage ya Anthropology. Ni we wakanguye mu Mwana we ashishikajwe no kwiga isi mu buryo butandukanye.
Umusore yishimiye kwishima mu bwenge bwa zoologiya ndetse avumbura "Zoomus" mu cyumba, se yarebaga kure y'inzoga. Imurikagurisha nyamukuru rya Inzu Ndangamurage ni Gaduk. Ariko ikintu cyamazi kizaza navator kizaza cyahumetse ubwoba: mu bwana n'urubyiruko, urugendo rw'izamu rwitegereza kabiri mu rupfu, hafi kurohama.
Nyuma, umugenzi yemeye ko afite imyaka 17 niyo yigitekerezo kivuga ko yari kuba mu nyanja yuzuye ku bwato bwaho bwamutera ubwoba butarondoreka. Ariko muri 22 Heerdal yatsindiye ubwoba: Kugwa mu ruzi rw'umuyaga, agera ku butaka yumva ko yatsinze ikintu.
Mu 1933, umusore w'imyaka 19 yabaye umunyeshuri wa kaminuza ya kera y'igihugu, iherereye mu murwa mukuru. Nkuko byari byateganijwe, yinjiye mu Ishami risanzwe ry'akarere, aho yinjiye mu isi ishimishije ya siyanse n'umutwe we.
Ingendo
Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi 7, igihembwe cya kaminuza, kuzenguruka Heerdal byasohotse hamwe n'ibigo bibiri by'Abadage. Christina bonnevi na elmar Brock yateguye umushinga wemerewe gushakishwa na Fauna yibirwa bya kure bya Polonuziya. Intego yumushinga ni ukumenya uburyo inyamaswa zinyamanswa ziboneka kuri icyo kirwa.
Heyerdal, arota ingendo nubushakashatsi mu bihugu bidasubirwaho, bimaze igihe kinini biteganijwe murugendo. Muri kaminuza, yegereye umuhanga wo muri Noruveje n'umugenzi wari wabayeho imyaka myinshi ku birwa bya Polynesia. Bierne Haryne yinjiye mu cyizere cy'abayobozi ba Taiti afata icyegeranyo gikize cy'ikintu cy'iminwa.
Urugendo rwo Gutabaza HealDel Explorer yemerewe gukoresha isomero Umuhanga umuhanga mu bya siyansi yamenye ubumenyi bwubuzima mubirwa byamayobera. Ubucuti no gufunga, nyuma abarimu bava i Berlin bahaye umusingi aho heerdal yirukanye mubushakashatsi bwa siyansi.
Mu 1937, umuhanga hamwe numuhanga ukiri muto Liv yagiye mu birwa bya Marquis. Inzira y'abashyingiranywe ikwirakwira muri Marseille, kuva aho hakurya y'inyanja ya Atalantika na Panama Couple yambutse amazi ya pasifika maze agera ku ntego nyamukuru - Tahiti.
Ku kirwa cy'abashyingiranywe cyatuye mu nzu y'Umuyobozi, uwo kubabaza amaso y'abaheruwe n'ubururu 23 yaguye gutya umuryango w'igivumo aramurera, atanga izina ry'ikirere cy'ubururu.
Urugendo n'umugore we rwarujwe na siyanse yo kubaho nta nyungu z'umuco, nkoresheje ko imiterere yatanzwe. Twize inzoga ya Flora na Fauna. Umwaka umwe, umushakashatsi yasobanuye igice cy "Tayiti" cya biografi mu gitabo cya mbere, cyitwa "gushaka paradizo".
Mu mpera za 1940, Urugendo rwa Heydal rwagiye ku nkombe z'Ubwongereza Columbiya kugira ngo bige abaturage b'Abahinde neza. Ariko intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose yahagaritse akazi k'umuhanga wabonaga ko umwenda winjira mu nzego z'ingabo.
Mu Bwongereza, Heyerdal yize Radari, hamwe n'ingabo zifatanije, ibohoza igihugu mu Nazi. Ku ibihembo bigaragarira byahawe ibihembo, kandi umwihariko wakiriwe waje gukomera ku rugendo rw'umuhanga rwakomeje nyuma y'intambara.
Mu 1946, Tour Heyerdal, gusesengura ibikoresho no kwitegereza mu b'imbere intambara rugendo, gushyira imbere ho biyumviriye amanga ku baturage Polyesia n'abantu kuva Amerika, na si majyepfo ya Aziya, nk'uko abatohozakahise babonaga imbere ko. Afatanyabikorwa benshi ntibumviye n'abahanga, kandi we, kugira ngo yerekane neza, akoranya urugendo. Icyifuzo cyo kujya mu rugendo hamwe na Noruveje cyagaragaje ko abakunzi bane na Suwede imwe.
