Ubuzima
Umwanditsi w'Uburusiya Ivan Goncharov yakoze ibitabo bitatu. Nibo bazanye umwanditsi icyamamare cy'Ijambo Databuja. Birashimishije kubona amazina yibitabo bitatu atangirana ninyuguti "OB".
Ibihe bizaza byavutse mu mpeshyi, ku ya 6 Kamena 1812, muri Simbirsk. Umuryango wamaze kurekura umuhungu w'imfura Nikolai. Ababyeyi b'Umwana - Alexander Ivanovich na Avdata Matveyevna - bari mu ishuri ry'umucuruzi. Nyuma yimyaka mike nyuma yo kuvuka kwa Ivan, abakobwa babiri bagaragaye mumuryango wa potion. GOncharov hamwe nubushyuhe bwibutse ubwana muri autobiografiya.
Igihe umwana yari afite imyaka irindwi, Padiri Alexander Ivanovich yitabye Imana. Hanyuma NIKOLAY NIKOLAYEVIH Tregubov yafashe uburere bwa Ivan gito. Yasimbuye se. Kandi nubwo umuryango wabuze umutsima, Avdoti Matpevna yari afite amafaranga ahagije yo kutabangamira gushinga abana.
Umwarimu wambere wumwana yari Tregubov. Hanyuma Ivan yoherejwe kuri pansiyo yihariye. Afite imyaka icumi, umuhungu yimuriwe mwishuri aho murumuna yari amaze kuba. Ngaho Goncharov yagumye kumyaka cumi n'umunani, nubwo ntakunze umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza. Izina rya Ivan Alexandrovich ryakunze kwitabwaho "akanama gatukura". Muri iyo myaka, abasore bakanguye gukunda ibitabo no kwandika. Yishyuye ibitabo byinshi byo gusoma.
Urugero rwo kwigana Goncharov rwabonaga umusizi wa Alexander Sergeevich fushkin. Igitabo "Evgeny Onegin" cyabaye kuri Ivan Ibyahishuwe. Ubufasha bwo gusunika, umwanditsi yaretse mubuzima bwose. Umunsi umwe, Goncharov yagize amahirwe yo kubona ikigirwamana. Inama yasize imvura yibuka.
Mu 18330, Goncharov yakuwe ku rutonde rw'abayobozi babisabwe na nyina. Ubucuruzi ukunda bwatumye Umuremyi w'ejo hazaza kugira ngo abone uburezi muri kaminuza ya Moscou. Mu 1831, Ivan Alexandrovich yatsinze ibizamini byo kwinjira maze aba umunyeshuri wa kaminuza. Imyaka itatu murukuta rwikigo yazanye umusanzu ukomeye muri biografiya yumwanditsi. Igihe kimwe, Mikhail Lemontov, Kontantin Akswakov, Vissarin Akrinsky, muri kaminuza icyarimwe n'umusore muri kaminuza.
Mu 1834, ubushakashatsi bwaragumye inyuma, Goncharov ajya kuri simbirsk kureba nyina na bashiki bacu. Umusore nubwo yari mu nyigisho ze yerekanaga ko atazaguma mu mujyi kavukire kavukire. Umwanditsi yakuyeho ubuzima bwa metropolitan. Ariko bageze mu rubaho kavukire, Ivan Alexandrovich yahawe umwanya w'umunyamabanga. Yatekereje kandi arabyemera.
Icyakora, akazi kararambiranye ko nyuma y'amezi cumi n'umwe ya Goncharov yagiye muri St. Petersburg, aho yakuye umusemuzi wa inzandiko ziva mu ndimi z'amahanga. Urubanza rwagaragaye ko rudafite ishingiro kandi rusigaye igihe cyo kwandika. Hanyuma Goncharov yinjiye mu muryango wa Nikolai Apolloovich Majkova. Yigishije abahungu b'indimi z'ikilatini n'ubuvanganzo bw'Abarusiya. Umutungo wa Micken wafatwaga nkigigo cyumuco cya palmyra y'Amajyaruguru. Hano ivan Alexandrovich yinjiye mwisi ya Bohemia.
Ubuvanganzo
Mu 1838, Goncharov yashyizeho "guhirika ubutegetsi bwa Lychyaya." Umwaka umwe, umurimo wa kabiri wa Rurema wagaragaye - "ikosa ryishimye". Inyandiko zombi zinjiye mu nyandiko yandikishijwe intoki "Ijoro ry'ukwezi" na "Snowdrop", zasohotse mu muryango wa Maikov. Umukono wa Goncharov ntabwo wari uhagaze munsi yimirimo. Inyandiko zaje kutabogama.
Igihe kirenze, imirimo yumwanditsi yakoraga imbaraga. Yahuye na Belinsky, yasuye inzu y'abanditsi. Mu 1846, umwanditsi wa Novice yasomye kunegura "inkuru isanzwe", aho yagumye yishimye. Mu 1847, imirimo yasohotse mu "gihe cya mbere".
Kugaragara k'umubilinsky mubuzima bwa Goncharov byagize uruhare runini cyane. Muri "inyandiko kuri kamere ya Belinsky", umwanditsi ufite ubushyuhe yibuka inama n'inama zo kunegura. Ariko ntibabaye abakunzi. GOncharov yavugije gusahura ibihugu by'Ababilinsky n'ibitekerezo by'impinduramatwara y'Ubufaransa, kandi kunegura igisubizo cyitwa umwanditsi umugabo ufite icupa.
Mu 1848, mu kinyamakuru "Sovremennik" yasohotse inyandiko "ivan savvich pzharabrin".
