Ubuzima
Marina Mnishek yabaye imwe mu ntwari nziza z'igihe gito. Iherezo ry'umugore wambitswe ikamba ku ntebe y'u Burusiya, ryuzuye urukundo, amayeri, azerera. Ubuzima bwabadiventiste bwikinyejana cya cumi na karindwi birasa nigitabo cyibitekerezo bibabaje.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Marina yavukiye i Lyoashkah menshi (ubu ni akarere ka Lviv), aho umuryango wari uherereye. Abashakanye - Umukobwa w'Umutwe wa Jadwig Tarlo na Jerzy Mnishka, bagendeye muri ba guverineri wa SINGERIRA - yari, hiyongereyeho umwamikazi wa Moscou, baracyafite urubyaro umunani.
Umuryango wicyubahiro wari umukire, ariko ukennye rwose ugereranije hashize imyaka ijana, harimo amakosa ya se wa shitingi. Kuva muri Repubulika ya Ceki yatandukanijwe nimico idatangaje, yavuze ko uyu mugabo yafashije umutware wa Sigizmundu Augustus kugira ngo amenye neza - atangwa mu cyumba cye cy'abakobwa bato. Kubwibyo, abirasi badakunda Mnishka, kandi bamwe ntibigeze babona ko ari ngombwa gusuhuza no gukemura.
Kandi nyamara umuryango ukurikije iherezo ry'ikinyejana cya 16 byafatwaga nkuwakire. Iherezo rya Marina ryashoboraga gukora neza - inkomoko n'imiterere y'ubukungu yafunguye inzira yo gushyingirwa neza, ubuzima bwazuzura Balas hamwe nizindi myidagaduro yintore za societe.
Uyu mukobwa yakuze ayobowe n'ababikira gatolika, yakiriye uburere bwe bukabije. Ariko, mugihe kizaza, impano yafunguwe muri Marina kugirango ikoreshe abagabo kandi muri rusange ibidukikije muri rusange - yaba ibidukikije, cyangwa wigishije. Ubu bushobozi bwaka bwaje mu nzira, kuko umukobwa wo mu busore bwe adashobora kwirata ubwiza: gukura muke, byoroheje no murabura no murabura bikabije ntabwo byari mu cyubahiro.
Lhadmitry ninama
Igihe Marina Mnishek yujuje imyaka 16 (1604), umugabo yagaragaye mu isambu ye kavukire, yiyita Tsarevich yo mu Burusiya Dmitry. Commonwealty, umuhungu wa Ivan Grozny ntabwo yicwa na gato muri Uglich (yashoboye guhunga rwihishwa mu mahanga) none ko bavuga neza intebe y'ingabo kavukire. Ibihuha byahise bihutira kujya i Moscou.
Kubona umukobwa wa Guverineri, Lhadinmirya yashutse urukundo rwe. Uyu mukobwa yari kure ya politiki, kandi umukozi ntiyari akunda - abahanga mu by'amateka "amatwi" bakura mu mazi make, ibitugu byinshi n'amaboko y'uburebure, mu maso he hatuje amazuru "inkweto". Ntabwo bitangaje kuba mugutandukanya umukwe ntabwo bitigeze bifatwa numukunzi.
Gusubiza umukobwa w'umunyarundiro guhatira abihayimana, gukurikirana intego yo kumenyekanisha Gatolika mu Burusiya. Abahuza inama bashyigikiye Umugwaneza n'Umwami wa Sipisma n'umuntu we. Ariko, se wumugeni ashyira ibintu bikomeye: Umukobwa agomba kuba umwamikazi, ubuyobozi bubona PSKav na Novgorod, mugihe uburenganzira bwo kwatura Gatolika. Niba dutandutse bidashoboka kuzamuka ingoma, Marina yabaye umudendezo kandi yashoboraga kujya munsi yikamba undi mugabo. Umukwe yarabyemeye, kandi gusezerana.
Nyuma yuko Lushake afata ububasha bw'igihugu cy'Uburusiya, Marina Mnishek hamwe na tup tuple yageze mu murwa mukuru w'Uburusiya. Mu ntangiriro za Gicurasi 1606, umukobwa yari yarashyizeho umutegetsi mushya, umuhango wo kugomera. Igishimishije, yafunguye urutonde rw'abagore bambikwa ikamba mu Burusiya.
Abatuye i Zlato babonye mu musore wa PADI icyubahiro n'ishyaka ryo guhungabana. Muscovite ntabwo yakunze umukobwa - ntabwo ari hanze cyangwa imiterere. Na Marina ntiyifuzaga kwambara imyenda yaho, akenshi yambaye ubwiherero bwa polish. Byongeye kandi, gukunda ubutunzi n'ubutunzi byatewe - intumwa ya Tuscan yibasiye amabuye y'agaciro yashushanyije imisatsi y'umwamikazi mushya, ntabwo yigeze ibona.
Ubuzima bwa cyami bwatangiye, bwuzuye Balas - ibyo umukobwa yarose kandi arota. Ariko, ibiruhuko byamaze igihe kirekire. Nyuma y'icyumweru, intwari iteye ubwoba yahagaritse uruhare rwa Stroltsov yayobowe na Shuisky Veily, yitwaje intwaro n'abashyitsi b'abanyamahanga, abantu bateguye pogrom mu ngoro ya tsarist. Umugabo wanjye yariciwe, Marina ashoboye kwiruka.