Muri Peru, abitabiriye amahugurwa bakoze urugendo, bamwita "con-Tika", bagenda ku muhengeri w'inyanja ya pasifika. Nyuma ya 101, umunsi w'ikigo watotswe ku bitare bya birwa bya Tuamot.
Rero, umuhanga yerekanye ko ku ruhare rw'urugo afite ubwato, ahabwa unyuze kuri ubu, urashobora gusiga inyanja no kunyura mu birwa bya Polineziya. Nyuma rero, abakurambere be, abakurambere ba Polonesian bakoze, ibi byavuzwe mu mateka y'icyesipanyoli.
Indorerezi hamwe no guhangayikishwa n'urugendo rw'ingendo zasobanuwe mu gitabo cya kabiri, cyahindutse urugendo - "urugendo rwo kujya muri Kon-tiki. Umwanditsi ushimishije kandi uzi ubwenge yimuriwe mu ndimi 66, na filime documentaire zerekeye kuri navigator mu 1952 yakiriye Oscar. Heyerdal ubwe yakuye kaseti.
Hagati ya 1950, umuhanga yagiye gushakisha kurwa kwa pasika no ku bisubizo by'urugendo yanditse umushukanyi mushya, amuhamagara "Aku-aku. Amayobera y'izinga rya Pasika. " Kimwe n'ibitabo byose, byasohotse munsi y'ibaba ry'abahanga bo muri Noruveje, igitabo cyakiriye igisubizo gishyushye cyabasomyi kwisi yose.
Mu rugendo, kuzenguruka Helerdal byashimishijwe no ubwato bwigunga. Mu 1969, umushakashatsi yahaye akazi amato ava mu kiyaga. Abubatsi, ukurikije imiterere n'ibishushanyo by'ibimbo bya kera byo muri Egiputa, byateguye icyombo cya Papyrusi, cyaciwe ku kiyaga cya Etiyopiya.
Ubwato, itsinda ryatanze izina "Ra", ryakomokaga ku nkombe za Maroc. Ariko yamaze ibyumweru bya Atlantike mu byumweru byinshi aragenda. Itsinda ryasize "ra".
Mu myaka ya za 70, urugendo rwa Heierdal hamwe na muganga n'umugenzi baturutse mu Burusiya Yuri Senkevich ndetse n'abandi dukorana batanu bo mu migabane yose bashize kuri "Ra-II", bashingiye ku makosa yashize na ba shebuja boliviya. Abagize ubwo bukerarugendo bageze ku ntego - Ikirwa cya Barubade. Heyerdal yerekanye ko ababana b'Abanyamisiri bakoresheje ubwato na Canary ubu barashobora gutsinda inyanja no kumenagura inkombe za Amerika. Kandi mu iya mbere, birananirana, no ku wa kabiri wambaye ikamba ryambitswe ikamba, ingendo zagize uruhare muri Sekevich.
Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1978, abagenzi batwitse baracyakwiriye gutembera "Tigiri", bigaragambya intambara. Kuzenguruka Hererdal yasabye ibaruwa yandikiye un Kurt Waldheim no kubantu bose beza, basaba gutekereza kubikorwa byumuco, bishobora gutwikwa no kujya hasi nka "tigris".
Mu 1983-84, Norvege yashakishije imirumbe mbere yavumbuwe muri Malidiya, asanga imfatiro n'indaka "iburasirazuba, kimwe n'amabuye y'iburasirazuba, ndetse n'amabuye y'ibumoso, ndetse n'amabuye y'ibumoso, ndetse n'amabuye menshi ya bangaigator ya kera. Bose bagaragaye mu gitabo "Malidi".
Mu ntangiriro ya za 90, umuhanga yagiye muri Tenerife asuzuma Pyramide yo muri kaminuza ya Leta ya korir. Heyerdal niwe wambere wakekaga ko iyi ari ishema yubaka, kandi ntabwo ari indege idasanzwe yamabuye, nkabonwaya ibitekerezo. Mu 1993, Heyerdal yajyanye ubutumburuke ku miyoboro maze asanga piramide yubatswe mu kinyejana cya 15 yatsembye Abesipayiniya ba Guangchi.
