Ubuzima
Umwigisha uzwi cyane w'Uburusiya, uzwi cyane ku gukora amagi y'imitako, atangaje akomeye kandi ya filigree, azwi na bose. Birakwiye kuvuga "amagi ya faberge", mu buryo bwo mu mutwe ibikorwa bitangaje by'ubuhanzi n'amabuye, yishimiye umuryango w'ubutegetsi.
Mu mitsi ya shebuja w'umuhanga, Umudage n'Ubufaransa Danemark yatembaga afite igipimo cya Esitoniya, ariko neza Karl Faberge, uhagaze ku mutwe w'Umuryango w'Abadage i St. Petersburg, ashyiraho ishuri ry'imitako ry'Uburusiya, nyamukuru Ihame ryacyo ryari ryiza.
Rimwe na rimwe, amazu yimitako ya Faberge agaragara kuri cyamunara yisi hanyuma akajya kubaguzi miliyoni zamadorari.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umuvugizi uzaza wavutse mu mpeshyi yo mu 1846 mu murwa mukuru w'amajyaruguru. Mama wa Databuja uzwi - Dane Charlotte Jungsttt, umukobwa wumuhanzi. Padiri Gustav Faberge yavukiye mu misozi yavukiye mu misozi (Ikidage cya Baltique) kuva ku mubare w'Abafaransa-Guenotov, wagiye i Prussia nyuma yo gukuraho nyirizina na Nange Ericta. Mu ntangiriro ya 1840, Gustav Fabernge yashinze amahugurwa y'imitako mu mujyi, ariko nyuma yimyaka 20 yimukiye mu Dresita.
Ubushobozi bwubuhanzi kuva Karl bwerekanye ubwana. Umuhungu yari ashishikajwe cyane n'imitako, kandi se atanga inyigisho zidasanzwe: i St. Petersburg, umuhungu yahawe imikino ngompemo. Hanyuma umusore yize ubucuruzi bwubucuruzi muri Dresden.
Nyuma y'urugendo rurerure runyuze mu mijyi y'Uburayi, Karl yize imitako i Frankfurt yavuye kuri Mabuja Grash Friedman.
Kumanika ubumenyi bwa tekiniki, Faberge yize imicungire y'imishinga isubira muri Palmyra y'Amajyaruguru mu 1864. Mu mahugurwa ya se no muri Hermitage, umutako ukiri muto yagaruwe n'imitako ya kera.
Mu 1872, Gustav Faberge, wabaga muri Dreden, yashyikirije umuhungu w'imyaka 25 w'ububasha akora umutware w'ikipe ya St. Petersburg. Ubwa mbere, abakozi 100 muri leta yashyizwe ku rutonde: Karves nyinshi zabahanganye na barl zarebaga igihe yagendaga i Burayi.
Imitako n'ubucuruzi
Nyuma yimyaka 10, amazu yinzu ya Faberge yaguye mu imurikagurisha ry'ubuhanzi n'imiterere y'inganda, aho babonye kandi bashimye umwami Alexandre wa III. Duhereye kuri iyi ngingo, ubuzima bwa Yewelila bufitanye isano rinini n'umuryango w'abami, gahunda ya Karl Faberge no kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa byayo mu Burayi. Romanovs itegekwa ku mitako y'imitako, aha abavandimwe muri Danimarike, Ubwongereza, Ubugereki.
Mu 1900, umutware w'Uburusiya, umutwe wa "Master of Paris ya Paris Leweles" yubahwa kandi itegeko rya Legio yo mu cyubahiro ryashyizweho na Napoleon ryashyizweho. Ku muhanda munini wo mu nyanja mu mujyi, inyubako nkuru y'isosiyete yagaragaye: Inzu yateguwe na mugenzi wawe - Karl Schmidt. Hasi hasi habaye amahugurwa kandi iduka ryafunguwe, indi mpande eshatu zajyanye umuryango.
Amagi ya mbere yimitako ya Faberge yagaragaye mu 1885. Nategetse umwami wa Marimar kubera umugore wa Maria Fedorovna nkimpano ya pasika. Amagi yitwa "inkoko" cyangwa "inkoko". Ugereranije nabandi, ibicuruzwa bisa byoroshye: hejuru ya enamel yera, imbere - muri zahabu "umuhondo" - inkoko ikozwe muri zahabu yamabara, aho ikamba rya ruby ryari ryihishe.
