Ubuzima
Umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya - umukozi wa gikristo, umwe mu barimu batatu b'Itorero ku isi. Umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya ya mutagatifu yari umunyeshuri na mugenzi wa mutagatifu Mutagaragara. Azi gusoma no gusoma haba muri Kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma - umunsi wo kwibuka ku ya 2 Mutarama no mu Itorero rya orotodogisi - 7 na 12 Gashyantare.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Itariki nyayo yo kuvuka kw'abatagatifu ntirizwi, nko mu 325 z'igihe cyacu. Umuhungu yavutse kure yumujyi wa Naziya, uherereye muri Kapadokiya (mukarere ka Turukiya ya none). Ntabwo ku bw'amahirwe nyuma, yitwaga Grigory Nazinine.
Seripiyo yari Aristoct yaho, kandi umugore we Nona yari umukristo nyawe, iminsi yose umugore yamaze amasengesho, yakoraga imitekerereze. Vuba na Grigori-Mukuru yemeje ubukristo. Ubwa mbere yabaye prateter mu itorero ryaho, na umwepiskopi wa Nazi.
Nonny ntiyari afite igihe kinini atwite igihe kirekire, nuko asenga cyane asaba Imana ubuntu. Yasezeranije ko niba Ishoborabyose yamuha umwana, yari kumwitange ku Mana. Nyuma mu nzozi, umugore yabonye umuhungu we w'ejo hazaza yumva izina rye. Nyuma yuko Geregori avuwe, Nona yavutse ari abana babiri - mwene Kayisariya n'umukobwa wa Gorgoniya. Nyuma, abantu bose bo mumuryango wa Geregori bamenyekanye nka Abera.
Amaze kubona amashuri y'urugo rwa mbere, Gregory yagiye kwa mbere kwa Kapadokiya, nyuma yerekeza muri Palesitine na Alegizandiriya, aho yiganye mu mashuri yisumbuye. Ariko ikigo cya siyansi icyo gihe cyari Atenayi. Kubwibyo, Gregory yimukiye muri Atenayi, aho yize astronomie, geometrie, rooric, imivugo. Yize umurimo wa Aristote na Platon. Ku rugero runini yashimishijwe nuburyo bwo kwerekana, aho kwigisha cyane. Ariko uburyo Gregory yaje gusobanura idini, ahanini yagira ingaruka kuri iyi mirimo.
Iyo Gregory yize muri Atenayi, yahuye na rusasu. Kandi iyi nama yari imeze nabi Gregory. Nyuma yo kwiga, yigishije kuvuga muri Atenayi imyaka ibiri. Se asubira i Nazaz, se arabatiza. Icyo gihe yari afite imyaka 30. Ariko icyo gihe, umubatizo wafashwe nyuma yo kwiga.
Gregory Royary Ubuzima bwaguye mu bugingo, maze yimukira mu kigo cy'abihaye Imana, inshuti ye yari ikomeye cyane. Twese hamwe bize imirimo yuwashinze Plelologiya ya Bibiliya na Filozofiya Onten. Nyuma, tewolojiya ya tewolojiya ukomoka mu bikorwa bye yanditse ibyanditswe, byitwa "Philoklia".
Umurimo wa gikristo
Mu 361, se yasabye gusubira mu gihugu cye, akeneye ubufasha. Gregory yeguriwe Presbyters. Muri icyo gihe, se wageze mu za bukuru yayoboye urugamba rukomeye rwo kurwanya ingabo z'abami Julian, wagerageje kwifata insengero za gikristo. Birashimishije kubona ko abakristu b'ejo hazaza Abakristo bize n'umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya kandi bakomeye muri Atenayi.
Ariko se, ubwo ni bwo buzima bw'ubuzima bwatekerezaga bwari hafi kugira ngo asuzume, nuko asubira mu kigo cy'abihayeyi nyuma yo kurangiza. Ariko, yasobanukiwe ukuntu se akeneye gushyigikirwa, kandi kuri Pasika yavugaga ikibwiriza cye cya mbere cya Nazianize.
