Ubuzima
Chingiz Aitmatov aracyahinduka umutego wavuzwe mubuvanganzo bwisi. Yanditse mu Burusiya na Kirigizisitani, imirimo ye yahinduwe indimi zirenga 150. Imyifatire ifatika y'umwanditsi yaciwe n'ibitekerezo by'ubujura n'urukundo runini ku bintu byose: abantu, inyamaswa, inyamaswa n'amatungo, ibimera n'umubumbe w'isi yose.
Umwanditsi w'abantu Kirigizisitani na Kazakisitani. Kurambagiza igihembo cya Lenin hamwe na premium eshatu za leta za Usss, igihembo cy'ubuvanganzo cy'uburayi kandi mpuzamahanga cyitiriwe Javaharlala Nehru. Mu 2007, yahawe igihembo kinini muri guverinoma ya Turukiya kubera uruhare yagize mu iterambere ry'umuco wibihugu bivuga. Mu mpeshyi yo mu 2008, Turukiya yatangiye inzira yo gutoza umwanditsi igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel, ariko ntiyigeze agira.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Targhiz Tailtofich aitmatov yavutse ku ya 12 Ukuboza 1928 mu muryango w'abakomunisiti Tortarela aitmatov na Nagidova, maze Nagidova) mu karere ka Talas Canos. Nyuma yo kuvuka kwa NYAGAMENYE, umuryango wimukiye mu mujyi, nk'uko Data yagiye kuzamuka: kuva mu 1929, umwuga wa Torkeyelah Aitmatov uzamuka vuba.
Mu 1933, asanzwe ari umunyamabanga wa kabiri wa komite y'akarere ya Kirigizisitani ya WCP (B). Mu 1935, umutware ukiri muto yabaye umunyeshuri w'ikigo cy'imibare itukura i Moscou, ndetse na we rwimukiye mu murwa mukuru wa USSR. Muri icyo gihe, Nagima yibarutse umugabo we w'Umwana wa Ilgiz, impanga ziratontoma na Lucia (umuhungu yapfuye mu rubyiruko) n'umukobwa warahaze. Mu 1937, mu gutsimbarara ku mugabo we, Nagima khamzievna bajyanye abana bene wabo kuri shekeker.
Se w'umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza yatawe muri yombi muri Nzeri 1937 akekwaho ibikorwa byo mu gihugu cyo kurwanya Abanyasoviyeti no gutondekanya (umurwa mukuru wa Soviet Kirigizisitani). 5 Ugushyingo 1938 yarashe. Umugore w '"umwanzi w'abaturage" yatangajwe n'uburenganzira, ariko abana bose bo mu mukozi wa politiki washangutse bahawe amashuri makuru kandi yinjiye buri rupapuro mu mateka.
Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, abantu bose bakuze barakanguye, kandi Chingiz w'imyaka cumi n'ine yahindutse umwe mu bantu babishoboye muri Tuule maze bafata umwanya w'ubunyamabanga w'Inama y'Abaminiko. Nyuma y'intambara, umusore yashoboye gukomeza amasomo ye: Nyuma y'umwaka umwe wo mu cyaro, yarangije icyubahiro cya Dzhambul Zootechniki maze mu 1948 yinjira mu kigo cy'ubuhinzi cya Kirigizisitani.
Ubuvanganzo
Ubuzima bwo guhanga bw'umwanditsi bwatangiye ku ya 6 Mata 1952 kuva kuri "Kirigizisitani Kirigizisitani" yasohotse mu kinyamakuru "Kirigizisitani" Ikinyamakuru Jüdo. Umwandiko wa mbere w'ubuhanzi wa aitmatov wanditse mu kirusiya - umwe muri bene wabo bombi. Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi mu kigo mu 1953, Geghiz Aitmatov, ya ZotaChiz Aitmatov, yakomeje kwandika inkuru z'intama za Kirigizisitani, yakomeje kwandika inkuru mu kirusiya na Kirigizisitani, gusohora inyandiko mu bitara.
Mu 1956, yahisemo kunoza impamyabumenyi y'umwanditsi ajya i Moscou, aho yinjiye mu masomo yo hejuru. Mugereranije nubushakashatsi bwanditse byinshi. Muri Kamena 1957, Ala-Ala-Ikinyamakuru cyasohoye inkuru yambere yumwanditsi ukiri muto "imbonankubone." Muri uwo mwaka, "Jamil" yasohotse - birashimishije kubona inkuru yatumye umwanditsi uzwi cyane yasohotse mbere yahinduwe mu gifaransa.
