Ubuzima
UMWAMI HEIINRICH wa VIII Tydo ategeka Ubwongereza mu kinyejana cya XVI. Yabaye umwami wa kabiri kuva ku ngoma ya Tudor. Birazwi ko gushyingirwa kwe, kubera umwe muri bo yigometse kuri Kiliziya Gatolika, arenga ku busa n'ubupa Papa maze aba umuyobozi w'itorero ry'Abangilikani.
Umwami yarwaye indwara zo mu mutwe kandi arangije ingoma ye irangiye, ntabwo yatandukanije abatavuga rumwe na politiki nyabo, n'aho ibitekerezo bitekereza. Nyuma y'ivugurura ry'Icyongereza ryatumye igihugu cy'abaporotesitanti mu Bwongereza. Ingaruka zayo ku gihugu biracyafite. Ubuzima bw'umutegetsi bwasobanuwe mu mahame icumi ya mbere, film na selial.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Heinrich VIII yavutse ku ya 28 Kamena 1491 i Greewich, mu Bwongereza. Yabaye umwana wa gatatu mu muryango w'umwami w'Ubwongereza Henry VII na Elizabeth York. Nyirakuru yakoraga umukunzi - umukecuru Margaret bear. Yashizeho indangagaciro z'umwuka, yitabiriye misa na we kandi yiga Bibiliya.Imyaka cumi n'itanu yapfuye musazawe - Arthur. Ni we wagombaga kujya ku ntebe y'ubwami, ariko nyuma y'urupfu rwe, Heinrich VIII yabaye uwambere. Yakiriye izina ry'umuganwa Welsh, atangira gutegura amakangi.
Se Umwami Heinrich VII yagerageje kwagura ingaruka z'Ubwongereza no gushimangira ishyirahamwe mu bihugu duturanye, bityo ashimangira ko Umwana washinje Ekaterina Aragon, umukobwa w'abashinze leta ya Ekateri n'Umupfakazi. Nta cyemezo cyanditse, ariko hariho ibihuha byerekana ko umusore yishyize hejuru muri ubwo bukwe.
Inteko Nyobozi
Mu 1509, nyuma y'urupfu rwa se, Henrich w'imyaka cumi n'imyaka irindwi yazamutse ku ntebe y'ubwami. Mu myaka ibiri ya mbere y'ubutegetsi bwe, Richard Fox na William Warham yishora mu bibazo byose bya Leta. Nyuma yabo, ingufu zahawe akadinali Thomas Wawse, nyuma yo kuba Umwami-umuyobozi w'Ubwongereza. Ubusanzwe, Umwami ukiri muto ntiyashoboraga kwiyobora, nuko yungutse uburambe na Asultel, guverinoma nyayo yari mu maboko y'abafasha b'inararibonye bitabiriye ibibazo by'ingenzi umwami w'ingenzi.
Mu 1512, Heinrich VIII yatsindiye uwambere muburyo bwe. Yerekeje amato ye mu nzira yerekeza ku nkombe z'Ubufaransa. Ngaho, ingabo z'icyongereza zajanjaguye igifaransa maze zisubira mu rugo intsinzi.
Muri rusange, intambara na France yamaze kugeza 1525 hamwe no gutsinda bitandukanye. Umwami yashoboye kugera ku murwa mukuru w'igihugu cy'umwanzi, ariko bidatinze Ububiko bwa Gisirikare bw'Ubwongereza bwari ubusa, kandi nta kintu na kimwe cyagumyeho ubusa, kandi nta kintu na kimwe cyagumyeho, kandi nta kintu na kimwe cyagumyeho, kandi nta kintu na kimwe cyagumyeho, kandi nta kintu na kimwe cyagumyeho, kandi nta kintu na kimwe cyagumyeho, kandi nta kintu na kimwe cyagumyeho, kandi nta kintu na kimwe cyagumyeho, kandi nta kintu na kimwe cyagumyeho, kandi nta kintu na kimwe cyagumyeho, kandi nta kintu na kimwe cyagumyeho, kandi nta kintu na kimwe cyagumyeho, kandi nta kintu na kimwe cyagumyeho, kandi nta kintu na kimwe cyagumyeho, kandi nta kintu na kimwe gisigaye, kandi nta kintu na kimwe cyagumyeho, usibye gufata umwanzuro. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko umwami ubwe yagaragaye ku rugamba. Yari archet ategeka abayoboke be bose gukora imyitozo mu cyumweru kugira ngo basakuze.