Igitekerezo cy'amagi gitunguranye cyari cyihishe, ntabwo ari Karl Faberge: Kopi ya mbere y'amagi yagaragaye mu kinyejana cya XVII. Ibicuruzwa nkibi byabitswe mu bubiko bw'umwami Danemark, se w'umugore wa Alexandere wa III, Nee Maria Sofiya Freprica Dagmar. Umwami w'Uburusiya yifuzaga gutuma umugore we impano izabutsa igihugu cye.
EAMPRESSES YATANZWE NUKO Karl Fabernge yabaye umutako w'urukiko kandi yakiriye itegeko: buri mwaka kugirango ashimishe umuryango wa Kanama afite amagi mashya afite ibanga. Nicholas wa II yarazwe gakondo kandi yikubye kabiri: Karl Fabernge buri mwaka kuri Pasika yatangaga amagi 2 - nyina w'umwami n'uwo mwashakanye.
Igishushanyo cy'igi cyemejwe n'umuyobozi w'inzu y'Ubucuruzi, nyuma ya Masters nziza yafashwe ku kazi. Amateka yagumanye amazina ya Mikhail Pirchin (Karelian Nugget), Augustus Holstrom, Eric Collin. Hamwe na Bomonov Inzu y'Ubucuruzi ya Romanov Roberge yazamutse ku bakozi 500.
"Imyambarire" kubwimpano yamagi ya pasika Faberge, yatangijwe, ikwirakwira mu Burayi: Amabwiriza yakiriye inzu yuburusiya kuva mumahanga. Irazwi ku bicuruzwa 15, 7 muri bo Karl Faberge yakoze miri yacu ya zahabu Alexander Kelha. Master 8 asigaye hamwe nabanyeshuri be bakoze kuri Felix Yusukov, Duchess ya Malboro, Rothschilds.
Ibicuruzwa by'imitako by'Uburusiya byibasiye ibyemezo bitunguranye. Karl Faber yabuze ashize amanga: ishingiro ryibikoresho bishobora gukora karlian birch, ukize igiti muri diyama. Yakundaga gukorana na kimwe cya kabiri amabuye y'agaciro n'ibikoresho byafatwaga "bidafite itemewe". Ariko akazi kari kasheje cyane ko yakubise abakiriya basaba cyane.
Amahugurwa ya Faberge yari azwi cyane kuri enamel idasanzwe: amabuye yamajana yamabara hamwe na tekinike ya guillo (ishusho yinyuma yinyuma, yatinyutse hamwe nibicuruzwa byigituba. Amafoto ya Enamel, amasaha, agasanduku, gutaka no gushiraho nkaho byaranze imbere kandi bisa nkibice byinshi.
Inzu y'Ubucuruzi yabyaye imitako y'ibiciro byiza n'ibicuruzwa byo gukora cyane. Mu 1914, urukurikirane rw'ibyumba by'umuringa bivuye mu muringa, imfungwa zahageze. Ariko icyubahiro gikomeye cy'urugo rwa Faberge cyazanye amagi ya pasika ya pasika: Ku muryango wa cyami mu mahugurwa, hashyizweho kopi 54.
Nyuma ya Revolution y'uruganda n'amaduka ya Imperial Leweler. Muri Petrograpp, Bolsheviks yambuwe ibicuruzwa byarangiye n'ibigega by'amabuye y'agaciro n'ibyuma, atishyuye ikaramu y'indishyi. Ibicuruzwa bimwe byashoboye gukuramo abahungu ba Karl Fabernge muri Finlande.
Igico cyafatiriwe cyane cy'amashanyarazi cyagurishijwe, zuzura ububiko bw'igihugu gikiri nto. Amagi atandatu ya pasika yabonye uhagarariye wartski yo kugura Amazu y'Ubwongereza Emmanuel Snouumen mu bubiko bwa petrograpp cya Faberge.
Mu gatasi ko mu 1918, Karl Faber yahungiye rwihishwa muri Riga: umutako w'umwami yatinyaga gutabwa muri yombi no kwicwa. Nyuma yo gutera Bosivik muri Lativiya, shebuja yagiye mu Budage. Igihe Berlin yarimo, Faberge yimukiye muri Frankfurt am Main, aho na yo atatinze.
Imyaka yanyuma yubuzima bwa Faberge bwakoreshejwe muri Wiesbaden. Nyuma y'insanganyamahane nyuma yo kwamburwa umutungo, Shebuja uzwi cyane yaguye mu mwuka kandi asubiramo ko "nta buzima bukiriho."
