Ubuzima
Ikaramu ityaye ya Irlande na Sarikik Jonathan yihuta yateraga urusaku rwinshi mubuzima bwe. Abasoteweri umwanditsi yibukwaga kuko Umwanditsi wa Pamphlets yahawe na Induson yimbitse, kandi ku isi yari azwi cyane ku rugendo rw'Abaroma "ingendo za Gulniyeri". Kwihuta buri gihe bihishe munsi yisi cyangwa ntabwo byerekanaga umwanditsi namba, ariko abasomyi rwose bamumenye muburyo budasanzwe.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza yavukiye muri Dublin ku ya 30 Ugushyingo 1667 - Amezi abiri nyuma y'urupfu rwa se, umukozi w'ubucamanza. Umuhungu yabonye izina ry'ababyeyi - Yonatani. Umupfakazi w'umusaza yihuta yagumanye abana babiri mu ntoki kandi nta mibenegihugu, usibye, uruhinja ruvutse kuba umwana ubabaza cyane na patologiya yuzuye.
Amahoro mu gihe gito, Mama yahisemo guha Yonatani kuva ku burere bw'umuvandimwe watinze, Godwina yihuta, wabaye kuri konti nziza muri avoka.
Umuhungu yarangije ibyiza muri Irilande "Kilkenny", imyaka y'ishuri ahangayikishijwe cyane - nagombaga kwibagirwa ku buntu - nagombaga kwibagirwa ku buntu, ariko ubuzima bubi, guhuza imikino ngorora. Afite imyaka 14, Jonathan yinjiye muri kaminuza ya Tiniti muri kaminuza ya Dublin, aho yavaga ku rwego rw'abanangirange kandi arwanya ingwate kuri siyanse.
Ubuvanganzo
Ubuzima bwo guhanga bwumwanditsi bwatangiye mugihe cyo kwimurwa kubwongereza. Nyirarume yaratandukanye, maze intambara y'abenegihugu itangira mu gihugu cye. Jonathan yihuta yagombaga kubona amafaranga yigenga, atangira gusohoka umunyamabanga wa umunyamabanga ku rusengero rwabakire na dipoloam. Umwanditsi wa Nowicce yatanze gusimbuka kubuntu ku isomero rikomeye ry'umukoresha.
Gusura Urusengero kwari imibare ikomeye kandi abahagarariye bohemia bo muri kiriya gihe, itumanaho naryo ryateguye ubutaka kugirango impano yo kwandika yihuta. Umusizi ukiri muto, ari we uva mu mivugo na inyandiko ngufi, Yonatani yagiye mu bitabo, mu gihe kizaza yafashaga umugiraneza wandika inyandiko.
Kuva mu Bwongereza, byihuse bisubiye mu gihugu cye kabiri. Mu 1694, umusore urangije umucamanza muri Oxford, yemeye San yo mu mwuka y'itorero ry'Abangilikani maze aba umupadiri mu itorero ry'umudugudu muto wa Irlande. Nyuma gato akomeza gukorera muri Katedrali ya Metropolitan ya Mutagatifu Patrick. Mugereranije, biba umwanditsi wibitabo bya politiki byiza, bikaze cyane kumurakara wumunsi.
Ariko, inshingano z'umutambyi Yonatani bahita bananiwe, yongera kugera mu Bwongereza. Hano, kuva munsi yikaramu ye, urukurikirane rw'ibisigo byasohotse, kimwe n'imigani y '"Intambara y'ibitabo" na "Fair barchk". Imirimo iheruka yamenyekanye cyane - abantu baramukundaga, kandi itorero ryamaganwe, nubwo umwanditsi atatekereje kunegura idini, gusa ishema rya Parodi.
Igishimishije, guhanga yumwanditsi ntabwo byari bigiye kwamamaza - imirimo yose yatangajwe bitamenyekana. Mugihe kizaza, iki gitekerezo cya Jonathan cyihuta ntabwo cyahindutse. Ariko, abantu bose bari bazi uwanditse ibyo bitabo bya sateri, imivugo no guhitamo.
Umunsi wa helday wimpano ya satyric yumwanditsi yaguye muri 1710. Jonathan yihuta yabonye ubwigenge bwamafaranga, avuga umwanya wa Dean wa Katedrali ya Mutagatifu Patrick, kandi yishimira ubupfu. Ibisigo bye, udutabo n'ingingo byari byuzuye uburakari ku karengane rusange, gutegeka muri sosiyete, kunegura imbaraga n'idini. Mu 1720, ikibazo cyigenga cya Irlande kiba insanganyamatsiko nkuru yo guhanga, abanyamategeko nta mbabazi zagerageje kurimbuka.
Urukundo rwabantu no kubaha kwasenyutse Yonatani nyuma y 'amabaruwa ya Sukrobrik "atamenyekanye" yasohotse munsi yimashini yimyanditi ibihumbi byinshi. Bahamagaye kwirengagiza amafaranga yicyongereza kandi ntibagura ibicuruzwa byakozwe mubwongereza. Umuhengeri wo kurakara, ku buryo Londres yahatiwe guhindura guverineri, washyizeho umushahara uwo uzagaragaza umwanditsi "inyuguti."