UBURYO BW'UBWANDITSWE BWAWANDITSWE MU 1958. Mugihe cya dipoloma, inkuru ebyiri ninkuru zasohowe mu kirusiya. Iittomava yambere y'Abaroma izarekurwa gusa mu 1980. Muri igitabo "Kandi umunsi muremure umara umunsi" ibintu bifatika byubuzima bwiganje hamwe numurongo utangaje wikiremwamuntu hamwe numuco wabanyamahanga wibaza. Birasa nkaho kugera ku gusobanukirwa nabanyamahanga byoroshye kuruta kwemeranya hagati yabo.
Umwanditsi yasubiye mu bwoko bwa siyanse y'ibihimbano hagati ya mirongo ine hagati ya mirongo ineTeti, kwandika Tavro Kassandra - inkuru yerekeye gushyiraho abantu b'ubukorikori. Imirimo isigaye yanditswe muburyo bwa realism. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, Realism yari ishingiye ku basosiyaliste, ariko kubera ubusosiyalisiti ya aitmasi ni iyo kwiheba cyane. Intwari ze zibaho kandi zikababara mubyukuri, ntabwo zihindukirira abamwubatsi bakomeye.
Intwari nyamukuru ya "White Hotemer" ipfa - Umuhungu wemera imigani yica impongo. Muri rusange, imigani n'imigani nibice byingenzi byimigambi ya aitmatov. Amashusho yimigani rimwe na rimwe ahindukirira kuba mwiza cyane. Duhereye ku migani y'abateye bateye ubwoba bahindutse imfungwa mu bagaragu, zambuwe ubwigenge no kwibuka, Ijambo n'ikitekerezo cya "Makut" - umuntu yibagiwe imizi ye mu kirusiya.
Aittatova ya kabiri y'Abaroma, "Floha", irasohoka mu 1986. Muri iki gihe muri SSSR, Mikhail Gorbachev yatangiye kuvugurura, kandi byashobokaga kwandika ku bibazo by'igihugu. Ariko no kurwanya inyuma yo kumenyekanisha "Floh" bitanga ingaruka mbi - igitabo gitera ibibazo byinshi icyarimwe, givuga ibiyobyabwenge na ruswa, kubyerekeye kwizera n'abakozi b'Itorero.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Umwanditsi yashimye ubwiza bwumugore kandi yumvise imico yabagore. Icyemezo cy'aka gakorere byizewe kandi gihuza amashusho yanditse y'abagore mu bitabo bya Chingiza Aitmatov: Jamil ikomeye mu nkuru ya Kosynka "), umunyabwenge wa Tolgonai, Yatakaje abahungu mu ntambara, ariko akabungabunga ubwiza bw'imbere bw'ubugingo ("umurima wa nyina").
Imirimo hafi ya buri wese hari umugore, uhereye kubigaragara kumapaji yimpapuro biba intaro mumico cyangwa umusomyi. Kandi mubuzima bwumwanditsi, ubwiza bwabagore bwagize uruhare runini. Hamwe n'umugore wa mbere, Kerez Shamshana, Chingz yahuye igihe yiga mu kigo cy'ubuhinzi. Umukobwa yize mu kigo cyubuvuzi kandi ashishikajwe no kwivanga ibitabo.
Nyuma y'ishuri, Cyinshi Keerez ndetse yakiriye icyerekezo cy'ikigo cya Moscow, ariko ibintu bifatika ntibyabemeye kugenda. Kerez Shamshayiva yabaye umuganga n'umukuru mwiza, akora muri Minisiteri y'ubuzima bwa Kirigizisitani. Yibarutse abahungu babiri. Sanjar Chanizovich yavutse mu 1954, ni umunyamakuru n'umwanditsi, umucuruzi. Abashar Chatizovich yavutse 1959, aba umuhanga mu by'amateka y'uburiya, umubare rusange.
Mu cyitinda, Chingiz Aitmatov yahuye n'urukundo nyamukuru rw'ubuzima bwe - Ballerina Bybüchear BayShenaliyev. Roman yatangiye i Leningrad amara imyaka cumi n'ine. Abakunzi ntibashoboraga kurongora: umwanya wo hejuru wibisabwa byombi bisabwa kubahwa. Umukomunisiti ntiyashoboraga gutandukana n'umugore we kurongora hamwe numuhanzi wabaturage wa SANSR, hakurikiraho abantu ba mbere ba leta.