Mu ntangiriro ya 2000, umugenzi yagiye mu Burusiya, agambiriye gushaka ibimenyetso byerekana ko Abanyanoruveje bageze mu turere ubu dutwarwa na Coast ya Azov. Umuhanga yasesenguye ibyo yabonye kandi asobanurwa mu bihimba "ashakisha odin. Mu kirenge cyahise. "
Yasuye Noruveje kandi atabaza Noruveje no muri Caucase, yakoresheje ubucukuzi bwa Don. Yashyize imbere mu nyigisho yo kwimura imiryango yo mu karere kazov kuri Scandinaviya, yazanye abanyamateka n'abayobozi ba bagenzi be, bitaga umushakashatsi bafite amazi. Ariko ntamuntu numwe washoboraga guhanagura verisiyo ya heydala.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Uwo mwashakanye wa mbere w'umushakashatsi yari umuhanga mu bukungu bwo gushinga liv kusheron-torp. Hamwe numukobwa gutembera Heerdal yateraniye muri kaminuza. Afite Liv, yagiye mu rugendo rwa mbere akoresha ukwezi kwa buki mu nzu y'umuyobozi yerekeza Tahiti. Hanyuma abashyingiranywe bimukiye muri kimwe mu birwa bya Marquis, aho umwaka wabaga ku byagezweho.
Intambara hamwe nurugendo rukurikira rwo muri Kon-Tika rwakuyeho abo bashakanye. Kumenya ubwiza bwa Ivonne Dedekam Simonen yashyize ingingo mu ishyingiranwa ryabanje, aho abahungu babiri bagenda.
Kuzenguruka Heyerdal yashakanye. Ivonne yahaye umugabo we ku bakobwa batatu. Umugore yaherekeje uwo bashakanye mu ngendo zikomeye kandi yazanye gahunda mu mazu abiri ya Hayerdal - muri Oslo n'Ubutaliyani.
Mu mpera za 1960, umugenzi yatandukanye na Ivonne. Ubukwe bwa gatatu bwabaye mu 1991, igihe Heerdal arir 77. Jacqueline Bir, wahoze atsindiye amarushanwa meza, arongora arumurwa kandi akabana na we kugeza ku iherezo ry'ubuzima. Ubwa mbere, abashakanye bahunze cyane muri Riviera y'Ubutaliyani, abashakanye bagendera kuri Tenerife.
Urupfu
Kuzenguruka Helerdal yapfiriye mu mpeshyi yo mu 2001. Umuhanga w'imyaka 87 yapfuye azize ikibyimba mu bwonko mu Butaliyani, mu isambu zijimye mu mujyi wa Alassio. Kuruhande rw'Imperuka hari abana na jaceline. Ukwezi kumwe mbere y'urupfu rw'ibumoso yanze ibiyobyabwenge n'ibiryo.
Yashyinguye umugenzi uzwi cyane mu mutungo w'Ubutaliyani. Urwibutso rwo kuzenguruka imyembe ndashimira comptriots yubatswe mubuzima.
Mu 2006, "Kon-Tika" yakoraga urugendo rwa Tangaroa (izina ry'icyubahiro cyo mu ijuru rya Posiyo ya Polonusiziya) kuva mu bantu batandatu, muri bo muri bo harimo umwungeri wa siyansi ya Wolve Hayer.
Bibliografiya
- 1938 - "Mugushakisha paradizo"
- 1948 - "Urugendo rwo" con-Tika "»
- 1952 - "Amahirwe y'Igitekerezo kimwe"
- 1957 - "AKU-AKU. Amayobera ya Pasika
- 1970 - "RA"
- 1974 - "Fatu-khiva. Garuka muri kamere "
- 1975 - "Ubuhanzi bw'ikirwa cya pasika"
- 1978 - "Umuntu wa kera n'inyanja"
- 1979 - "Ubwongereza" Tigris "
- 1986 - "Maldives Amayobera"
- 1989 - "Ikirwa cya Pasika: Amayobera atangaje"
- 1992 - "Inyanja itishoboye"
- 1998 - "Mu kirenge cya Adamu"
- 2001 - "Mugukurikirana umwe. Mu kirenge cyahise kwacu "
Ubuvumbuzi
- Heyerdal yerekanye ko bishoboka guhuza imibereho ya Mediterane na Amerika yepfo
- Kuzenguruka Helerdal yashyize imbere hypothesis ko Polynesia yatuwe muri Amerika, kandi ntabwo avuye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya
- Yerekanye ko bishoboka guhuriza hamwe inyanja ya pasifika mu cyerekezo cyiburengerazuba kuva mu gice cyo hagati muri Amerika yepfo
- Kuzenguruka Heerdal wasanze igice cya zahabu izwi
- Umugenzi yavumbuye abapfuye ba guimar batereranywe ku kirwa cya Tenerife, agaragaza igitekerezo ku cyerekezo cy'inyenyeri
- Nerekanye ko bidashoboka gukiza imbuto za coconut mumazi yinyanja, bivuze ko kudashobora kumurongo udasanzwe (ukoresheje imikindo idasanzwe (ukoresheje imikindo idasanzwe (kumikindo) yimikindo ya colut yo mu kirwa cya Polut. Imbuto zitwara abantu
- Yerekanye ko umubano w'ubucuruzi hagati y'Ubuhinde na Mezopotamia