Kugerageza gushaka abakoze icyaha byari impfabusa, kandi Ubwongereza bwagombaga gukomeza inyungu zubukungu. Nyuma yibi bintu, yubatswe mu ntera y'intwari y'igihugu, ibishusho bye byakubise Dublin yose. Bidatinze, indi jinyame yarabaye, iki gihe kijyanye n'amagambo atyaye yerekeye ubukene. Umwanditsi yagiriye inama guverinoma, idashobora kugaburira akiri bato, kugurisha abana ku nyama n'uruhu.
Kubikorwa byo ku gipimo kizwi cyane ku ngendo za Gullivier Swift yicaye mu ntangiriro ya 20 y'ikinyejana cya 18. Ibitabo bibiri byambere byumurimo utangaje, ibibi byabantu bisebanya nudusembwa twa societe, byasohotse mu 1726, nyuma yumwaka, abasomyi bakiriye ibindi byinshi. Umuganga w'ubwato bwa Gilliver yahuye n'ibihuru n'imigenzo y'ibihugu bya Lilipits, ibihangange n'amafarasi ashyira mu gasozi, abantu badapfa, ndetse no muri gufungwa muri iyo minsi kugira ngo Abanyaburayi bo mu Burayi.
Ikizamini cyari gifite intsinzi itumva, mugihe kizaza kuba ibitabo bya kera no guhumekwa kubayobozi mirongo. No mu Burusiya, ibitabo byaguye vuba: mu 1772, byahinduwe kuva ku mwanditsi w'Ubufaransa Yerofey Karkhavin. Mu ikubitiro, igitabo cyari gifite izina ryeranye, ariko, ubusobanuro buke bw'umwimerere - "ingendo za Gulliverov kuri Liliput, Brodinaga, Latubarba, Igihugu cyangwa ifarashi."
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwihariye bwa Jonathan Swift busa naho bidasanzwe. Umwanditsi wahujije umubano wurukundo nabakobwa babiri izina niryo - Esiteri.
Mu myaka yakazi, Urusengero, umusore yahuye n'inzu ye n'umukobwa w'imyaka 8 umugaragu Esiteri Johnson. Itandukaniro ry'imyaka mu myaka 15 ntirivanze kugira ngo dushake inshuti: Yonatani yabaye umujyanama n'umwigisha w'umukobwa, yitwaga Stella, kandi mu gihe kizaza kandi mu gihe kizaza. Mu gutandukana, Umwanditsi wa Gullivier yanditse isoko rya buri munsi, amabaruwa yinjira, wahindukiye nyuma y'urupfu rwe mu gitabo "Diariya kuri Stella".
Nyuma y'urupfu rwa nyina, Esiteri w'imfubyi yimukiye muri Irilande, atura mu nzu yakundwa, nubwo umukobwa atarenze umunyeshuri w'umwanditsi. Aba biopirisi barasaba ko mu 1716 abashakanye barubatse, ariko ntibabonye iki kintu kubyemeza.
Undi mugore wihuta yagaragaye mu mibanire y'urukundo kuva 1707, yitwa Esther valodi. Umukobwa w'imfubyi ufite ukuboko kwitonda kwa Yonatani yagonze Vanessa akana. Arifasha kandi gukoraho, inyuguti zibabaje.
Vanessa yapfuye azize igituntu muri 1723, nyuma yimyaka itanu SELA yarapfuye. Umwanditsi yari ahangayikishijwe cyane no kubura abagore bakundwa, ayo makuba yateje ubuzima nkumubiri nubwenge. Ariko umugabo yari agifite amahirwe yo kujya inzira ndende.
Urupfu
Imyaka mike mbere yuko urupfu rwa Yonatani rwihuta rwarwaye indwara zo mumutwe. Mu mabaruwa, inshuti zinubiye ku myumvire mibi kandi zitwara ibintu byose. Imvururu zo mu mutwe zateye imbere, kandi mu 1742 umwanditsi yarokotse ubwonko maze ava ku mutima na gato - ntiyashoboraga kugenda, imvugo yatakaye. Umugabo yagizwe umurinzi. Stari yapfiriye mu gihugu cye mu Kwakira 1745.
Kwihuta byateje urupfu mu 1731 mu kwandika igisigo "imivugo y'urupfu rwa Dr. Swift", aho yamenyesheje credo ye - "kugira ngo asebanya umuntu" afite ibitwenge by'ubugome "bafite ibitwenge byubugome. Mu mwaka wa 40, Epitaph yagerwaho mu ikaramu y'umwanditsi, yanditswe nyuma y'imva, kandi yazinye kandi hafi yinkuge zose zo kubaka ibitaro byo kurwara mu mutwe. Nyuma gato y'urupfu rw'umwanditsi yubatse "ibitaro bya St. Patrick for Ibecilov", imiryango irakinguye.
Bibliografiya
- 1697 - "Intambara y'ibitabo"
- 1704 - "Umugani wa Barrel"
- 1710-1714 - "Diary kuri Stella"
- 1726 - "URUGENDO RUALYERER"