Ubuzima
Nikolai Leskova yitwa uburyo bw'Uburusiya bw'umugani w'Uburusiya - muri urwo rwego, umwanditsi yahagaze kumurongo umwe na Nikolai Gogol. Umwanditsi yamenyekanye nk'umuhigo afite ubukangurambaga, atera uburyohe muri sosiyete ya Peters. Nyuma yaje gutungurira bagenzi bawe mubumenyi bwa psychologiya, imyitwarire n'imigenzo yabaturage b'igihugu kavukire.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Leskov yavukiye mu mudugudu wa Gorokhovo (Orlovsk Gubernia). Se w'umwanditsi, amacakwa Semen Dmimievich, yari ashaje mu bugwaneza bwa kera - sekuru na se yabaye abatambyi mu rusengero rwo mu mudugudu wa Lesikey (bityo ari izina).
Nibyo, kandi umubyeyi w'umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza ubwe yarangije iseminari, ariko rero yakoraga mu cyumba mpanabyaha rwa Obol. Natekereje ku mpano nini y'abaperereza, nshoboye guhishura ikintu kitoroshye, aho yahise yazuka ku ngazi ya serivisi kandi yakiriye izina ryiza. Mama Maria Petrovna yavuye mucyubahiro cya Moscou.
Mu muryango w'ibabi, watuye mu kigo cy'ubuyobozi bw'intara, bigizwe n'abana batanu - abakobwa babiri n'abahungu batatu, Nikolai bari bakuru. Igihe umuhungu yujuje imyaka 8, se yari afite atuje cyane hamwe na shobuja maze afata umuryango, asezeye mu mudugudu wa Panino, we ubwe yavuze ati, yabibye, yita ku busitani.
Hamwe no kwiga, igipimo gito cyateye ishozi. Umuhungu w'imyaka itanu, umuhungu yiganye muri siporo ya Oryol, amaherezo yari afite ubuhamya bujyanye n'iherezo ry'ibyiciro byacu byose mu ntoki. Ibirwanya bya Leski bishinja gahunda yuburezi yibi bihe ko ubusa numuvumo bakubise icyifuzo cyo gusobanukirwa siyanse. Cyane cyane muri ubwo buryo budasanzwe, guhanga, nka Kohl Leskov.
Nabwirijwe kujya ku kazi. Data wometse ku rugereko rw'ubugizi bwa nabi akorera, nyuma y'umwaka, apfa avuye i Cholera. Muri icyo gihe, hari akababaro kimwe byasenyutse mu muryango w'abigoga byo kuroba - inzu yatwitse inzu hamwe n'umutungo wose.
Umusore NikoLay yagiye kumenyera isi. Nk'uko, umusore we yimuriwe mu cyumba cya Leta i Kiev, aho yari atuye n'abarimu muri nyirarulabule kavukire. Mu murwa mukuru wa Ukraine wa Leskov yarimo ubuzima bushimishije, bwuzuye - bwaba bushishikajwe n'indimi, ubuvanganzo, filozofiya, yicaye ku meza nka federence muri kaminuza, kuzenguruka mu macakubiri n'ibicuruzwa bishaje.
Kuba ukungahaye ubuzima bwubuzima bwakazi kazaza kubandi nyirarume. Umugabo wa Mamina Mamina yise mwishywa kuri sosiyete ye "Shkott na Wilkens", umwanya wafashe ingendo zihebye kandi zikunze gukoreshwa mu Burusiya. Iki gihe umwanditsi yise ibyiza muri biografiya ye.
Ubuvanganzo
Igitekerezo cyo gukoresha ubuzima kubuhanzi bwijambo ryitabiriye leskov igihe kirekire. Bwa mbere, umusore yatekereje ku murima w'umwanditsi, ivi mu bibaya by'Umurusiya hamwe nimirimo muri sosiyete "Shkott na Wilkens" - ingendo zabantu bahawe ibyabaye nubwoko bwabantu basabwaga impapuro.
Intambwe yambere mubitabo Nikolai Senonovich yakoze nkumunyamakuru. Nanditse ingingo "Ku kibi cy'umunsi" muri St. Petersburg n'ibinyamakuru bya Kiev, kunegura muri ruswa byaguye ku bayobozi n'abaganga bapolisi. Intsinzi y'ibitabo irarikira, yazanye iperereza ryinshi.
