Ubuzima
Yohana Umubatiza, ni John umurinzi, yubahwa nabakristo nkumubanjirije Yesu Kristo. Muri orothodoxie - ikintu cya kabiri cyingenzi nyuma ya nyina wera wImana. Mw'izina rya Yohani, insengero nyinshi ziyeguriye mu Burusiya no ku isi. Abayisilamu, Mandy na Bahai bitwa umuhanuzi Yahya, Umukristo wabarabu - Yuhann. Nkuko imico yamateka igaragara mu "Abayahudi ba kera" ba Joseph Flavia.
Ku gishushanyo cyerekanwe nimico ikurikira: Gukata umutwe (icya kabiri ku ishusho), umuzingo mumaboko, igikombe, umusaraba, umusazi woroheje uva mu nkoni. Yambaye Uwera mu myambaro ya Baggy iva mu bwoya bunyamaswa, bagabanuka n'umukandara mwinshi w'uruhu, gake muri chiton cyangwa inararibonye. Ubuki, Umwagazi, inkomoko yumwungeri yandikiwe ikirere, urutoki rwerekana ukuboko kw'iburyo kwandikiwe ibi bintu. Abagatolika bakunzwe nibishusho byabatisita.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ibintu bifatika bya Yohana Umubatiza by'Abahanga mu bya tewolojiya bishushanya ku Mavanjiri ane ya kanoni, Apocrypha n'ibitabo by'intare. Ibyerekeye umwana wa Yohana abwira umuvugabutumwa wa Luka.
John yavukiye mu muryango wa Padiri Mukuru wa Zekariya no gukiranuka Elizabeth, mwene Fari ya FAR y'amajyambere ya Madamu wacu. Kugaragara k'umwana ku bashakanye badafite imbuto zahanuwe umumarayika mukuru Gaburiyeli, wasuye se w'ejo hazaza mu rusengero, Gaburiyeli yategetse guha umuhungu izina ridasanzwe ku muryango. Zekariya ntiyizeraga intumwa, aho yambuye ijambo rya Zharya Dara. Kubura umupadiri byarakomeje mbere yuko umwana avuka.
Guhanura umwana yatangiriye mu nda ya ba sogokuruza. Igihe Maria yaje gusura Elisabeth, umwana yari avoméem, Elizaveta yumvise ubuntu. Ni ukuvuga, Yohana yishimiye inama na Mesiya mbere yuko abayikikije babonye gutwita inkumi zidahinduka. Ahantu h'igihugu cya Zekariya, aho babyeyi bazeza bahuye, hubatswe itorero ry'uruzinduko.
Muri Ein-Karem, mu nkengero za Yeruzalemu, aho umuhanuzi yavukiye, yubaka ikigo cy'abihaye Imana. "Mutagatifu Yohani mu misozi"). Kuvuga ndangije yemeje mu nyandiko mu kwandika icyifuzo cyo guha umuhungu we izina Yohana, ryerekanwe na marayika, nyuma yo kongera kuvuga.
Dukurikije Ibyanditswe Byera, umutware yavutse mu gice cy'umwaka umwe mbere y'Umukiza. Dushingiye kuri aya makuru, itariki yo kwizihiza Noheri ya Noheri ya OHANI umutware abarwa - ku ya 24 Kamena kuri kalendari ya Julian muri orotodogisi. Abantu bazwi nkumunsi wa Ivan Kupala. Duhereye ku zuba ryizuba: Noheri ya Yesu yizihizwa nyuma yimbeho yimbeho, iyo umunsi ukikijwe, na Yohana - nyuma yizuba, iyo umunsi ugufi.
Kugira ngo akize umwana mu maboko y'abakozi b'umwami Herode, batsemba abana, nyina yamusize avuye mu mujyi ujya mu butayu, aho Yohani akabaho. Hafashwe ko ahantu hihishe ari imyogo rwa Esseev - agatsiko k'Abayahudi. Umutambyi mukuru Zharya yishe abasirikare ba Herode aho akorera.
Umurimo wa gikristo
Mu butayu hamwe n'umusore John, Imana yavuze, nyuma Yohana yagiye kubwiriza, Urugendo rufatwa nk'umwana 28 cyangwa 29. Umuhanuzi yari ateye ubwoba, yambaye ikanzu ya Shagutu avuye mu bwoya bw'ingamiya, yangwa n'umukandara w'ingabo z'urupfu, agaburirwa n'ubuki bw'inzuki na acs, ntabwo byanywa vino. Mu nyigisho zasabye abanyabyaha guhangayikishwa n'uburakari bw'Imana no kwihana. Natutse Saddukev n'Abafarisayo muri uburyarya na Gordin.
