Ubuzima
Ubuzima bw'umwamikazi wa Sitetish wo mu kinyejana cya cumi na gatandatu, Mary Stewart, arazukishwa cyane byabaye nk'impamvu yo guhumeka abandi n'abakinnyi b'isi. Kubwibyo, abantu, kure yo kwiga amateka yisi, byibuze byumvikanisha cyane kubuzima nikinamico yumwamikazi.
Iherezo rya Mariya na Mariya ryategetse ko hafi kuva nkivuka, yagenewe kuba umwamikazi wa Scotland. Data wihutira igihugu mu gihe cyo kugaragara kwa guverinoma kizaza, yapfuye gitunguranye igihe umwana atasohozwa n'icyumweru. Umwami ntabwo yarokotse gutsindwa kw'ingabo mu guhangana n'ubwongereza n'urupfu rw'abahungu bombi basigaye abarangiza baheruka ku murongo w'igitsina gabo.
Nyuma y'urupfu rw'umwami ukora, urugamba rwo guharanira umuyobozi ku mwana rugenda. Uru rugamba rwagaragaje uko ibintu bya politiki mu gihugu, ingwate itangwa n'ubutegetsi bwabaye ku buzima bw'umwamikazi muto. Regent yari James yari James Hamilton - umuvandimwe wa hafi wa Stuarts, ashyigikira ingaruka z'Ubwongereza, nubwo nta ntambara ya Leta ebyiri. Nyina w'umukobwa Maria De Griz, Ahubwo, ashyigikira Commonwealth ya Scotland n'Ubufaransa.
Ukwizera kuzaza kwa Maria Stewart hamwe na samuragwa wimwe mubihugu bivuguruzanya byari umurimo wibikorwa byubutaka bwimpande. Umwamikazi batanu, umwamikazi ukiri muto yoherejwe mu Bufaransa, mu rukiko rwa Heinrich II, umwami n'umwami w'abayobozi ba nyirabukire.
Mu Bufaransa, Maria yamaze imyaka itangaje, amaze kubona inyigisho nziza, ku bujurire bwa cyami n'icyubahiro by'ukuri. Mu myaka cumi n'itandatu, Maria amenyeshwa n'umugabo we wa mbere, samir mu Bufaransa - Francis.
Kurwanira intebe
Francis yarababaje cyane kandi yari afite ubuzima budakomeye. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri nyuma yubukwe, ubuzima bwumusore bwaraciwe. Maria Medici yaje ku bufaransa, kandi umwamikazi wa Scotland yaje gusubira mu kibaya, aho nyina wa nyina yazuka, kandi impinduramatwara y'Abaporotesitanti yazuwe.
Urugo, rugabanijwe, kimwe na Scotland, inkambi ebyiri - Abaporotesitanti n'Abagatolika, bagerageje kwishingikiriza umwamikazi umwe mu baburanye. Nubwo kubura uburambe, Maria Stewart yatoye politiki ishoboye kandi yitonda. Ntiyigeze asohora abaporoteromu, yemejwe n'igihe idini rya Leta yemewe, ariko ntibyahwemye kuvugana na Roma Gatolika. Serivise Gatolika yakomeje kuba mu gikari.
Amaze kubona imbaraga kandi akomeza intebe y'ubwami, Umwamikazi yageze ku mahoro n'umutekano mu gihugu, nubwo urwango rwa Elizabeti na Elizabeti na Elizabeti, nyir'intebe y'icyongereza, yararokowe. Elizabeth yafatwaga ku murage mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko, maze Maria Stewart, nk'uko abayoboke bigisha bavuga ko bari bafite uburenganzira ku ntebe y'ubwami. Gusa mu guhangana kuri Scotland ntabwo byakemutse.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Umusore, mwiza, mwiza kandi wize cyane Maria yari akunzwe nabantu. Umugore arashidikanya kandi azenguruka umutwe abazungura n'abami. Ariko ubuzima bwumwami buyobowe ninyungu za leta kandi bifitanye isano rinini namateka yigihugu. Ubukwe bwurukundo ntabwo buri gihe bushoboka kandi bufite ishingiro kumwamikazi.
Ishyingiranwa ryafatwaga nkigikorwa cyunguka no gutangira ubumwe no gushyigikira leta. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Francis, ikibazo cyo gushyingirwa Mariya Stewart yaharutse kurongora. Elizabeth nk'umuntu uhanganye mu kuboko n'umutima wa Plaid watanze Robert Dudy Dudley Dudley. Icyiciro nk'iki cyateje uburakari bwa Mariya. Umwamikazi ntashobora guhitamo abakunzi b'umwamikazi.
Mu 1565, mubyara w'umwamikazi Heinrich Stewart ageze muri Scotland, Lord Darnley. Igikundiro gishimishije, umusore utagira ubwenegihugu kandi muremure yakundaga kwitabwaho kandi ahita amukubita umutima. Muri uwo mwaka, umusore yashakanye ni yo nyirabayazana wo kutanyurwa n'umwamikazi w'icyongereza hamwe n'abaporotesitanti. Abayobozi bashinzwe cyane cyane bo mu rukiko rw'umwami bateguye umugambi mubisha bagerageza kuzamura imyigaragambyo, Mariya yashoboye guhagarika, ashyira ingufu nyinshi.
Umugabo watewe cyane yatengushye umwamikazi, kuba afite ubwoba, ntabwo yiteguye kwipimisha intebe yumuntu. Guverinoma ikonje ku bashakanye, nubwo yatandukaniye mu gikari n'ivuka rya samuragwa. Dufashijwe na Darnley Darnley, yateguye umugambi mubisha, kandi imbere yintera ya Maria Stewart yarishwe cyane ninshuti ye magara n'umunyamabanga bwite David Ridcio.