Icyitegererezo cy'ikaramu nk'umwanditsi w'imirimo y'ubuhanzi cyabaye mu myaka 32 gusa - Nikolay Leskov yanditse inkuru gusa - ubuzima bw'umugore umwe "(uyu munsi tumuzi nk '" Amur muri Lapotors "), abasomyi b'Isomero ryo gusoma bakiriwe.
Kuva ku murimo wa mbere ku mwanditsi, bavugaga nk'umugisha uzi uburyo bwo kwerekana amashusho y'abagore bafite ibibabaje. Kandi byose kuko, nyuma yinkuru yambere, nziza, yinjira kandi igoye kandi igoye "Umukecuru Macsensky County" n "" umurwanyi "wasohotse. Leskov yinjiye mu bushake mu buryo bwijimye bwijimye bwubuzima bwicaye kugiti cye ndetse na sarcasm, yerekana imiterere yihariye, yaje kumenya ubwoko bwimigani.
Mu ruziga rw'inyungu z'ubuvanganzo, Nikolai Senonovich nazo yari ikinamico. Guhera mu 1867, umwanditsi yatangiye kurema ikina. Kimwe mu gukundwa - "abanyamayeri".
Leskov yavuze cyane kuri we no mu kaga. Mu bitabo "nta hantu na hamwe", "mu gihe", "ku ibyuma" bisebanya hamwe na Nihiliste, bavuga ko batazi ubumenyi bw'Uburusiya guhinduka. Isuzuma ryimirimo yumwanditsi nyuma yo gusoma igitabo "ku ibyuma" cyatanzwe Maxim Gorky:
"... Nyuma yo gushya kw'icyuma" ku ibyuma ", ibikorwa by'ubuvanganzo bya Leskov bihinduka gushushanya neza cyangwa, ahubwo, gushushanya igishushanyo - atangira kurema icotostasis ari wewera."Nyuma yo kurekura ibitabo, kunenga demokarasi y'impinduramatwara, abanditsi b'ibinyamakuru byateguwe kuri Leskov Boycot. Ntabwo nanze gufatanya n'umwanditsi Mikhail Katkov gusa, berekeza "Buleletin y'Uburusiya", ariko ntibyashobokaga gukorana n'uyu mwanditsi - amategeko aturanye.
Igicuruzwa gikurikira, cyinjiye mu bubiko bw'ibitabo kavukire, cyari umugani wa shobuja wa shebuja ". Muri yo, uburyo budasanzwe bwa Leskov bwamennye impande nshya, umwanditsi yarebye hamwe na neologism yumwimerere, ashyira hamwe ibyabaye, akora ibintu bigoye. Ibyerekeye Nicolae Senonovich yavuze nk'umwanditsi ukomeye.
Muri 70, umwanditsi yagize ibihe bigoye. Minisiteri yo Kumurikirwa Gushyira Leskov nk'isuzuma ry'ibitabo bishya - Yakemuye, urashobora gusimbuka ibitabo kubasomyi cyangwa kutaba, kandi nakiriye umushahara muto. Byongeye kandi, inkuru ikurikira "yashimishije inzererezi" yanze abanditsi bose, barimo Katkova.
Uyu murimo wumwanditsi watekereje nkubundi buryo bwa geno gakondo yikinyamakuru. Inkuru yahujwe nibibanza bidafitanye isano, kandi ntibirangiye. "Imiterere yubusa" yamenetse muri fluff numukungugu, na Nikolai sezuruch yagombaga gutangaza ibisigazwa byubwonko bwe mumwanya wibitabo.
Mu bihe biri imbere, umwanditsi yajuririye kurema inyuguti zigamije. Kuva munsi y'ibaba ye, icyegeranyo cy'inkuru "umukiranutsi", warimo gushushanya "umuntu ku isaha", "ishusho" n'abandi. Umwanditsi yerekanye abantu bataziguye, bavuga ko abantu bose bahuye na bose. Ariko, abanenga na bagenzi bemeye akazi hamwe na sarcasm. Mu myaka ya za 1980, abakiranutsi bakiriye imico myiza - Leskov yanditse ku ntwari z'ubukristo bwa mbere.