Hanyuma, hamwe na se, umukobwa yari ategereje guhuza yaroslavl, nyuma yuwo mubohe wa Polonye watangiye murugo hamwe nisi. Ariko Mnichek ntabwo yinjiye mu fena ye kavukire - ingabo zaragewe mu nzira iyobowe na Eglapedditria, zitwa umujura wa Tushinsky, watumye ikidendezi kimumenya umugabo we. Nubwo igice cy'abashakashatsi cyemeye ko Marina yemeye ku bushake uru ruhare, bavuga ko bifuza gufata hejuru - umukobwa icyo yashakaga kongera kubona intebe y'Uburusiya.
Mu 1610, umugore yongeye gupfa. Imiterere y'urugendo rwa Marina Mnishek yakoze kuri Astrakhan na Ryazan, basuye ubufasha bw'inkingi n'ibikandara. Undi mwashakanye yari atan ivan zarutsky. Kandi mu 1611, umukobwa yibarutse umuhungu, ahamagara Ivan. Umuntu wese ni nde wa mwana w'umwana, inkuru aracecetse, ariko, Marina yamutangaje ko atanga umuragwa ku ntebe y'urwibutso.
Iyi sim yongeye kurobwa no gutsinda. Kuzerera ku nkingi ku muriza y'Uburusiya byarangiye mu 1614 - Marina, hamwe n'umuhungu we, bafata igare rya Moscou hafi ya Arals. Umwana yagombaga kurimbuka, kuko mu murwa mukuru amaze guhitamo usaba Ubwami - Mikhail Romanova. Umunywanyi yarashinze gusa, kuko umuhungu ari umutego wambitswe ku mugaragaro kwambikwa ku mugaragaro Marina Mnishek. Umwana w'imyaka itatu yategereje ko yiciwe rusange: Ivan amanitse, akuramo amaboko y'ababyeyi basinziriye.
Urupfu
Urupfu rw'igiti, kurota intebe ya Moscou, rimwe mu mateka y'amateka. Dukurikije ibyangombwa, Marina Mnishek ntabwo yari afite intimba nyuma yo kubura umuhungu kandi "yapfuye azize kwifuza."
Ibindi bimenyetso bivuga ko umugore yarohamye cyangwa ngo amanike. Ubundi buryo buvuga ko Marina yapfuye azize umunara wa Kolomna Kremlin.
Kwibuka
- Umunara uzenguruka muri Kolomenskoye Kremlin yitwa izina rya Mnishek, bitwa - Umunara wa Mariya.
- 1604 - Igishushanyo kizwi cyane cya Marina Mnishek kuva Vishnevetsky.
Ibitabo
- 1825 - "Boris Godunov", Alexander Chedkin
- 2005 - "Marina Mnishek", VYRALLAV Kozsov
- 2013 - "Umwamikazi wa Smooty", Leonid Borodin
- 2017 - "Batatu Marina Mnishek. Umucyo muri Manteyoni, "Elena Raskin
- 1834 - Byahinduwe mu kirusiya "diarina Mnishek" - inyandiko yandikishijwe intoki ni iy'umuntu wo mu nkingi zingana.
Ibintu bishimishije
- Ikinamico "Boris Godunov" yashyizwe bwa mbere muri theatre ya Mariinsky mu 1870. Mnishek yakinnye Elena Struj.
- Akazi karakingiwe inshuro nyinshi. Akazi k'umuyobozi wa Bright wari filme yafashwe na firime na Boris Nebieridze ashingiye kuri Opera Murgsksky ku izina rimwe mu 1987. Irina Malysheva yasubijwemo n'umwamikazi w'Uburusiya wamaraso ya Polonye. No muri 2011, intego zamakuba yashkin rwimukiye muri firime Mirzoev, zikora ibisobanuro byamatsiko mubikorwa bikuyemo uyumunsi. Umuyobozi yatumiwe ku ruhare rwa Marina Mnishek Agnia Ditkovskite.
- Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Mnishki, umugani wavutse: bivugwa ko imbere y'urupfu rwa Marina ashyira umuvumo ku ngoma ya Romanov. Dukurikije ibyahanuwe byumugore, abahagarariye ubwoko bazapfa urupfu rukaze, amaherezo ingoma izashira. Kandi, bisa nkaho amagambo yarangaye kubera akababaro k'umubyeyi yashyizwemo ubuzima - byibuze inkuru yibi bimenyetso.
- Undi mugani avuga ko gereza, yari umunara wa Kolomna, Marina Mnishek agiye igihe akangutse - ahindukirira inyoni akuramo idirishya. Umuzamu yari abujijwe kureba imbere y'umugaragu, ngo bivugwa ko umuntu abona, uyu mugore yakundaga cyane kandi akanashya mu ishyaka.
- Muri Kremlin Kolomna, yizeraga ko roho ya Marina kandi yagumye imbere yinyubako: abashyitsi bakunze kumva kureba ikiremwa kitagaragara. Ariko abakundana bahinduye umugani mu bucuruzi bwiza - bizera ko niba ubajije umwuka w'abapfuye, nzagira amahirwe mu rukundo. Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane kubantu bafite ibyiyumvo bidakenewe.