Ubuzima
Igor Stravinsky ni igihimwa gikomeye cyo murugo, ukora kandi cyumuyobora, uhagarariye urumuri muri mistike mumuziki. UKURI, bifatwa nkimwe mubayobozi b'ingenzi mubuhanzi bwisi bwikinyejana cya xx.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Mu 1882, Igor Stravinsky yavutse hafi ya St. Petersburg. Ababyeyi be bari bafite umubano utaziguye n'umuziki - Papa Fodor yakoraga mu kinamico ya Mariinsky kandi yari umuhanzi ukwiye w'ingoma y'Uburusiya, Mama Anna - Piyani, yaherekeje uwo bashakanye. Igor yakuze mubashyitsi batagira ingano yabashyitsi, barimo abanditsi, abahanzi, abacuranzi. Se w'umuhungu yari afite urugwiro na Dostoevy.
Bwa mbere kuri piyano, umuhangajo hazaza staius yicaye afite imyaka 9. Nyuma yo kurangiza siporo, ababyeyi bateguye Igor muri kaminuza ya St. Petersburg, aho umusore yiganye ku munyamategeko. Wenyine Stravinsky yize umuziki, hanyuma utangira gufata amasomo wenyine kuva mu ruroma-Korsakov.
Igor gukundana n'umuhungu we Vladimir, bize kandi byemewe n'amategeko. Roman-Korsokov yatangajwe nimpano za Stravinsky, yagiriye inama yo kutinjira muri conservatory, nkubumenyi bwurubyiruko bwari buhagije. Umujyanama watojwe cyane cyane ubuhanga bwa Igor Orchestretic, yahinduye ibikorwa bye. Kubera imbaraga zayo, yashakaga kwigira umuziki we.
Umuziki
Mu 1908, imirimo ibiri ya Stravinsky - "Punn na Castle" na "Symphony Mi-barol marchestre" - biciwe n'Urukiko. Umwaka utaha, Sergey Dyagilev yaje gukora imikorere ya orchestrat ya orchestral: Yatangajwe cyane nimpano y'uwahimbye, yahise amusanganira na ba cerist ballet yo mu Burusiya. Umwaka umwe, Dyagilev yongeye kujurira kuri Stravinky, itumiza umuziki uherekeza kuri ballet nshya "umuriro-inyoni".
Premiere yabaye mu mpeshyi ya 1910: Intsinzi idasanzwe yahise ihinduka urusaku mu mutwe w'abahagarariye igisekuru gishya cy'abanditsi b'umuziki. "Firebird" yatangiye intangiriro y'imirimo ihuriweho na igor na Dyagilev. Igihembwe gitaha gifungura hamwe na ballet "peterosle", hamwe namanota ya Stravinsky na Vaccov Nijinsky muruhare rwakurikiyeho.
Ishushanyijeho intsinzi, uwahimbye yatekereje kwandika ubwoko bwimihango ya simfoni, muri 1913 muri paris yateye urusaku rwinshi. Uyu murimo ni "isoko yera". Abakinnyi mu gihe Minisitiri w'intebe yagabanyijwe mu nkambi ebyiri: Bamwe bararakaye kubyina bidasobanutse hamwe n'umuziki ushize amanga, uwa kabiri yasuhuzaga umusaruro w'umwimerere. Abatangabuhamya bavuze ko ababyinnyi butumva orchestre - Hum cyane yari muri salle.
Kuva uyu munsi wa Stravinsky yitwaga uwahimbye "induru yera" nubwo igezweho. Igor yasize umujyi we kavukire, hamwe n'umugore we n'abana be mu 1910, hatsindishirizwa mu Bufaransa.
Ariko, intambara ya mbere y'isi yose yazanye "ibihe by'Uburusiya" i Paris, n'amafaranga agenga yarangiye. Mu 1914, Chet Stravinsky ihinduka mu Busuwisi nta mibereho. Muri iyo minsi, akenshi yerekeza kuri motif y'Abarusiya, imigani.
Muri iki gihe, umuziki yanditse Stravinsky yarushijeho kumera, yakumiwe, ariko injyana idasanzwe. Mu 1914, yatangiye gukora ku bukwe "ubukwe bwa ballet", yarangiye gusa mu 1923. Yashinzwe ku ndirimbo zo mu cyaro cy'Uburusiya, zakozwe mu bukwe n'ubukwe. Mu 1920, mu buryo bw'Uburusiya, igihangano cya nyuma cy'akazi cyanditswe - "simfoni ku muyaga."
Nyuma y'akazi ke, uburyohe bw'igihugu bwarazimiye, atangira gukora muburyo bwa neochescism. Ibikurikira, uwahimbye asobanura umuziki ushaje wu Burayi nindi miterere ishimishije. Kuva mu 1924, Igor Stravinsky ireka kwandika no gukora nk'umugwaneza n'umuyobora. Intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose irangiye, ibitaramo bye byatangiye kwishimira gukundwa.
Noneho "ibihe byuburusiya" bivugururwa, ariko murugero ruciriritse. Ballet ya nyuma, yakozwe na Dyagilev na Stravinsky, babaye "Apollo Musagyt", Premiere yabereye mu 1928. Nyuma y'umwaka, Dyagilev arapfa, kandi ikinyamakuru gisebanya.
1926 - Ihinduka ryabereye muri Stravinsky, yagize impinduka mu mwuka, birumvikana ko, byagize ingaruka ku guhanga. Motif y'idini igaragara muri "Tsar Edie", muri Cantate "sitefoni ya Zaburi". Libretto kuri iyi mirimo iremwa ku kilatini. Mu 1939, yatumiwe muri kaminuza ya Harvard muri Amerika, aho yasomye uruziga rwa "imiyoboro y'umuziki".