Kujya mu mayeri, Umwamikazi yiyunze ku mugaragaro n'umugabo we n'abamushyigikiye, bakora amacakubiri mu ihuriro ry'ibanga. Igihe ingabo zabanya bahanganye zumye, Maria yakemuye Abanyaristowabukiye.
Umutima w'umwamikazi uhabwa undi mugabo - James Hepbern, n'uwo mwashakanye arabibangamira gusa. Hamwe n'ibihe bidasanzwe mu 1567, Darnley yica mu nkengero za Edinburgh. Inzu umwami yahagurukiyega yafunguwe. Uruhare rwa Mariya kubintu ntabwo byaragaragaye. Abahanga mu by'amateka baracyazimiye mu gukeka uruhare rutaziguye mu iyicwa ry'umugore w'umunyafise.
Ntabwo ari ipfunwe na gato, mu 1567, bayobowe gusa n'umurima w'umutima, Maria arubatse ashimishije. Iki gikorwa amaherezo kibuza inkunga y'urugo.
Abatari Abaporotesitanti, bateye ubwoba abaporotestanti baho mugihe gito gishoboka bategura kwigomeka no guhatira umwamikazi kureka intebe ishyigikira umuhungu Yakov, umuyobozi umwe mu bashinzwe kwigaragambya. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko Maria ategura isuku guhunga igihugu, agahangayikishwa n'ubuzima bwabakundwa.
Umwamikazi wahiritswe yafunzwe muri Castle ya Lohallen, aho, aho ibihuha, yibarutse rwihishwa impanga. Ntabwo bizwi, abana barokotse cyangwa bavutse bapfuye, ariko mumateka ya Stratind amazina yabo ntiyavuzwe. Kureshya Umucungagereza, Maria yahunze igifungo ajya mu Bwongereza, yizeye ko azashyigikira Elizabeti.
Urupfu
Kuko umwamikazi w'Ubwongereza, Maria Stewart yamye ari umuhanga udashaka akanageza ku Bwami. Scotland ya nabi ntiyumva igikundwa Elizabeth, kandi ntiyigeze amenya uko umugore w'Uburusiya yajya, udafite abaragwa cyangwa ubuzima bwite. Kugerageza gukurura igihe, Elizabeti yifatanije na mubyara mu nyongerandikira, yanze cyane guhura ku giti cye.
Mariya yari umuhembo cy'abagizi ba nabi n'abantu, ni ko nagize iherezo ry'umugore wagombaga guhitamo Komisiyo y'icyongereza. Igikundiro cy'intoki hanyuma gikinira uruhare, byarakundanye kandi cyari cyiteguye kurongora hamwe n'umuyobozi w'icyaha wabikekwaho.
Amaherezo, kwihangana kwa Elizabeth byegereje imperuka. Maria yabaye igitambo cy'ubugambanyi. Inyandiko yarashutswe, ukurikije otcosse yategetse kwica Elizabeti. Umwamikazi wicyongereza yasinyanye itegeko ryo kurangiza Mariya Stewart.
Kwishimira Scotland yasabye urupfu rwa ruguru. Ku munsi wo kuzamuka ku gisekuru, yambaye imyenda itukura kandi umutwe wambaye cyane wagiye ku myigaragambyo. Icyemezo n'ubutwari byumugore byerekanaga abari aho bose, ndetse nayarimu ubwe. Muri rusange, Maria yavuze ko ibabarira abantu bose, ashyira umutwe we kugwa.
Umwamikazi wahiritse kandi watanyaguye yifuzaga gushyingurwa mu Bufaransa. Isezerano rya nyuma rya Mariya ntabwo ryasohoye, rishyingura ibisigazwa mu Bwongereza. Umuhungu wa Mariya Yakov, aba umwami wUmwami n'umwami w'Ubwongereza mu 1603, yategetse kwimurira umukungugu wa nyina kwa Westminster Abbey.
Kwibuka
Ibihe byiza kandi bitangaje, ububi bwuzuye, amayeri nurukundo, ntabwo bushobora kuba abanditsi nabasizi. Amateka y'ubuzima bw'umwamikazi yasobanuwe na SPHILRLER SCHIG, Stefan Cweig, Joseph Brodsky yeguriye ibyago by'igisigo cy'imivugo "abahungu makumyabiri kuri Mariya Stewart."
Ishusho yumwamikazi igaragarira mubikorwa na firime. Urukurikirane rukunzwe "Ubwami" ruvuga ubuzima bwumwamikazi ukiri muto no kuhagera ku ntebe.
Ahari, nta n'umwe mu bagore b'abami bitaye ku buhanzi n'ubuvanganzo, Mariya Stewart, icyo gisakuzo n'amakuba y'ubuzima bwagerageje guhishura abanditsi beza b'isi.
Mubihe bitandukanye muri firime mumashusho yumwamikazi Scottish yaramurikiye:
- Catherine Hepyuma muri Filime "Mariya Scottish" (1936)
- Inge Keller muri Telefilm "Maria Stewart" (1959)
- Vanessa Redgrave Muri Filime "Maria - Umwamikazi wa Scotland" (1971)
- Abasizi ba Clemence muri Filime "Ubugambanyi bwo kurwanya ikamba" (2004)
- Umutsinzi wa Charlotte mu rukurikirane rwa Mini "Umwamikazi-Isugi" (2005)
- Barbara Flynn muri Mini-Series "Elizabeth I" (2005)
- Marton Morton muri Filime "Igihe cya Zahabu" (2007)
- Adelaide nane mu rukurikirane rwa tereviziyo "Ubwami" (2013)
- Camilla Ponerford muri Filime "Maria - Umwamikazi wa Scotland" (2013)
- Sirssha Ronan Muri Filime "Maria - Umwamikazi wa Scotland" (2018)