Ubuzima
Ivan shishkin "ubuzima" munzu hafi ya buri kirusiya cyangwa inzu. By'umwihariko mu bihe bya SOVETIV, ba nyirubwite bakundaga kubahiriza inkuta hamwe no kubyara ibiti by'umuhanzi, byavanywe mu binyamakuru. Byongeye kandi, hamwe n'umurimo w'irangi, abarusiya bamenyereye mu bwana - idubu mu ishyamba rya pine ryashushanyijeho gupfunyika shokora shokora. Mubuzima bwa shelebuja, "amashyamba bogatyr" n '"umwami w'ishyamba" nk'ikimenyetso cyo kubaha ubushobozi bwo kuririmba ubwiza bwa kamere.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Iparizo ry'ejo hazaza mu muryango w'umucuruzi Ivan Vasilyevich Shishkin ku ya 25 Mutarama 1832. Ubwato bw'umuhanzi bwanyuze muri Elabuga (mu bihe by'umwami, byari bimwe mu Ntara ya VYATKA, uyu munsi ni Repubulika ya Tatarstan). Papa yakundaga kandi yubahwa mu mujyi muto w'intara, Ivan Vasilyevich ndetse n'imyaka itari mike yafashe umuyobozi w'umutwe wo gukemura. Kuri gahunda y'umucuruzi no ku mafaranga ye bwite, Elabuga yabonye umurongo w'amazi yo gutanga amazi, ayari akorera igice. Shishkin yerekanye kandi muri abo gihega no mu gitabo cya mbere kivuga ku mateka y'igihugu kavukire.
Kuba umuntu uhuza kandi pragmatic, Ivan Vasilyevich yagerageje gushishikariza umuhungu wa Vanya hamwe na siyansi ya Kazan, amwo mu mayeri, maze umuhungu agenda, amwo mu mayeri ya Kazan mu byiringiro ko urubyaro rwakira inyigisho nziza. Ariko, umusore ivan shishkin kuva ubwana bufite ubuhanzi. Kubwibyo, mu kigo cy'uburezi cyarambiwe, arawujugunya, avuga ko adashaka guhindukirira umuyobozi.
Garuka mu rugo rw'umuhungu yatesheje agaciro ababyeyi, cyane cyane Siblos, akimara gusiga inkuta z'imikino ngororamo, batangira kwiyumvisha. Mama Daria Alexandrovna yarabyutse no kuba yararakaye no kuba umwangavu bidahuye na gato mu bibazo byo mu rugo, yicaye kandi akora ku muntu wese udakeneye "impapuro." Papa yashyigikiye uwo bashakanye, nubwo rwihishwa yashimishijwe no kuba muratagatifu wumurongo mwiza. Kugirango tutagomba kwishimisha ababyeyi, umuhanzi yakoraga mu gushushanya nijoro - niko intambwe yambere yo gushushanya byagenwe.
Gushushanya
Kugeza ubu, Ivan "yirukanwe" brush. Ariko abahanzi birukanwe muri Elabugu, basohotse mu murwa mukuru kubera gushushanya igishushanyo cy'itorero icotostasis, kandi shishkin ubwambere batekereza cyane ku mwuga wo guhanga. Amaze kwigira kuri Muscovite kubyerekeye Ishuri ryamashusho n'ibishusho, umusore yafashe umuriro mu rwose kuba umunyeshuri w'iki kigo cyiza cyo kwigisha.
Data bigoye, ariko arakomeza kureka umuhungu akajya kumpande ndende - mu gihe urubyaro rudatera no kwiga aho, kandi ruzahita ruhindukirira Charles Byellov. Ubuzima bwa shishkin ya shishkin bukomeye bwerekanye - Ijambo imbere yababyeyi ryubaha inenge.
Mu 1852, ishuri rya Moscou ryo gushushanya kandi riteye ubwoba ryinjira mu nzego zabo Ivan Shishkin, waguye munsi y'umurinzi w'Abahanzi-Portraitist Apollo Mokritsky. Abakinnyi batangira bakurura ahantu, mugushushanya yitoza kwiyitirira. Bidatinze, impano nziza y'inyenyeri nshya mu buhanzi bukuru, iryo shuri ryose ryize: abarimu n'abanyeshuri bifasha bizihije impano idasanzwe yo gushushanya umurima usanzwe cyangwa uruzi rusanzwe.