Nyuma yimyaka ine, Goncharov yagiye mu Buyapani hamwe na Admiral Efimy Vasilyevich Putyin kuri Fortweda "Pallada" mu ruhare rw'umunyamabanga. Urugendo rwamaze imyaka ibiri n'igice kandi ruhagarikwa kubera intangiriro y'intambara y'Iburasirazuba.
Mu ngendo, umwanditsi yayoboye inyandiko zirambuye zari zishingiye ku gitabo "Pallada frigate". Inkonzi y'injangwe yabonye urumuri mu 1858 ihinduka ibintu bishya mu ruziga rw'ubuvanganzo. Abasomyi bamenyesheje igitabo nk'idirishya ku isi nshya idafite amakuru, abagenzi babwiwe.
Gusubira mu koga, Goncharov yahise ava ku kazi. Umwanditsi yahawe umwanya wo kongera kugenzura mu kinyamakuru cyo mu majyaruguru, arabyemera. Mu 1859, "ingamba zizwi" zasohotse, zimaze gutsinda cyane. Igitabo cyafatwaga na filozofiya. Bidatinze, ijambo "Oblomovshchina" ryagaragaye mu bantu.
Mu 1862, umwanditsi yayobowe na Mail y'Amajyaruguru. Mu 1865, yinjiye mu banyamuryango mu buhanzi bwambere, kandi mu 1867 yasezeye ku ntera rusange. Umwanditsi yemeye icyemezo nk'iki, kubera ko ikibazo cyabujije akazi.
Mu 1869, yarangije igitabo cya gatatu "Obrax". Kurenza ubwonko bwa nyuma bwa Goncharov bwakoze imyaka makumyabiri, ariko igitabo nticyatsinze abasomyi. Mumaze kurangiza "gufungura", Umuremyi yashyizeho ingingo muri tralogy yaremwe na we. Mubikorwa bitatu bya Goncharov, ibyiciro byikurikiranya byiterambere ryu Burusiya byabaye. Hatariho igitabo cya nyuma, ibimenyetso byumwanditsi byakomeza kuba byiza cyane.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwumuntu bwa kera bwarananiranye. Ntiyigeze arubatse kandi ntiyari azi umunezero w'ububyeyi. Igihe kinini Goncharov yakundaga Yefremov Dmitmievna, Indy Evgenia Petrovna Makova. Ariko umukobwa yirekura ubukwe nundi mugabo.
Mu 1855, umwanditsi yarenze ku byiyumvo bishya. Yahuye na Elizabeti Vasilyevna tolstoy, hafi y'inzu ya Mikey. Ubutumwa bw'umwanditsi ku tolstoy burashobora gufatwa nkibiremwa bitandukanye byamagambo, urukundo rwinshi numubabaro muri bo. Ariko mu 1857 yahujwe no gushyingirwa na Alexey Ivanovich Musin-Funkin. Ibi byamennye umutima.
Goncharov yari inshuti na Ivan Sergeevich turrinev. Ariko nyuma ya 1860, Goncharov, soma umurongo uva kuri "cliff" mu bigize turgenev, umubano w'abanditsi bakomeye baraciwe. Ivan Alexandrovich ndetse yateje Turgenev kuri duel, ariko noneho abahoze ari inshuti bangaga muri uyu mushinga.
Urupfu
Mu myaka ya nyuma yubuzima bwumwanditsi yatsinze depression. Yumvaga afite irungu kandi atishoboye. Igihe kimwe nashakaga kwicara mu gitabo gishya, ariko narabijugunye, kuko nahimbye buhoro. GOncharov yakomeje gukora ingingo zingenzi kubitabo.
Ku ya 12 Nzeri 1891, umwanditsi yari akonje. Iyi ndwara yateye imbere byihuse kandi nyuma yiminsi itatu umwanditsi yapfuye azira ibihaha. Umurage Ivan Alexandrovich watsinditse umuryango w'umugaragu.
Mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro, umuhanda i Moscou, Penza, Saransk, Cheboksopol, Simfuropol n'indi mijyi. Muri Ulyanovsk na Dimitrovgrad, umwanditsi yashyizwe ku nzibutso, kandi icyapa cyo kwibuka cyashyizwe mu kimenyetso cya Mariank-Lazne. Izina ry'umunegura ryitwa inzu ndangamurage, kare, isomero, ikinamico n'ibiruhuko. Premigium ku bitabo byitiriwe Enncharov yashizweho.
Mu mwaka wa 2012, igiceri cyasohotse hamwe n'ishusho ya Goncharov mu rwego rwo kwizihiza isabukuru yimyaka 200 umwanditsi. Urutonde rwari kopi 5.000.
Muri 2012, Mana yasohowe munsi yizina "inkono nini yazimye." Imwe mu ntwari za comic nizina Ivan goncharov. Ku ifoto inyuguti ishushanywa hamwe numusatsi muremure wumuhondo kumukandara, amaso atoroshye, izuru ryumwotsi numunwa munini. Hejuru yumutwe utwikiriye bande. Ivan ifite ubugenzuzi buhebuje super super.
Bibliografiya
- 1838 - "LYHAI KERAHAMWE"
- 1839 - "Ikosa ryishimye"
- 1842 - "Ivan Savvich Podzharbin"
- 1846 - "Amateka asanzwe"
- 1858 - "FRVAV" Pallada "
- 1859 - "Oblomov"
- 1869 - "Fungura"
- 1872 - "Miriyoni TorZani"
- 1874 - "Inyandiko kuri kamere ya Belinsky"
- 1875 - "Na none" Hamlet "mu Burusiya"
- 1891 - "Guhinduka kw'igihe"