Abarwanyi umuhanuzi basabwe kunyurwa n'umushahara, atari ukubabaza abasivili; Solari - Kudasaba ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose mu baturage kirenze Amategeko; Abakire ni ugusangira ibiryo n'imyambaro n'abakene. Ikimenyetso cyo kwihana no kwezwa kwa Yohana cyanditswemo koga mu muhango wo kwiyuhagira mu ruzi rwa Yorodani, witwa Umubatizo. Uruziga rw'abayoboke bateraniye hamwe n'Umubatizo. Abanyeshuri ba Yohana biganaga kwibabaza mwarimu batekereza ko Yohana kandi hari Umukiza wahanuwe.
Intumwa z'abatambyi zageze i Yerusalemu kugira ngo suzuma iyi verisiyo, John yarabihakanye. Yiyise ijwi ryo mu butayu, bisaba abantu kuvugurura. Yahanuye ukuza kwa Mesiya, ariko natangajwe no guhura na Yesu kavukire wabayetizwa, kuko yabonaga ko adakwiriye ndetse no guhambira imishumi y'uko inkweto z'umuka.
Yesu yashimangiye ko agomba kwicwa n'Imana, kandi amubatizwa muri Yorodani. Mu gusohoza imihango, Umubatiza yashyize ikiganza cyiburyo kuri Makushka ya Kristo, bijyanye na barumuna ba nyuma baje icyubahiro. Umubatizo wari uherekejwe n'ibitangaza byafunguye abantu Mesiya ati: Inumano yagurukaga mu ijuru ikavuza ijwi, yita Yesu umuhungu we yakundaga kandi amuha umugisha.
Nyuma y'ibimenyetso ku Mukiza, intumwa ebyiri za mbere zari zifatanije, zahoze mu banyeshuri ba Yohana bakuru. Yohana yari atekereza mu butayu, John yatawe muri yombi. Mutagatifu Yohani muri orotodogisi afatwa nkimyifatire yingenzi kubakristo bose.
Aktherest to Forerunner yasomye kugirango yumve ibyaha byabo nibitera, abatizera, ubufasha ku mfungwa. Umwanditsi w'isengesho rya kera yagereranije umunjiriro akoresheje inyenyeri yo mu gitondo, yirukana urumuri rw'izindi nyenyeri, icabishaka mu gitondo cy'umunsi w'izuba.
Urupfu
Umuhanuzi John yagutse yakoze icyaha cy'abategetsi ahamagarira abaizemuriza. By'umwihariko, imyitwarire y'ubusambanyi ya Tetrarch Galilaya Herode Antipa, yashakanye na iyo aediad, mwishywa we, yamaganye imyitwarire y'ubusambanyi. Herode Filipo ya Herode yagati, Herode Filipo yakoraga. Yohana yaje ibwami ya Tiran no imbere y'abashyitsi mu cyumba kimwe, impungenge zerekeye ukurenga ku mategeko yabayahudi.
Tetrarch ntabwo yihannye, ariko, Ahubwo, umuhanuzi yatawe muri yombi aterwa muri gereza. Icyo cyamukorera ubutaha, nticyabitse: irangizwa ry'umuntu nk'uwo uzwi mubantu b'umuntu ashobora guteza abaturage ba Galilaya. Ariko imvugo ishinja yemeye umugore wa Herode. Umugore wababaje kumugaragaro yari yifuza kwihorera, yakoranye numukobwa we Salome.
Mu kwizihiza mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro isabukuru ya Herode, Salome ya Antipa cyane ku buryo Herode imbere y'abashyitsi basezeranyije ko bazaha umuntu wifuzaga umuntu uwo ari we wese. Sekwe na Mama, Salome yasabye umutwe wa Yohana nk'impano. Yoherejwe muri gereza, imidugararo yaciwe umuhanuzi umutwe maze aha umukobwa mukundana impano igoramye ku isahani ya feza. Umutwe wa Salome washyikirijwe ivide, kandi umurambo wumugaragu aha abigishwa b'Awitisita.
Kwibuka ibyabaye, umunsi wo kwita ku mutwe wa Yohana umurinzi uragaragara. Mu itorero rya orotodogisi, uyu ni umunsi wa poste. Mu migenzo ya rubanda, kumenyera birimo imigenzo n'imiziririzo: birabujijwe gukorana nibintu bikarishye, hari imboga n'imbuto bizengurutse, gabanya imigati. Abanyeshuri bashyinguye umurambo wa John wacitse intege muri Sevastia, hafi y'imva y'umuhanuzi Elisha, ariko nyuma y'umurambo wa mutagatifu atangira kubaho ibitangaza.