Politiki y'imbere y'igihugu ntiyari kure cyane. Heinrich VIII n'amabwiriza yabo yangije abahinzi mato, kubera iyo mirenge minini ibihumbi icumi byagaragaye mu Bwongereza. UMWAMI WIZA N'IKI kibazo, Umwami yatanze itegeko "ku isakaza". Kubera we, ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bahoze ari abahinzi bamanitswe.
Nibyo, uruhare rukomeye mugutezimbere Ubwongereza ni ivugurura ryitorero. Kubera ko Kiliziya ya Kiliziya Gatolika ifite ubutane bw'umwami, yamennye ihuriro ry'ubupapa. Nyuma y'ibyo, yashyize ahagaragara ikirego cy'ubugambanyi kuri Papa - Clement VII.
Yashyizeho kandi Arkiyepiskopi wa Canterberiya Thomas Cranmer, umenye ko ubukwe bwa Heinrich na Catherine bitemewe. Bidatinze, umwami yashakanye na Anna Boleyn. Yakomeje kurandura burundu itorero ry'Abaroma mu Bwongereza. Insengero zose, katedrali n'amatorero byarangiye. Imitungo yose yafatiriwe itonerwa na Leta, abatambyi n'ababwiriza bose biciwe, kandi Bibiliya ntabwo yari mu Cyongereza - yatwitse. Ukurikije umwami yarakinguwe asamba imva z'abatagatifu.
Mu 1540, Heinrich VIII Kaznill Thomas Cromell, wari umufasha munini ku mwami mu ivugurura. Nyuma yibyo, asubira mu kwizera gatolika kandi asohora igikorwa cyingingo esheshatu, ashyigikira Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'Ubwongereza. Dukurikije icyo gikorwa, abaturage bose bo mu Bwami bagombaga kuzana impano mu misa, gusabana, kwatura. Yategetse abakozi bo mu mwuka kwitegereza indahiro y'ubukwe n'indi mihigo. Abantu bose butemewe nigikorwa, bicwe kubugambanyi.
Yongeyeho ko umwami amaze kwinginga umugore we Gatolika, yongeye gufata icyemezo cyo guhindura imyizerere y'itorero mu Bwongereza. Forbide Imihango Gatolika kandi yasubije abaporotesitanti. Ivugurura rya Heinrich VIII ntirihuye kandi ntirya sinlogiya, ariko ryashoboye kurema itorero ryabo, ryigenga i Roma.
Ingoma ye irangiye, Heinrich VIII yabaye umugome. Abahanga mu by'amateka bavuga ko yari afite indwara ya genetike yahinduye psyche - yabigize impinduka, zishyushye kandi zifite ubugome. Yishe abantu bose batashyingiranywe.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Umwami w'icyongereza yashyingiwe inshuro esheshatu. Umugore wa mbere yahisemo se. Arindwi na Catherine Aragon, yarahukanye, amusiga izina ry'umupfakazi. Impamvu yo gutandukana ni uko abana ba Catherine bapfuye mugihe atwite cyangwa ako kanya. Kurokoka Umukobwa umwe gusa - Mariya, ariko Heinrich VIII arota samuragwa. Mu 1553, umukobwa we yabaye umwamikazi wa mbere w'Ubwongereza, uzwi kumenyeshwa izina rya Mariya amaraso.
Anna Bolein yabaye umugore wa kabiri w'umwami. Yanze kuba nyirabuja, ni ko umwami ahitamo gutandukana muri Catherine. Cari anna wahumekeye henrich VIII ko umwami yari ashinzwe gusa imbere ye n'ikamba, kandi igitekerezo cy'abapadiri i Roma ntigikwiye guhangayika. Nyuma yibyo, umwami yahisemo kuvugurura.
