Ubuzima
Intumwa Andrey niwe wa mbere - uwambere mu ntumwa cumi na zibiri, wabaye umunyeshuri wa Yesu Kristo. Ku gishushanyo cyerekanwe nkumugabo ufite ubwanwa buto muri imyenda itukura cyangwa icyatsi, ifata mumaboko yumusaraba ugororotse cyangwa oblique, hamwe numuzingo cyangwa igitabo. Nkoresheje izina rye, izina "Andreevsky Cross" rirahuzwa, rihurira kubendera n'ibindi bimenyetso. Izina rye rishinzwe gushyirwaho na Petero I, igihembo kinini cy'Uburusiya - gahunda ya Mutagatifu Andereya yahamagaye.
Bifatwa nkumukunzi wa Betant yabarobyi ninyanja. Ibendera rya Andreevsky (oblique Cross Cross kumurongo wera) ni ibendera rya ndwana na federasiyo y'Uburusiya. Itorero rya orotodogisi ryizihiza umunsi w'intumwa 13 Ukuboza. Mu nsengero zahariwe Andrey wahamagaye, kuri uyumunsi ibirori byo gusetsa. Abaturage ba Andreev barizihizwa ku ya 30 Ugushyingo, iyi ni imwe mu minsi mikuru ya mbere yo kuzenguruka imbeho.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ubuzima bw'intumwa bushingiye muri Bibiliya buvuga ko abavandimwe Andrei na Simoni bavutse bakurira muri Wethssaid ku nkombe z'inyanja ya Galilaya, se yari umurobyi witwa ion. Abarobyi bakiri bato bimukiye mu mujyi wa Kaperinawumu uturanye, aho bavaga mu nyanja (mubyukuri ari ikiyaga kinini cyamazi meza) ku bwinshi.
Kuva mu rubyiruko, Andrei yashakaga inzira igana ku Mana. Yanze kurongora kandi ayobora ubuzima buhebuje. Igihe Yohana Umubatiza yatangiraga guhanura ku bijyanye no kuba Mesiya yahise aha, umusore yavuye mu rugo agera ku mutagatifu. Amaze kubatizwa muri Yorodani, Andrei asigarana na Yohana, afata umwanya mu bigishwa be bakomeye, yumvaga ubutumwa bwe kandi ategereza ko Umukiza ugaragara.
Dukurikije Ivanjili ya Yohana, guhura na Yesu byabereye kuri Yorodani. Umukiza yaje kwa John umurinzi, witwaga Umwagazi w'intama w'Imana muri bose. Nyuma yibyo, Andrei ava mu Bababa maze aba umunyeshuri wa mbere wa Kristo. Nyuma asubira i Kaperinawumu kandi yemera ko murumuna we yinjira mu ntumwa.
Mu Ivanjili ya Matayo, handitswe ko mwarimu ubwe yabonye abanyeshuri b'ejo hazaza igihe bajugunye imiyoboro yo kuroba. Yesu yahamagaye abavandimwe asezeranya kubahindura "abifata abantu". Andrei na Simoni baratumiwe basiga Yesu, aho Simoni yakiriye izina rishya Petero, na Andrei bavugwa ku izina rya mbere.
Mu buryo butandukanye na Petero, Andrei ntabwo yagaragaye mu ruziga rw'intumwa n'amagambo aranguruye kandi akora ibikorwa bityaye, ariko yinjira mu muntu witonze. Mbere ya Pasika, igihe byari bikenewe kugaburira imbaga, ni Andrei wabonye umuhungu ufite imigati itanu n'amafi abiri, byagwiriye mu buryo bw'igitangaza, ni kugwira abantu bashonje. Yashubije ikibazo cy'abapagani, bashakishaga i Yerusalemu b'uyu Mana.
Ivanjili ya Mariko ivuga ko Mutagatifu Andrei yari kumwe na mwarimu ku musozi wa Eleo5kaya maze amenya iherezo ryisi. Umunyeshuri wizerwa yitabiriye kubambwa kwa Kristo, izuka rye no kuzamuka. Nyuma y'iminsi 50 nyuma yo kuzuka, intumwa zagabanije Umwuka Wera kandi basanga ubushobozi bwa ndenga. Noneho barashobora gukiza abantu b'impfa no kubwiriza mu ndimi zitandukanye.
Umurimo wa gikristo
Intumwa zajugunye Loti nhitamo icyerekezo cy'inzira yandi. Uwera Andrey yaguye mu muhanda ujya mu bihugu aryamye ku nkombe y'inyanja y'umukara. Hafi ya hose, aho umubwiriza yazanye ubutumwa bwiza, yahuye nazo mu kwandika. Abategetsi birukanwe mu mutagatifu wo mu migi, abaturage barababaje kandi ntibabemerera ijoro. Muri Sinep, abapagani bakorewe umugambi usuzumwa n'iyicarubozo w'ubugome, ariko umurambo wa Andrei wavutse warakize n'ubushake bw'Imana.