Izuba rirenze, Nikolai Senonovich arongera aburanishwa n'abayobozi, igisirikare, abahagarariye itorero, batanga ibitabo umurimo w "Conago". " No muri iki gihe, ibishishwa byanditse inkuru zo gusoma abana, byishimira gufata abanditsi wibinyamakuru.
Mu bafana b'ubuvanganzo, nyuma ya nyuma, hari abafana bizerwa ba Nikolai Leskov. Intare yijwi zatekereje ku mutego wo muri Oriyol Ubujyakuzimu bw 'Umwanditsi wa Ivan, na Ivan Torriphov, na Ivan Torriphov, na Ivan Torriphov, na Ivan Torriphov, na Ivan Torriphov, na Ivan Trokhov, na Ivan Torriphov, na Ivan Trokhov, na Ivan Trokhov, na Ivan Torriphov, na Ivan Trokhov, na Ivan Torriphov, na Ivan Trokhov, na Ivan Trokhov, na Ivan Torriphov yashizweho n'umuntu mu ntera y'abajyanama babo.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ukurikije amahame yo mu kinyejana cya 19, ubuzima bwite bwa Nikolai Segonovich ntibyari kunanirwa. Umwanditsi yashoboye kujya munsi yikamba kabiri, naho ubugira kabiri numugore wa mbere muzima.
Leskov yashakanye hakiri kare. Olga smirnova, abaragwa ba rwiyemezamirimo wa Kiev batowe. Muri ubu bukwe, umukobwa wa Vera n'Umwana wa Miriya, wapfuye akiri muto. Uwo mwashakanye yagize ikibazo cya psyche kandi yakundaga kuvurwa mu ivuriro rya St. Petersburg rya Mutagatifu Nicholas.
Nikolai Segonovich, mubyukuri, yabuze umugore we maze ahitamo kwinjiriza ubukwe bwabaturage hamwe na Catherine Bubnova, imyaka myinshi ishize. Mu 1866, Leskov yabaye se ku nshuro ya gatatu - mwene Andrei agaragara ku isi. Kuri uyu murongo mu 1922, icyamamare kizaza cya Batiana Leskov wavutse, umwanditsi w'umwanditsi "yarohaje inzererezi". Ariko hamwe n'umugore wa kabiri, Nikolai Senonovich ntiyigeze agera, nyuma yimyaka 11, abashakanye baratandukanye.
Leskov yagendeye ibikomoka ku bimera byingengabitekerezo, yizeraga ko inyamaswa zidashobora kwicwa kubera ibiryo. Umugabo yasohoye ingingo aho Viganov yagabanyijemo inkambi ebyiri - abarya inyama, bareba ubwoko bwakazi, n'abicuza inzirakarengane. Ubwe yavuze ku bya nyuma. Umwanditsi yasabye gukora igitabo cy'Abarusiya kimwe n'ubwenge, birimo "icyatsi" mu bicuruzwa biboneka mu Barusiya. Kandi mu 1893 hagaragaye igitabo nk'iki.
Urupfu
Nikolay Leskov yahuye n'ubuzima bwe bwose kuva asima, mu myaka yashize, indwara yahise yiyongera, ibitero byo guhumeka byatangiye kubaho kurushaho.
Ku ya 21 Gashyantare (ku ya 5 Werurwe, ku buryo bushya) bwo mu 1895, umwanditsi ntiyashoboraga kwihanganira kwiyongera kw'indwara. Yashyinguwe Nikolai Senonovich muri St. Petersburg ku irimbi rya Volkovsky.
Bibliografiya
- 1863 - "Ubuzima bw'umugore umwe"
- 1864 - "Umukecuru Macbeth Mtsensky County"
- 1864 - "Nta hantu"
- 1865 - "Hanze"
- 1866 - "Abarwa"
- 1866 - "umurwanyi"
- 1870 - "Ku ibyuma"
- 1872 - "Sobira"
- 1872 - "Umumarayika wanditseho"
- 1873 - "Inyenzi za Zimetse"
- 1874 - "Gutungurwa"
- 1881 - "Ibumoso"
- 1890 - "Gushushanya Dolls"