Nyuma yigihe runaka, bikomeye cyane, icyo gihe cyari kimaze kuba Arkiyepispi, abaza insya gufata umwanya wo gukiza Sashima. Yari akeneye abantu b'indahemuka kandi bizewe mu kurwanya Arianism. Gregory yanze, ariko se yashimangiye. Kubwamahirwe, mugihe gito akorera muri Sasima, nta serivisi yari yarasomye, ntabwo yafashe umwanditsi umwe. Bidatinze, asiga umujyi utuma imyaka itatu mu butayu bwamayobera. Kugenda bye byakonje cyane umubano wabo.
Muri 374, Padiri Gregory yapfuye, umubyeyi yapfuye nyuma ye. Urupfu yahuye n'ikimenyetso mugusenga. Kuri we byari inkoni nini. Byinshi cyane byaje gushyingura Se no gusoma imva, nyuma yubucuti bwabo bwatangiye kuba bwiza.
Nyuma y'urupfu rwa se, umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya yayoboye Diyosezi, ariko yizeraga ko nta burenganzira afite bwo kwigarurira ingoma ya se. Ni yo mpamvu ava mu mujyi wa Selewukiya, yibwira ko adahari, abatuye umujyi bazahitamo umwepiskopi mushya. Ariko abaturage ba Nazeza bamusabye kugaruka, akomeza gucunga itorero ryaho.
Gukubita icya kabiri kuri Gregory byabaye inkuru y'urupfu rw'abakomeye mu buryo bukomeye. Kugeza ubu, yari asanzwe azwi nk'umuntu ushishikaye umwunganira hamwe n'umubwiriza w'igihangana. Muri icyo gihe, umwami w'abami mushya, feodosiyo yafunze intebe y'ubwami, kandi, bitandukanye n'uwamubanjirije, ni umuyoboke wa Nikeans. Feodosius atumira Gregory kuri we kandi yerekana kuyobora diyosezi muri Constantinople. Icyo gihe, yatangiye kumwita umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya, yari umuvugizi mwiza cyane, inyigisho ze ntizasize umuntu utitayeho.
Ariko Connentantinople yari ifite imyaka 40 mumaboko ya Arian, nijoro ntibashobora kuzimira ahantu hose. Ku bw'ivyo, bageze mu mujyi, bahita bahinduka ikintu cyo gutotezwa muri Ariya. Igihe kimwe, bakinjira muri katedrali igihe umutagatifu yakoze umutware w'ababatisimu, umuntu yasabye ko yirukanwa, kandi umuntu atangira kumutera amabuye. Umugabo yakuruwe ku bayobozi b'umubiri, amaherezo atashyigikiye Arian ayisiga mu mujyi.
Kandi nyuma y'amezi abiri, Kantantinople yasuye umwami w'abami ubwe. We ku giti cye yatangije Gregory ku rusengero rwa Sofiya kandi "aramutabara". Kugirango harebwe umutagatifu ku ishami no gukemura ibibazo bijyanye nigipimo, Cathedrale ya kabiri y'ibidukikije yakusanyijwe.
Iyo muganira kuri Arianism, ububoko bwanditseho dogry-ubupfura, ubu bufata umwanya wambere muri tewolojiya y'amatorero ya gikristo kandi nigitekerezo nyamukuru cyamasonga ya gikristo. Imana ni imwe, imwe yumwihariko, ariko itatu mumaso - Data, Mwana, Umwuka Wera. Nk'uko bya tewolojiya ubifatwe ubwe ubwe ubwe:
"Turasenga Data, n'Umwuka Wera, dusangire imitungo bwite kandi duhuza ubumana."Muri Katedrali yose, umuyobozi wa Miletiya, kandi ayoboye yafashe umwanya we. Nyuma yatangiye guhitamo umuyobozi w'ishami rya Antiyokiya, riyobowe na Miletia. Ibitekerezo by'abitabiriye bacitsemo ibice. Bamwe bifuzaga kubona uhagarariye "iburengerazuba" kuriyi nyandiko, abandi - "Iburasirazuba".