Mu 1533, Ana yabaye umugore wemewe wumukuru wa leta. Muri uwo mwaka, umukobwa yambitswe ikamba. Nyuma y'amezi icyenda nyuma y'ubukwe, Anna yibarutse umwami umukobwa wa Elizabeti. Inda zose zakurikiyeho zarangiye kunanirwa, kandi umwami yatengushye umugore we. Yamushinje kugambanira no kwicwa mu mpeshyi yo mu 1536.
Umugore ukurikira Henry VIII yabaye Frerina Anna - Jane Seymour. Ubukwe bwabereye icyumweru nyuma yo kurangiza umugore wa kabiri w'umwami. Wari Jane washoboye kubyara umwami w'umurage wari utegerejwe kuva 1537. Umwamikazi yapfuye nyuma gato yo kugaragara k'Umwana ku mucyo kubera ingorane zo kuvuka.
Ubukwe butaha bwabaye inzira ya politiki. Umwami w'icyongereza yashakanye na Anna Klevsky, umukobwa wa Johann III Klevsky, wari Duke w'Ubudage. Heinrich yahisemo ko yabanje kubona umukobwa hanyuma agafata umwanzuro, nuko mbategetse port ye.
Kugaragara kwa Anna nakunze umwami, maze ahitamo ubukwe. Igihe bahura, umugeni ntiyakundaga umwami, maze agerageza gukuraho umugore we vuba bishoboka. Mu 1540, ubukwe bwahagaritswe kubera uruhare rwa nyuma rwumukobwa. Kuberako kuba ishyingiranwa ryahindutse ryatsinzwe, uwamuteguye yiciwe - Thomas cemewell.
Mu ci ryo mu 1540, Heinrich VIII yashakanye na mushiki we wa kabiri - Catherine Howard. Umwami yakundanye numukobwa, ariko ntiyari azi ko afite umukunzi mbere yubukwe. Yahinduye umwami na nyuma y'ubukwe. Nanone, umukobwa yarinjijwe bijyanye na PJ Umuyobozi wa Leta. Mu 1542, Catherine hamwe nabakoze ibyaha bose bariciwe.
Parmina Parr wabaye umugore wa gatandatu kandi wanyuma wumwami wicyongereza. Umupfakazi w'Urubuga rwa kabiri mbere yo gushyingirwa n'Umwami. Yari umuntu w'Abaporotesitanti n'uwo mwashakanye yunamye kwizera kwe. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Heinrich VIII, yarashyinguwe kabiri.
Urupfu
Umwami w'Ubwongereza yarwaye indwara icumi. Umubyibuho ukabije wabaye ikibazo nyamukuru. Yatangiye kwimuka bike, ikibuno cye cyarenze ingano ya metero 1.5. Yimukiye gusa n'ibikoresho bidasanzwe.
Mu guhiga, Heinrich yakomeretse, yaje kwica. Lekari aramurakarira, ariko nyuma yo gukomeretsa, ibirenge byinjiye mu bwana, kandi igikomere gitangira kwiyongera.
Abaganga bavanze n'amaboko babwira ko indwara yica. Igikomere cyarwaniye, uko umwami yari yarangiritse, kandi impengamiro ye iracyakomeye.
Yahinduye uburyo bw'imbaraga - hafi yakuweho imboga n'imbuto, bigatuma inyama zitukura gusa. Abaganga bizeye ko aribyo bitera rwose urupfu rw'umwami ku ya 28 Mutarama 1547.
Kwibuka
- 1702 - Igishusho mu bitaro bya Mutagatifu Bartholomew;
- 1911 - Filime "Heinrich VIII";
- 1993 - Filime "Ubuzima bwite Henry VIII";
- 2003 - urukurikirane "Heinrich VIII";
- 2006 - Umuroma "umurage w'ububabare";
- 2008 - Filime "Undi mu bwoko bwa Bolein";
- 2012 - Igitabo "Heinrich VIII na batandatu mu bagore be: Autobiography ya Henry VIII hamwe n'ibitekerezo na jering azobitekerezo."