Umudipoloma w'ishuri rya Schishkina yaje kuba bike, maze mu 1856 yinjira mu ishuri rya St. Petersburg Ishami ry'Ubuhanzi, ryanatsinze imitima y'abarimu. Ivan Ivanovich umwete yize kandi itungurwa n'ubushobozi buhebuje mu gushushanya.
Mu mwaka wa mbere, umuhanzi yagiye mu myitozo y'izuba yerekeza ku kirwa cya Valaam, kubera ubwoko bwabo bw'ejo hazaza hakira umudari munini wa zahabu wo mu ishuri. Mubumenyi bwe, film yipimis yazumijwe hamwe na feza ebyiri ntoya nimidari mito ya zahabu yo gushushanya hamwe nibimenyetso bya St. Petersburg.
Nyuma yishuri rirangiye, Ivan Ivanovich yashoboye kuzamura ubuhanga mumahanga. Acaded ya kaminuza ifite impano yashyizeho ikiruhuko cy'izabukuru, na Shishkin, ntabwo biremerewe no kwitondera gukora umugati, bajya i Zurich, Geneve, Gesseldorf.
Hano umuhanzi yagerageje imbaraga mu gushushanya "kwabasateje ati:" Ni irihe shusho iteye ubwoba yasohotse "kureba hafi ya Düsseldorf". Umucyo, umurimo wo mu kirere wagiye mu gihugu cye - kuko Shishkin ye yakiriye izina ry'umunyamakuru.
Amaze imyaka itandatu, yamenyereye imiterere y'igihugu cy'amahanga, ariko Tosca mu gihugu cye yafashe hejuru, Ivan Shishkin yasubiye mu gihugu cye. Mu myaka ya mbere, umuhanzi yamaganye ubudacogora ku muza w'Uburusiya ashakisha ahantu hashimishije, kamere idasanzwe. Igihe yagaragaye i St. Petersburg, abahanzi b'abahanzi bitabiriye ibibazo. Irangi ryatwaye ubucuti na Kontantin Savitsky, Arisitani ya Primenji na Ivan Kramsky.
Muri 70, amasomo yongeyeho. Ivan Ivanovich yashinze hamwe na bagenzi be ubufatanye bwubufatanye bwimurikagurisha rishinzwe ibihangano, ugereranije no kwinjira mu ishyirahamwe ry'amavuko. Yari ategereje umugabo n'umutwe mushya - kubera igishushanyo "ubutayu bwo mu mashyamba", ishuri ryamuhagurukiye kubarimu benshi.
Mu gice cya kabiri cya 1870, Ivan Shishkin yabuze aho hantu yashoboye kwigarurira mu buhanzi. Kuba yarabonye ibyago byawe bwite (urupfu rw'umugore we), umugabo yanywaga kandi yitiranya inshuti n'abakunzi. Ntiyifata mu biganza bye, amwirukana umutwe. Muri kiriya gihe, Igihangano "bw", "Urubura rwa mbere", "Pine Bor" cyaturutse munsi y'ibaba rya shebuja. Igihugu cya Ivan Ivanovich cyasobanuwe gutya: "Noneho ubu ni iki gishimishije cyane? Ubuzima no kwigaragaza kwayo, ubu, nkuko bisanzwe. "
Mbere gato y'urupfu rwa Ivan Shishkin yatumiriwe kwigisha mu ishuri rikuru ry'ubuhanzi ku ishuri ry'ubuhanzi. Iherezo rya XIX ryaranzwe no kugabanuka kw'ishuri rya Kera ry'abahanzi, urubyiruko rwahisemo gukomera ku zindi mahame meza, ariko
Ivan Ivanovich yakundaga kuvugana n'abanditsi bato ndetse igerageza no gukora intego nshya mu murimo we. Mugihe cyo kwigisha, umurangi wasuzumye umuhanzi w'indashyikirwa Valentina serov.
Gusuzuma impano yumuhanzi, arwamamaza nabafana ba Shishkin Gereranya numuhanga mu binyabuzima - mubyifuzo byo kwerekana ubwiza bwa kamere Ivanovich yize yize ibihingwa. Mbere yo gukomeza gukora, hagwa mose, amababi mato, ibyatsi.
Buhoro buhoro, uburyo bwihariye bwashizweho, aho ubushakashatsi bwarebwe hamwe no guhuza ibikoza bitandukanye, gusiga, kugerageza kwimura amabara yoroshye nigicucu. Abayo mugihe bita ivan shishkin na mumizi ya kamere, bashoboye kubona imiterere ya buri mfuruka.