Amaherezo, mu mujyi wa Byzantiya wa Thrantia, inkuru n'ibitangaza byerekana abantu bera. Mu kigo kizaza cy'ubukristo bw'Uburasirazuba, yabonye abanyeshuri 70 kandi bashinze itorero, ryerekejwe nashyizweho na Andrey Umwepiskopi wa mbere w'ibigega. Andrei yashyizeho abapadiri, babategeka gukora amakaramu kandi bakigisha abantu, na we ubwe arakomeza.
Umubwiriza ntabwo yakijije umubiri we gusa, ahubwo yazuye abapfuye. Amashusho ane atavuzwe n'abagabo babiri bapfuye bazize impamvu zitandukanye bavuzwe mubuzima bwa Mutagatifu. Igitangaza cyizuka gihora cyaganiriwe kubatizwa ryabatangabuhamya b'iki gikorwa. Mu ntumwa ya FESALOONKI yagerageje kuzamura inyamaswa zo mu gasozi, ahubwo ingwe aho kuba umutagatifu ungatanishe umuhungu wa virumba ya Proconsula. Amasengesho maremare Andrei yagarutse umwana mubuzima.
I Patra, intumwa yazuye kurohama mirongo ine, yoherereje kuva muri Makedoniya. Ubwato hamwe nabanyeshuri ba Andrei bazahindukira mugihe cyumuyaga, ariko inyanja yaremye imibiri yose kandi ikesha imbaraga z'amasengesho yo mu isengesho ryera, ibintu byose byarangiye. Uyu mugani usobanura gusenga Mutagatifu Andereya nk'umurinzi w'abasare. Mu mujyi wa Jeworujiya wa Azikuri, izuka rimwe gusa ni ibihagije kugira ngo bifate abenegihugu mubukristo.
Abanyamateka b'Abakristo bahuje ibivugwa mu ivugabutumwa n'imishuro yabo y'ababwirizarugo. Euseviya Seesarian yanditse kubyerekeye Minisiteri ya Andrei muri Sicythia. Mu 1116, umumonaki w'imyuga ku mategeko ya Vladimir Monomakh yashyizemo ubutumwa bw'ubutumwa bwa Andrei na Ubwa mbere yahamagaye mu Burusiya mu Burusiya "Umugani wa Byagi.
Nyuma, abazima bongerewemo inkuru irambuye kubyerekeye urugendo rwera rwa Crimée i Roma binyuze muri ladoga. Nk'uko iyi verisiyo, Andrei yahagurutse Dnieper, amaze gusimbuka ku misozi ishimishije, abona umujyi munini ufite amatorero mu nzozi. Bukeye bwaho, bavuga ibya Inzozi kuri bagenzi be, bahanura urufatiro mu mwanya wa Kiev, aha umugisha imisozi, ategeka umusaraba umwe muri bo.
Byongeye kandi, unaniwe mu buryo intumwa yashishikarizwa mu bwogero bwa Novgorod, nyuma yabwiye inshuti ze i Roma. Mu gihe cyo hagati, umugani urambuye: Kureka Umusaraba hafi y'Igiti hafi y'umudugudu wa Jeworujiya ku nkombe z'igihanga cya Valaam, hafi ku gusenya indwara ya kap na erinun no kuzenguruka no kuzenguruka Abahoze ari abapadiri mubukristo. Ba uko bishoboka, abatuye Ukraine n'Uburusiya bazubaha Andereya Andereya wahamagaye bwa mbere na Patron yabo.
Urupfu
Intumwa yemeye ko abahowe mu mujyi wa Patras w'Abagereki ba Getras ahagana mu 67 bo mu kinyejana cya mbere. Muri uyu mujyi, Mutagatifu Andrei yabayeho imyaka myinshi, abwiriza kandi ayobora umuryango wa gikristo. Umutego Egeat yabonaga ko ibikorwa by'abakristu bibangamira imbaraga ze, kandi bitegeka kuba umubwiriza utitayeho ku musaraba. Uzirikanaga n'ibyifuzo by'abatagatifu bifatanije ko badakwiriye kwigana urupfu rwa Yesu, imbunda yatorewe kuri igikoresho, nyuma yitwa Andreevsky.
Andrei wo kwitwa bwa mbere ntabwo yakomanze ku musaraba, ariko ahambira amaboko n'amaguru kumusaraba. Iminsi ibiri intumwa yabwirije abigishwa be kumusaraba. Abateze amatwi basabye guhagarika iyicarubozo, bangamiye imvururu, na Egeat bategetse abarinzi guhambura umumaritiri. Ariko, uwera yamaze gushyiraho kugirango apfe kandi imitwe idacika ku mbaraga z'abasirikare. Iyo ubugingo bwintumwa yera bwavuye mu mubiri, umusaraba urabagirana cyane, hanyuma isoko yatsindiyeho aha hantu.