Ibyabaye ku mwanditsi byabonye gusohoka mu mirimo ye. Birababaje kubera ko ari ngombwa guhitamo hagati y'umugore na nyirabuja wa Tanabe mu nkuru "Muraho, Gulsary." Akundana n'umupfakazi, igice cy'umukara mu gitabo "n'umunsi wose umara umunsi." Mubikorwa byombi, abagore bakomeje gushingwa muburyo butandukanye kuruta intwari yamagambo, yiteguye kuyobora umutwe wurukundo rushya.
Imyaka cumi nine yatangije ihuza ryibanga, ibitangaza byinshi byagiye muri Repubulika. Budius wa Bayshenaliyeva yapfiriye ku ya 10 Gicurasi 1973 nyuma yimyaka umwe nigice arwanya kanseri y'ibere. Nyuma yimyaka 20, ku bufatanye na Mukhtar Shahanov, Aitmatov yanditse igitabo "Kwatura mu mpera z'ikinyejana" (izina rya kabiri "Plachy w'umuhigi watsinze"), aho yabwiye yeruye inkuru y'uru rukundo.
Umugore wa kabiri wa CHINGIZA taetewich yabaye Maria URmatovna. Mugihe cyo gushakisha umwanditsi uzwi, Maria yashoboye guhagarika ishami rya Vguka, gusura no kubyara umukobwa wa Cholpon. Mu mubano wa kabiri, umuhungu wa Eldar n'umukobwa wavutse. Eldar Chizovich yarangije impamyabumenyi muri Academy yubuhanzi bwiza mu Bubiligi, yari umushushanya n'umuhanzi, ayobora inzu ndangamurage ya aitmatov i Bishkek.
Urupfu
Chingiz Aitmatov mu myaka yashize yari diyabete irwaye, itamubujije kubaho ubuzima bukora. Mu mwaka wa 2008, umwanditsi ku mwaka wa mirongo wa mirongo itandatu y'ubuzima yagiye muri Kazen ku kurasa kwa documentaire "n'umunsi wose wafashwe umunsi w'isabukuru. Ku ishyirwaho, umwanditsi yarahanganye, imbeho yaguye mu misondo ityaye, itangira kwanga impyiko.
Ku ya 16 Gicurasi, Aitmatova yoherejwe mu Budage mu Budage, ariko abaganga ntibashobora gukiza umurwayi. Ku ya 10 Kamena, mu ivuriro rya Nuremberg, Geghiz Taskellich yapfuye, maze ku ya 14 Kamena, umuhango wo gushyingura no gushyingura mu rwego rwa kera ku bitabo by'isi byabereye. Agahinda kateranijwe cyane ku buryo abantu benshi baguye mu ngazi zerekeza ku nzu y'ikinamico, aho isanduku yari ihagaze ku mubiri. Byasabye ubufasha bwa polisi n'abaganga kugira ngo birinde abahohotewe.
Centuje Aitmatov yashyinguwe mu irimbi rya Ata ryakozwe mu irimbi rya Ata. "Abaturage Ohloa") mu nkengero za Bishkek. Aha hantu nahisemo umwanditsi webwe muri mirongo ya mirongo itanu, igihe nyuma yo gushakisha igihe kirekire yashoboye kubona aho yashyinguwe Toprekul Aitrekul Aitrekul Aittekul Aittekul Aittekul Aittekuv. Muri urwobo rusange, imirambo 138 iboneka kuri Chon Tasha, mu 1991 hamwe n'icyubahiro zanze kuri Asa baim. Kuruhande rw'imva ya se yifuriza kuruhuka na Chingiz - Umubano, ufite ibitekerezo byinshi byerekana ibyahise n'ejo hazaza.
Bibliografiya
- 1952 - Ikinyamakuru Judido
- 1957 - "Isura yo Guhura"
- 1957 - "Jamil"
- 1961 - Topolak yanjye muri Kosynka "
- 1962 - "Umwarimu wa mbere"
- 1963 - "Ikibaho"
- 1966 - "Gusezera, Gulsary!"
- 1970 - "Stemer Yera"
- 1977 - "Imbwa ya Pegi, yiruka ku nyanja"
- 1980 - "Byoherejwe Hafi y'Amerika" ("kandi turenze umunsi wo mu kinyejana")
- 1986 - "Flah"
- 1995 - "Gushyira umuhigi hejuru y'inyenzi cyangwa kwatura ibyavuye mu kinyejana" ku bufatanye na Mukhtar Shahanov
- 1996 - Tavro Kassandra
- 1998 - "Guhura na Bahai imwe"
- 2006 - "Iyo Imisozi Yaguye (Umugeni w'iteka)"