Geografiya yo gushushanya amarangi: Ivan Ivanovich yahumetswe nabereye y'Ubutatu - Sergiyo Lavra, ishyamba ku kirwa cyo gutakaza, ishyamba rya sokolnikov na Sestroretsk. Umuhanzi yashushanyijeho muri Betevezhskaya Pushcha kandi, birumvikana ko muri Elabug yavukiyemo, aho yazaga gusura.
Nibyiza ko Shishkin yamye akora wenyine. Kurugero, kwandika inyamaswa na comrade kantantin savinsky's Inyamanswa na comrade kantantin savitsky yafashaga ifoto y '"mugitondo mwiramu yuyu muhanzi kuri canvas yabayeho. Ishusho ifite imikono ibiri yuburenganzira.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwihariye bwamashusho yubuhanga bwari bubabaje. Ivan Shishkin yabanje kujya munsi yikamba ryatinze - mfite imyaka 36 gusa. Mu 1868, yashakanye n'urukundo rukomeye na mushiki w'umuhanzi Fyodor Vodor Vegeriya Vegenia. Muri ubu bukwe, Ivan Ivanovich yarishimye cyane, ntabwo yihanganiye gutandukana kandi buri gihe yihutire mbere yo gusubira mu ngendo z'ubucuruzi hirya no hino mu Burusiya.
Evgenia Aleksrovna yibarutse abahungu babyaranye abahungu babiri, umukobwa wa Shishkin anywa aho yababaye. Muri icyo gihe kandi, yumvise nyir'ihaza, wishimiye gufata abashyitsi mu nzu. Ariko mu 1874, uwo mwashakanye yarapfuye, nyuma gato ye abyara umuhungu muto.
Kubera ingorane zo gukira intimba, shishkin yashakanye n'umunyeshuri we, umuhanzi Olga ladoga. Umwaka umwe nyuma yubukwe, umugore yarapfuye, asiga Ivanovich numukobwa we mumaboko.
Ibinyabuzima byanditse kimwe kiranga imiterere ya Ivan Shishkin. Mu myaka yo kwiga mwishuri, yambaye ubusa Monk - izina ryizina ryo kwanga no gufunga. Ariko, abashoboye kumubera inshuti, hanyuma nibaza igihe uwo mugabo yavugaga akavuga mu ruziga rw'abakunzi.
Urupfu
Ivan Ivanovich yavuye kuri iyi si, nkuko Masters yishingikirije, ku kazi ku buhanga bukurikira. Mu munsi wimpeshyi wo mu 1898, umuhanzi mu gitondo yicara kuri Easel. Mu mahugurwa, uretse we, umufasha wakoze, wavuze ibisobanuro birambuye ku rupfu rwa mwarimu.
Shishkin yerekana ikintu nka Zovka, noneho umutwe we warohamye mu gatuza. Muganga yasuzumwe ni icyuho cyumutima. Igishushanyo n '"amashyamba" cyakomeje kutarandukira, kandi umurimo wa nyuma wuzuye w'abarana ni "ubwato", uyu munsi ashimisha abashyitsi b'ingango Ndangamurage y'Uburusiya.
Ivan Shishkin yashyinguwe bwa mbere mu irimbi rya Snolensk rya mbere (St. Petersburg), kandi hagati mu kinyejana cya 20, umuhanzi yajyanywe kuri Alexander Lavra.
Gushushanya
- 1870 - "Kugenda mu ishyamba"
- 1871 - "Ishyamba rya Birch"
- 1878 - "Borch Grove"
- 1878 - "RYE"
- 1882 - "Ku nkombe y'ishyamba rya pine"
- 1882 - "Umurima w'ishyamba"
- 1882 - "Umugoroba"
- 1883 - "Creek mu ishyamba rya birch"
- 1884 - "Ishyamba DALI"
- 1884 - "Pine ku mucanga"
- 1884 - "Poletie"
- 1885 - "Mu gitondo cyijimye"
- 1887 - "Oak Grove"
- 1889 - "Igitondo mu ishyamba rya pine"
- 1891 - "Imvura mu ishyamba rya Dubov"
- 1891 - "Mu majyaruguru y'ishyamba ..."
- 1891 - "Nyuma y'umuyaga muri Mary Hovi"
- 1895 - "Ishyamba"
- 1898 - "Ubwato Bwiza"