Ibisigisigi bya Mutagatifu N'umusaraba n'umusaraba, aho yapfiriyeho, yakoresheje bwa mbere ku muryango w'abami w'Abaroma, Constance II yajyanywe i Constantinople kandi ibashyira mu itorero ry'intumwa zera. Mu kinyejana cya 9, umutwe n'ibisigisigi by'umusaraba watandukanijwe n'ibisigisigi bisubira ku bice. Nyuma yo gufatwa abapiyenyi mu 1460, Paleologust ya Mema Paleologue yazigamye umutwe wa musambura wera kandi unyura mu musaraba w'impushya kandi bimurira urusengero kugeza kuri Papa wa Roma II.
Mu 1964, urusengero rwasubiye mu buryo bukubiye mu masezerano hagati ya Pape Paul vi n'abahagarariye itorero rya orotodogisi ya Elaladic. Umutwe Wera abikwa muri katedrali ya Andrei wa mbere, yubatswe mu 1974 hafi yinkomoko. Mu itorero rinini rya orotodogisi ry'Ubugereki, redlique-relaque-relaque yashizwemo, aho ibice byumusaraba, wabaye intwaro y'urupfu rw'umutagatifu.
Mu rusengero rwa kera rw'intumwa Andrei, ruherereye iruhande rwa Katedrali, rubika igice cy'urutoki rw'intumwa. Urusengero rwerekanye Patram mu 1847 n'Umunyacyubahiro w'Uburusiya Andrei Muravyev, wakiriye nabi abihayimana ku musozi wa Athos. Imbaraga zisigaye ziratatanye kandi zibikwa nicyubahiro mumijyi itandukanye yuburayi.
Nk'uko umugani uvuga ko umumonaki w'ikigereki utuje kugira ngo yerekane umumarayika yafashe ibisigisigi bya St. Andereya muri Scotland. Umudugudu watoye watojwe, uhindukirira umujyi wa Mutagatifu Andrusi, wabaye umurwa mukuru w'itorero. Ibisigi bibitswe muri katedrali yo mu mujyi, kandi intumwa Andrei yubahwa nk'umurinzi wa Scotland.
Undi mugani avuga ko mu 1208, abakomoka ku mujyi wa Amalifiya ry'Ubutaliyani, aho babitswe muri katedrali yaho ya St. Andereya, yubatswe muri Norman-Byzantine. Mu Budage, Sandal n'umusumari bivuye ku musaraba wa Croily Wera bibikwa mu Budage muri Katedrali. Igice cya St. Andereya yari muri katedrali yo mu mujyi wa Mantua.
Mu Burusiya, hari urufatiro rw'intumwa yera rwose - intumwa yitwaga bwa mbere - umuryango rusange ukora mu gutanga abaparuwasi b'itorero rya orotodogisi mu Burusiya. Urufatiro ruzamurikana buri mwaka umuriro uva i Yerusalemu, uva mu kirere mugihe cya pasika. Muri 2011, umuryango wazanye mu Burusiya umukandara w'inkumi ya gikristo.
Kwibuka
- 1698 - Peter Nashizweho na gahunda ya Mutagatifu Andereya yasabye bwa mbere
- 1754 - Yubatswe Itorero rya Andreevsk i Kiev
- 1865-1940 - Itorero rya Mutagatifu Andrei wa mbere yahamagaye na St. Mariya Magadalena mu mudugudu wa Palkala
- 1899 - A Andrei Varozvannaya "yatangijwe ku mazi, ubwambere yubatse ubushakashatsi mu bushakashatsi bw'Ubwami bw'Uburusiya
- 1906 - Yafunguwe Stade Umukino "Saint-Anderes" i Birmingham
- 1906 - Yatangijwe ku mazi yashushanyije - Andrey Varozvanny
- 1974 - Yubatswe katedrali ya Andrei ya mbere yahamagaye mu mujyi wa Patras ku gice cya Peloponnese
- 1991 - Indirimbo yanditswe "Kugenda hejuru y'amazi" Amatsinda ya Nautilus Pompilius
- 1992 - Yashinze umusingi wumutagatifu wintumwa ya Andrei yahamagaye bwa mbere
- 2003 - Urwibutso muri BASAYSK
- 2006 - Urwibutso rwafunguye muri Moscou
- 2007 - Itorero ryiyejejwe Itorero rya Andreev i Kalinged
- 2008 - Igitero cy'ubuvuzi bwa orotodogisi no kumurikirwa na Andrey Varozvanaya "ukurikije imidugudu ya kure yo mu karere ka novosibiryk