Kubera iyo mpamvu, amakimbirane yavutse aho ububi bwakozwe, bamushinja kurenga ku mategeko ya Katedrali ya mbere. Ko atari afite uburenganzira bwo kuba Arkiyepiskopi wa Constantiop, kuba Musenyeri Sasimsky. Byongeye kandi, yavuye ishami muri Sasim, naryo buvuguruza amategeko yashyizweho.
Rero, umutagatifu yavuye muri gahunda ya kontantinople. Ntabwo byari bibabaje na gato, yari amaze igihe kinini arambirwa urugamba rwo kwirinda, yari akenewe rwose. Mubisanzwe, yari umuntu wihishe kandi wikunda. Mubyukuri, ntabwo yari agenewe icyubahiro cyitorero, maze aba azira amabwiriza yinshuti yabakomeye.
Asubira i Nazaz, yongeye guhagarara ku mutwe wa Diyosezi yo mu mujyi, ntashobora kwanga abenegihugu. Ariko ntibyari byoroshye kuri we. Muri 383, ubuzima bwe bwarushijeho kuba bubi, kandi yarekuwe mu buyobozi bw'ishami. Feodor, Musenyeri Tyransky, yambara umwanya we Hepsopa Elaudiya, abavandimwe bashimangira tewolojiya.
Yitegereje amahoro, yiyeguriye kwandika. Gregory ni umwanditsi w'ibisigo birenga magana ane, yanditse Epigrams, ibisigo, indirimbo. Muri icyo gihe, yakomeje kwitabira ikigo cy'abihaye Imana, akora ingendo nyinshi. Umurage munini w'ubuvanganzo uracyafatwa nk "amagambo" - 45 ibiganiro bikubiyemo igihe cy'imyaka 20 y'ubuzima bwe.
Yarokowe kandi amabaruwa 245 yo mu bya tewolojiya, benshi muri bo bakaba babwiwe mugenzi we - bikomeye. Yibutse ubuzima bwabo bwo kwifata nabi ikigobe, kandi mu mabaruwa yakurikiyeho amushinja yishora mu kurwanya Arianism no kubaka umwepiskopi we wo mu mujyi wa Sasima.
Umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya wa Gregory yasize ikimenyetso kinini mu bukristo, inyandiko ze zagize uruhare mu bahanga mu bya tewolojiya itaha. Igikorwa c'Umutagatifu cyasobanuwe hamwe n'Ibyanditswe. Itorero rya orotodogisi ryatangije Geregori mu mubare wa ba se w'Itorero, bivuze ko imico ye ifite uburemere bwihariye mu gushyiraho imvura no kuramya.
Urupfu
Umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya ya Gregotoye yapfuye ku ya 25 Mutarama, 389 muri Nazisase, ni ho yaramushyingura. Yesu amaze kuva mu Isezerano. Birashoboka ko byanditswe muri 381. Umuryango wa Saint wa Saint wasize diyosezi, kuzigama no kwambikanye inshuti, kandi na we utegeka imbata ze.
Nyuma yikinyejana, umwami w'abami KonStantin bagrynorogennanna yatwaraga imbaraga za tewolojiya ya Gregory kuri Constantinok muri 1204, bajyanywe i Roma.
Nyuma yo kubaka katedrali ya Mutagatifu Pawulo i Roma, imbaraga zashyizweyo, mu mva idasanzwe. Ku ya 26 Ugushyingo 2004, Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II yategetse ko igice cy'ibisigisigi cyasubiye mu itorero rya Kontantinok. Urusengero rubikwa muri katedrali ya Mutagatifu George i Istanbul.
Kwibuka
- 383-386 - Ikusanyirizo ryibiganiro "Ijambo"
- 383-388 - Ikusanyamakuru "Inzandiko"
- 1670 - Itorero ryo mu bya tewolojiya mu mayolayo muri Rostov Great, Uburusiya
- 1781 - Gutakaza amato yirabura yo mu Burusiya bwakiriye izina "Umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya"
- 1867 - Itorero rya tewolojiya mu ruganda mu mudugudu wa Makarety, Moldoviya
- 1873 - Discul Discul Ibsen "Kayisari na Galileyine"
- 1896 - Itorero rya Thelalogiya Urwibuyo n'Umuheto Wera Zoe muri Odessa, Ukraine