Ubuzima
Yakov Iodifovh Jugashvich numuhemu mukuru wa Joseke Betalin, wapfuye mugihe cyintambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu mu bunyage bw'Ubudage. Ubuzima nigihe cyabatiza "se w'abantu" birababaje kandi ntabwo bihuye n '"ikitekerezo" cy'umuhungu w'intangarugero, uko nifuza kugandukira kwamamaza muri Sovieti. Jakov Jugashvili yari umuntu usanzwe - uvuguruzanya, kuzunguruka, kuzunguruka kandi ari muzima, kandi imiterere yumuvugizi wa Jenerali Bisimimus aho yabujijwe kumufasha mubuzima.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Imfura ya Stalin yavutse muri Werurwe 1907 mu majyaruguru ya Jeworujiya, mu mudugudu wa Badji, utari kure ya Kutaisi. Mama Ekaterina Svanidze Yakov yibutse: Umugore yapfuye azize umutwe w'inda y'agayi amezi 8 nyuma y'ivuka ry'Umwana.
Kugeza ku myaka 14, mwishywa yari yita kuri Nyirasenge ya Nyirasenge Alexandra, bashiki ba Mamina. Ishuri ryegereye ryari mu mudugudu uturanye, ku birometero 7, na Yasha buri munsi n'amaguru atsinda inzira i Badji n'inyuma. Papa yajyanye imfura muri Moscou mu 1921. Muri uwo mwaka, umuhungu wa Stalin Vasily yavutse afite ejo hazaza h'Umunyamabanga mukuru wa Komite Nkuru ya RCPP (b).
Mu murwa mukuru, ingimbi waturutse mu Ntara ya Jeworujiya ya Deraf yatunguye. Mu muryango mushya, se yumvise arenze urugero, aceceka kandi akomeza igicucu, aho stalin yitwa Yakov Volconk. Nadezhda Allilueva yamennye umuhungu afite ubushyuhe bw'ababyeyi akamusanga.
Yakov Jugashvili yarangije amashuri kuri Arbat, yahise ajya mu ishuri ry'amashanyarazi muri Sokolniki. Mu 1925, umusore yahawe amashuri yisumbuye, ariko yanga kwinjira mu kigo, nubwo iryo suzuma ryari hejuru.
Ubukwe bwibanga bwumwaka wa Yakov wimyaka 17 ku muto w'umwaka abiga inzoga Zoe Gunnina, umukobwa wa padiri, azinga umukara w'umujinya wa se w'umuhungu we. Intonganya n'umubyeyi warangiye no kugerageza kwiyahura: Jugashvili yaratoye, ariko isasu ryagiye ku muhengeri.
Nyuma yo gukira yakov n'umugore we mu Nama Njyanama, Sergey Kirov yagiye kwa Leningrad asanga icumbi mu muryango wa Alilyluve. Zoya yinjiye mu kigo cy'umusozi, na jugashvili ruto, abifashijwemo na Kirov, batura ku kazi ku nkombe n'umufasha wa electrometer.
Yakov yakoze icyifuzo cya se asubira mu murwa mukuru mu 1930. I Leningrad, ntacyo yakoze: umwaka utashize bagize umukobwa ufite imivugo, ariko nyuma y'amezi make apfuye. Umuryango watandukanye.
I Moscow, Yakov Zhugashvili yabaye umunyeshuri mu kigo cy'abashakashatsi bashinzwe gutwara abantu, aho kugeza mu 1936 bize mu ishami rya fiziki. Umwaka wumuyobozi wumuyobozi wakoraga ku rugandamero rw'amashanyarazi rwa Data, nk'umwenda w'imari ya turbine. Joseph Vissariovich yarose urota umwuga wa gisirikare w'abahungu, na Yakov yatakaje: mu 1937 yabaye umunyeshuri wo mu ishuri rimwe rya Acaldiry.
Jugashvili yarangije ishuri mbere yintambara. Muri Gicurasi 1941, yagizwe umuyobozi wa bateri hamwe n'umunyamuryango wa WCP (B).
Umuganda
Imbere, Lieutenant Yakov Jugashvili yakubise mu mpera za Kamena 1941. Data wo gusezera ku kurongora, yarakoze, ayobora bateri ya Shoubic Shelf ya Tank igabana ry'ingabo za 20. Nyuma y'icyumweru, ku ya 4 Nyakanga, igice cya Jugashvili cyaguye mu kidukikije hafi ya Vitebsk, maze ku ya 7 Nyakanga, maze ari kumwe n'abandi barwanyi, bashyikirizwa igihembo cyo guhatanira urugamba rw'umujyi wa Seneno.Hagati muri Kanama 1941, ingingo yerekeye ubutwari n'ubutwari bw'umuyobozi wa bateri yasohotse mu nyenyeri itukura, kugeza ku musanyi wa nyuma, hamwe n'abarwanyi barwana n'umwanzi. Mu gihe cyo gusohora nimero yikinyamakuru, Yakov yafashwe kubadage ukwezi. Yaguye kuri Fashiste, kuva mu bihe by'abanzi, hagati muri Nyakanga.
Ku nshuro ya mbere, umuhungu wa Jenerali Pissimusi yabajije ku ya 18 Nyakanga 1941. Porotokole yo kubaza yabonetse nyuma yintambara i Berlin, mububiko. Muri iki gihe, inyandiko ibitswe muri Podolsk, mu bubiko bw'inyandiko z'umurimo wa gisirikare. Ku ibazwa, umuhungu w'umukuru w'igihugu cy'Abasoviyeti yakomezaga bihagije, ariko ntiyashobora kunanira mu magambo yo gutenguha amayeri y'ibikorwa by'ingabo zitukura.