Muri mirongo itanu, Avant-gade igaragara mu Burayi, yangaga ko haplassicism yakundaga cyane, kandi Stravinsky irimo ikibazo cya muzika. Ihungabana rinini, aho iGor yari iherereye, irangirana n'umurimo w'ubushakashatsi, "Katata", "kwibuka kwa Dilan Thomas".
Yakomeje gukora, nubwo yagoswe, kugeza mu 1966, akazi ka nyuma kabaye "Requiem". Nibintu byihishe bidasanzwe byanditswe nuwahimbye muri 84, byahindutse ibimenyetso byubuhanga bukomeye hamwe nimbaraga zidashira za Stravinsky.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Igor Stravinsky mu 1906 yihujijega imibani y'abashakanye hamwe na Kuzona Ekaterina NOSENO. Urukundo runini rwabato ntirwibujije kubaho kwamaraso kavukire, abana 4 bavukiye mubukwe: abahungu svytotoslav na fyodor nabakobwa Lyna na Milena. Abahungu bari imibare mikuru: SVELYATLAV - Umujyanama wa mortuoso na piyano, fyodor, umuhanzi. Ubuzima bwa ludmila Stravinskaya birashimishije kuko yabaye uwo bashakanye Yuri Mandestam.
Catherine yarwaye, ku buryo umuryango wagiye mu Busuwisi - umwuka ukabije wa St. Petersburg ntabwo wahaye umugore guhumeka. Mu 1914, Stravinsky enye ntibashoboraga gusubira mu mpeshyi y'ubujiji mu Burusiya kubera isi ya mbere, hanyuma kubera impinduramatwara. Umutungo n'amafaranga yagumye mu mujyi wabo wavukiyemo, umuryango watoranije.
Igor yafashe ibi byago hafi y'umutima: usibye gufatanya hamwe, yakomeje nyina, mushiki we n'umwiheshre. Mu Burusiya, ubwicamategeko bwaremewe mu mezi y'impinduramatwara mu turere twose, kandi uwahimbye areka kwishyura uburenganzira bwo kubahiriza imirimo kubera abimukira. Byibuze hari ukuntu bikomeza umuryango, Stravinsky yagombaga kubyara ibintu bishya mubikorwa bye.
Imigani n'ibihuha ntabwo yanze ubuzima bwite bwa Igor: Ashimirwa umubano wurukundo na Chane Chal. Yageze ku muboko wa Stravian ubufasha muri iki gihe asigaye rwose nta mafaranga. Agor yabaga muri villa muri Makemoyelle, yateye inkunga disikuru ye, agaburira kandi yambara umuryango we.
Igihe ibintu bya Stravinsky byagaruwe, ava mu nzu ya Chanel, yohereza amafaranga mu yindi myaka 13 buri kwezi - iki kintu kidasanzwe cyari ishingiro ry'imigani ryerekana Igitabo cy'Abafaransa n'Uburusiya. Muri 2009, ibiranga firime "Coco Chanel na Igor Stravinsky" yarekuwe kuri iyi sano.
Mu 1939, Ekaterina Stravinkaya ntabwo yabaye, nyuma y'umwaka, yimukiye muri Amerika, umucuranzi arongora ubwa kabiri ku kwizera k'umusifuzi, umukinnyi wa filime ituje. Hamwe na hamwe, Vera na IGOR bwabayeho imyaka 50, bagerageza kutatandukana kumunota. Mu 1962, abashakanye basuye igihugu kavukire - i Moscou na Leningrad, inama yerekanwe kuri tereviziyo.
Urupfu
Uwahimbye ntabwo yakoraga ku ya 6 Mata 1971, icyateye urupfu ni kunanirwa n'umutima. Umugore wa Vera Arturovna amushyingura muri Venise, mu kigo cy'Uburusiya cy'icyambu cya San Michele, hafi y'imva ya Dyagilev. Nyuma yimyaka 11, uwo mwashakanye azashyingurwa iruhande rw'umugabo we.
Izina rya Stravinsky ryacitse inshuro nyinshi: yari yambaye ishuri ry'umuziki i Oranienbaum, mu mukino wa moteri ya mukerarugendo na Aircraft Airlines "Aeroflot". Mu rwego rwo kubahiriza Stravinky muri Ukraine, ibirori mpuzamahanga bya muzika bibera buri mwaka.
Discography
- 1906 - "Pungani na Cowgirl"
- 1908 - "Scharzo Fatherzo"
- 1910 - Ballet "Firebird"
- 1911 - Ballet "Perisile"
- 1913 - "Isoko ryera, amashusho ya gipagani mu Burusiya 2"
- 1914 - Umugani "solovy"
- 1918 - Umugani "Amateka Yumusirikare"
- 1920 - Ballet "Pulcinell"
- 1922 - Opera Mavra
- 1923 - Amashusho ya Choreografiya "Ubukwe"
- 1927 - Opra "King Edop"
- 1928 - Ballet "Apollo Musaget"
- 1930 - "Symphony ya Zaburi"
- 1931 - "Igitaramo cya Violin D-Dur"
- 1942 - "Imbyino Igitaramo"
- 1954 - "4 Indirimbo 4 z'Uburusiya"
- 1963 - "Aburahamu na Isaka"
- 1966 - "Indirimbo Yizuba"