Mu 2004, ba rwiyemezamirimo w'Uburusiya Victor Vekyelberg ku miliyoni 100 z'amadolari yaguze amagi 9 avuye i Malcolm ku magi 9 (muri bo ubwa mbere - "inkoko" isubira mu Burusiya. Ndashimira umucuruzi i St. Petersburg, inzu ndangamurage ya Faberge yagaragaye.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Karl Fandege rimwe gusa: Umugore we mu 1872 yabaye umukobwa witwa Auguste Jotobs. Mu 1874, Auguste yibarutse umugabo we, witwaga Eugene. Yagiye mu kirenge cya se, yamenye urubanza rw'amabuye y'agaciro, akora mu mahugurwa y'ababyeyi, kandi mu ntangiriro ya 1920 yimukiye mu Bufaransa.
Mu 1876, umuhungu wa kabiri yavutse - Agafon Faberge. Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1895, yinjiye mu bucuruzi bwumuryango, kandi mu mpera za 1890 babaye isuzuma ry'ikibuga cy imperial. Isano ya Agafon Karlovich na Se yamenetse nyuma y'ibasiwe mu kwiba (nyuma inshuti y'umuryango yatuye). Mu myaka ya za 1920, umuhungu w'umugongizi uzwi cyane yakoraga yemerewe na Gokhran. Mu 1927, yiruka muri Finlande, aho yari atuye mu bukene.
Umuhungu wa gatatu wumwami utaha - Alexandre yavutse mu 1877. Namwimukiye i Paris kandi hamwe na murumuna we Evgeny yashinze sosiyete ya Faberge na K. Uwa kane, muto, mwene Charles - NIKOLAI - Yavutse mu 1884. Yabaye umutware w'imitako. Kuva mu 1906 yakoraga ku ishami rya Faberge mu murwa mukuru w'Ubwongereza.
Mu myaka 56, umutwe w'inzu y'imitako wakundanye n'umuririmbyi w'imyaka 21 Cafeshashanana Amalia Cryia, Ceki. Ntabwo bwari bumaze gutinyuka gutandukana numuvugizi wa Roeler wubahwa Romanov, ariko kandi kandi ushishikajwe no kuba umusore Amalie adashobora gutsinda. Buri mwaka Karl Faberge yagiye amezi 3 i Burayi, afata umuririmbyi.
Mu 1912, Kribal yashakanye n'umutware w'umuryango wa kera wa Jeworujiya maze afata izina rya Cycianov. Umugabo wanjye yagiye ako kanya, kandi isano na Karl ntiyigeze avunika. Amaliya yitwa Asta Hari Hari. CTSANOV yashakishijwe Abadage na Aboroliya. Kugera mu Burusiya mu gihe cy'intambara yafashaga Faberge. Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1916, Amalia yarafashwe akajyanwa mu bunyage muri Siberiya. Hamwe na Carl Fabernge, umukundwa wanyuma ntiyari agihuriye, kandi umutako afite ingorane kubera itumanaho na etistrasi ya Autiriyani.
Urupfu
Abaganga bahawe imitako y'imyaka 74 ituje kandi bapimye ubuzima, bashira ku itabi ryatsinzwe: Fabernge yari afite umutima urwaye.
Abenegihugu batwara umutware w'umuryango ku nkombe z'ikiyaga, icyamamare ku kirere. Rwiyemezamirimo wabuze ubuzima bwose yambuwe na Bolsheviks na - nk'uko bigaragara mu bigereranyo bitandukanye - miliyoni 500 z'amadolari, kandi ntabwo arira mu myigaragambyo.
Muri Nzeri 1920, Karl Faberge, nubwo abujijwe n'abaganga, yibujije itabi rikomeye. Ntabwo nabonye umwanya wo kurangiza: yapfuye, gukundana kugeza kuri kimwe cya kabiri. Yashyinguwe Famera ku mva ya Gravereek Jas muri Cannes.
Kwibuka
- Muri St. Petersburg hari kare ya Charles Faberge
- Ku ya 19 Ugushyingo 2013 muri St. Petersburg mu ngoro ya Naryshkin-Shuvalov, umurage wa Faberge wafunguwe
- I Kiev, hari icyapa cyo kwibuka mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro umutako uzwi
- Muri Odessa, ku nyubako ya Hotel ya Patros, aho Salon y'Abatagatifu ya Charles Faberge yari iherereye ku bucuruzi bwa Bolshevik, hashyizweho urwibutso rw'Urwibutso
- I Baden-baden, hari inzu ndangamurage ya faberge - iyambere kwisi, yeguriwe byuzuye imirimo ya MIALILA
- I Moscou hari ishuri ryimitanda kandi rishyira mu bikorwa amazina yubuhanzi bwa Karl Faberge