Imyaka ibiri Yakov, Jugashvili yazengurutse inkambi: Yatwarwaga muri Bavarian Hammelburg mu majyaruguru y'Ubudage, mu majyaruguru ya Lubeck, kandi kuva aho mu 1942 kugera mu kigo cyakoraho cya Zakshenhausen i Oranienburg.
Birashoboka ko iryo tegeko, itegeko ry'Ubudage ryagerageje guhana umuhungu wa Jeneralissimusi ku mfungwa ya Wehrmacht. Ku nshuro ya mbere, ibi byanditswe na mushiki wa Yakov, Svetlana adlyluweva. Ndamutseho, se yamubwiye kungurana ibitekerezo no kwanga kunama n'umwanzi mu gihe cy'itumba ryo mu 1943-44.
Gahunda yo gutanga Abadage Guhana Yakobo kuri Friedrich Paulus ntabwo yabonye icyemezo, kandi amagambo y'umuyobozi ntabwo yahanaguye umusirikare mu murima Marshal, ashobora kuba umugani mwiza w'abanyaoloni b'abinyabuzima bya Stalin w'amateka. Ariko ikinyamakuru cyo kugerageza gukorana birashoboka.
Mu kwibuka yanditse mu gihe cy'intambara, Georgy Zhukov asangiye ko Joseph Vissariovich yari azi ibibera bibabaje bya Yakov. Muri iyo nama, yagabanutse ko umuhungu we atavuye mu nkambi, Abadage baramurasa. Mu kinamico ya gisirikare "Kugwa kwa Berlin" MIKHAIL CHIAUreli yashakaga kwerekana intwari z'ibanze za Jeneralissimusi nk'intwari ibabaje y'intambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu, ariko igitero cya Stalin.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Hagati ya 1930, Jaugashvili yagiye i UrUpinsk, aho yamaze ikiruhuko. Kumenyana na Olga Golysheva byabereye muri bene wabo byiringiro allyluve. Igitabo cyihuse cyatangiye, kitambikwa ikamba ryubukwe bwemewe.
Umwaka umwe, mu 1936, Olga yibarutse Yakobo imfura, witwaga Eugene. Muri kiriya gihe, jugashvili yari asanzwe mu mibanire ya ballet Julia Melzer. Muri Gashyantare 1938, uwo mwashakanye yahaye umugabo we umukobwa we Galina.
Umwuzukuru wa Joseph Vissarionovich - Evgeny Jugashvili - yarangije amashuri ya gisirikare ya Suvoov muri Kalinin, hanyuma aisosiyete y'ubwubatsi mu kirere. Sekuru amaze gupfa, abuzukuru washyizeho igihembo ku giti cye mbere yuko uburezi burangira.
Eugene yarwanije inyigisho ye no mu 1970-80 yigishije mu mashami ya gisirikare. Mu ntangiriro ya za 90, yavuye mu ntera ya Coloneli. Yanditse igitabo kivuga kuri sekuru uzwi cyane akina Joseph Vissarionovich muri film Devi Abashididze "Yakov, umuhungu Sitalin".
Evgenia Zhugashvili yari afite abahungu babiri - Vissarion na Yakov. Uwa mbere yabaye umuyobozi, uwa kabiri - umuhanzi. Abazungu bakuru ba Stalin baba muri Tbilisi.
Galina Zhugashvili yarangije muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Moscou kandi akora mu kigo cy'ubuvanganzo bw'isi umushakashatsi muto muto. Mu 1970, umuhungu yavutse muri Alijeriya - impuguke ya Loni. Sogokuru ya Stalin yitwa Selim.
Urupfu
Mu mateka y'urupfu rwa Yakov, Jugashvili yakomeje ahantu heza. Inyandiko yemewe ivuga ko imfura y'umuyobozi yapfiriye i Zacchenhausen muri Mata 1943. Yasohotse ava mu idirishya, yihutira kugera ku izamu. Yapfuye azize ibibyimba kugeza kuri ubu. Mbere y'urupfu rw'isaha Jak, aramusubiza ati: "Rasa!"Umurambo wa Jugashvili watwitswe mu kigo cya Content. Urn hamwe n'inyandiko ziherekeza ku rupfu rwa Yakov kandi ibyavuye mu iperereza ku rupfu rwe byazimiye mu ishami rikuru ry'umutekano w'ingoma w'ikigo cya gatatu cya Reich. Mu bubiko bw'Ubudage, ifoto yarinzwe Jagashvili yapfuye, ariko abahanga ntibazi neza ko Umwana w'Umwana wa Jenerali Pirissimus yafashwe.
Nyuma y'intambara irangiye, Ssessek yazanywe ibimenyetso yanditse byerekana ko abigometse Yakov, ndetse n'ubuhamya bw'umuryango n'umuzamu, muri bo Stalin yamenye ubutwari bw'Umwana.
Umuhungu urera w'Umuyobozi - Arte so Sergeyev - ahakana urupfu rwa Yako'Neen muri Zakenhausen, nubwo muri FSB yo mu 2007 yemeje ku mugaragaro ko yapfuye mu kigo cyakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa mu kigo cyakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa. SergeYEV atongana ko umuvandimwe witwaga umuvandimwe yapfiriye imbere muri Nyakanga 1941.
Kwibuka (cinery)
- 1969-1971 - "Kwibohoza"
- 1990 - "Yakov, Umuhungu Stalin"
- 1992 - "Stalin"
- 2006 - "Stalin. KUBAHO »
- 2013 - "Mwana wa se w'abantu"
- 2017 - "Vlasik. Igicucu cya Stalin "