Ahagana mu 362, abapagani barakinguye batsinze amagufwa, batwitse amagufwa kandi batatanye nk'umukungugu. Ariko, abakristu bashoboye kuzigama igice cyibisigisigi. Mu kinyejana cya 10, Theodore Daphpath yabwiye abakristo ko intumwa Luka yashakaga gutwara umubiri muri Antiyokiya, ariko abarwayi baratwemereye gufata ukuboko kw'iburyo k'umuvuna. Nyuma, imbyino zitigeze kubatirwa kwa Yohana Umubatiza yimukiye i Constantinople, yubaha ibiruhuko bihuye, ubu ntabwo bikunzwe.
Herode yahishe umutware w'umuhanuzi mu ngoro, ariko umugaragu yibye igikomere maze ahambwa mu mfungo y'ibumba ku buntu bw'umusozi wa Eleyoni. Nyuma yimyaka mike, ibicunga byo gucukura urubavu, jing basanga abakozi ba Velmazby Ukwezi no kumenyekana. Iki gikorwa cyizihizwa na Paruwasi ya Roc ku ya 24 Gashyantare ukurikije ibya kera. Imbere y'urupfu rw'inzirakarengane, urusengero rwari rwihishe neza.
Mu myaka umwami w'abami Kontantin bikomeye bategetse i Yeruzalemu, ingendo ebyiri zabonye impanuka, ariko abanebwe bashinzwe kwitwaje ibisigisigi. Mugenzi wawe agenzi (akoresheje umwuga umubumbyi) yavuye mu modoka ahinduka umurinzi w'urusengero. Nyuma y'urupfu rwe, ikibindi gifite umutwe w'igitangaza cyimukiye muri mushiki wanjye wo mu rugo. Nyuma, relic yagiye kumupadiri wa Ariya, wahishe igice mu buvumo hafi y'imitsi.
Muri 452, Archimandite wo muri monasiteri yari hafi aho yagaragaye mu nzozi za Yohana maze yerekana aho yihishe igice. Relike iboneka yimukira i Constantinople. Kubona kabiri mu gice bizihizwa icyarimwe hamwe nuwambere. Mu mvururu muri kontantinokle, Shrine yoherejwe kubika mu mujyi wa Emezs, hanyuma yihisha muri Komanna mu gihe cyo gutotezwa kw'inyoni.
Ambasade y'umwami Mikhail wa III mu 850, ayoborwa n'ubushishozi bw'abakurambere b'ingtius, yasanze umutwe wa mutagatifu i Komana. Nibwo buryo bwabonye bwa gatatu, FPC yavuze ku ya 25 Gicurasi muri kalendari ya Julian. Kuri buri kiruhuko, umuyoboro wacyo wateguwe - gahunda nurutonde rwamasengesho basomwe mugihe cyakazi kidasanzwe cyabapadiri.
Igiti ntikiramenyekana, none amatorero cumi n'abiri asaba izina rya nyir'umukuru nyawo wa Yohana Umubatiza. No mu isi ya gikristo hari urwasaya ndwi (hiyongereyeho imitwe), urutonde rwa cumi narwo, amaboko icyenda n'ibitugu bine. Ibisigisigi byose byubashywe mukuri kandi bikore gukira neza.
Kwibuka
- 1663 - Umuvugo Yost Van Bon vontela "Yohana Batist"
- 1770 - Yubatswe gusa mu bwato bwamato yubwami bwu Burusiya "Chesma", wari ufite izina rya kabiri "Yohana Umubatiza"
- 1864 - Igisigo Stephen Mallarme "Irodada"
- 1877 - Inkuru ya Gustava Flaubert "Irodada"
- 1891 - Oscar Wilde Igice "Salome"
Ibiruhuko bya orotodogisi
- Ku ya 23 Nzeri (6 Ukwakira) - Gusama kwa Yohana umusogongero
- Ku ya 24 Kamena) - Noheri ya John umurinzi
- 29 Kanama (11 Nzeri) - Imiterere yumuyobozi wa John umutware
- 7 (20 Mutarama) - Katedrali ya Yohana Umubatiza
- Ku ya 24 Gashyantare (8 Werurwe) mu mwaka wa 24 Gashyantare (9 Werurwe) muri Newgenous - Kurera kwa mbere no kunguka Umuyobozi wa John umutware
- Gicurasi 25 (7 Kamena) - Icya gatatu cyo kubona Umuyobozi wa John umutware
- 12 (25 Ukwakira) - Transponde John Preports