Ubuzima
Ain Rand - Umwanditsi w'Abanyamerika wo mu Burusiya. Izina rye nyaryo Alice Zinovievna Rosenbaum. Umusomyi azwiho ibitabo "atlant arokora ibitugu", "inkomoko", "turiho". Umugore ni Umuremyi winyigisho za filozofiya yibitekerezo. Igihe kimwe yaje muri Amerika hamwe n'amadolari mirongo itanu mu mufuka n'imashini yacapishijwe mu ivarisi, kandi uyu munsi kopi zirenga ibihumbi 500 z'ibitabo zayo zatangajwe buri mwaka ku isi.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Alice yavukiye mu muryango w'Abayahudi i St. Petersburg. Se Zalman-Impyisi (Zinoviy Zakharovich) Rosenbaum yakoraga nk'umufarumasiye. Mama Khan Berkovna (Anna Borisovna) Kaplan yari umutekinisiye wo muri amenyo. Alice yari afite bashiki bacu babiri kavukire - Natalia na Nora. Nyirakuru na sogokuru ku bwato byari abantu bakize cyane mumujyi. Berka Izkovich Kaplan yari afite isosiyete nini yo kudoda imyenda ku gisirikare, maze Rosalia Pavlovna akora mu murima wa farumasi.
Ubwa mbere, se wumukobwa yari umuyobozi wa farumasi, ariko mu 1914 yabaye umuhuzabikorwa. Umuryango wabaga munzu yagutse kuruta iyi farumasi.
Alice yarezwe mu iterambere, yize mu mazi y'isi y'igitsina gore yitwa Stulanina. Afite imyaka 4, yize gusoma, mumyaka yishuri umukobwa yatangiye kwandika inkuru zabo za mbere. Mfite imyaka 9, yamenye ko mugihe kizaza arota kuba umwanditsi. Umukobwa yabonye uruhare rwumuryango we mugihe cya Revolution ya Gashyantare kandi yumvise igipimo cyikibazo mugihe cy'Ukwakira.
Mu 1917, se yari yarahisemo farumasi, kandi umuryango nta gusohoka, usibye kwimuka muri iki gihe muri Crimée. Alice yarangije amashuri yisumbuye muri Evpatoriya. Ariko bidatinze, Bolsheviks irahagera.
Umukobwa afite imyaka 16, umuryango wasubiye i St. Petersburg. Alice yinjiye muri kaminuza ya Petrograpp mu Ishami rya Pedagogy. Amahugurwa yateguwe imyaka 3, abarimu batanze ubushakashatsi kuri batatu muri bo icyarimwe - amateka, uburenganzira na pfilologiya. Nibwo yamenyereye imirimo ya Nietzsche, wagize uruhare runini kumuntu muto. Mu 1924, yarangije muri kaminuza. Nubwo hariho verisiyo umukobwa yari ahenze kubera inkomoko ya Bourgeois.
Ntabwo bitangaje kuba mubikorwa bya Ain Rand, ingingo ya politiki inyura kumurongo utukura. Inyinshi mu ntwari ze zarwanyije abategarugori b'umwami cyangwa ku butegetsi bw'Abakomunisiti.
Ubuvanganzo
Mu 1925, umurimo wa mbere wa Alice Rosenbaum wacapwe - "Paul Nedri", amateka y'inzira yo guhanga yo mu biro bya filime. Muri uwo mwaka, umukobwa yakiriye viza y'Abanyamerika y'uburezi asigara muri Amerika. Ubwa mbere, nabaga na bene wabo i Chicago. Ariko nyuma yigice kumwaka yimukiye i Los Angeles.
Umukobwa hafi ntabwo yavugaga icyongereza, mumitungo ye yari afite ivarisi nto hamwe nimashini yacapwe. Akimara kwinjira mu gihugu cy'Abanyamerika, yahisemo gufata izina ry'irihimbano. Izina yahisemo byoroshye - Ain, kandi ntiyatekereje ku izina rya igihe kirekire, riguriza izina ry'ikirango cy'imashini ye yacapwe "Remington Rand".
Ababyeyi be bagumye mu Burusiya, i Leningrad. Bapfuye mu gihe cyo guhagarika umujyi mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose. Mushiki we Natalia yapfuye mu 1945, ariko Nora ku butumire yimukiye muri Amerika. Nibyo, bidatinze umugore asubira muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti kandi aba i Lenitser kugeza ku rupfu cyane - kugeza mu 1999.
Muri Amerika, Alice ntiyahageze n'amaboko y'ubusa, mu Burusiya yanditse umuriro une wuzuye. Kubwibyo, intego ye yari iyo kugera kuri Hollywood. Icyakora, bidatinze atangira gukorera muri Hollywood akoresheje imibare. Ariko ibintu bye byanze. Mu 1927, studio ya firime, aho Ain Rand yakoze, ifunze. Umugore yakoraga akazi ko gutegereza, umugurisha, imyambarire.
Mu 1932, yashoboye kugurisha Scenario ya Sosiyete ya Filime y'isi yose. Akazi ke katwaga "Umutuku" waguzwe $ 1500. Kandi icyo gihe byari byinshi. Amafaranga yakiriwe yemerewe Ayn Rand kwibanda kubitabo byo kwandika.
Mu 1933, yarangije ikinamico ya mbere "CEFT." Ndetse yashyizwe kuri Broadway, ariko abareba ntibakoresheje intsinzi, bityo rero hakuweho kuva kera.
Mu 1934, Ain yarangije imirimo yo mu gitabo cy '- Kubaho ", yabwiwe iby'Uburusiya bw'Abasoviyeti. Nta kindi uretse kuvuga ijambo rusange ry'umwanditsi ryaburanishijwe. Yabuze igitabo muri 1936, Rand yishyuwe $ 100 kuri yo. Mu mwaka wo kurekurwa, igitabo ntabwo cyari gifite intsinzi yubucuruzi. Mu 1937, igitabo cyasohotse mu Bwongereza.
Noneho Rand yinjiye mu nyandiko "isoko". Yashyizeho iki gicuruzwa kimaze imyaka 4. Rimwe na rimwe, umwanditsi yahabwaga cyane inzira yari yicaye inyuma y'imashini yacapishijwe amasaha 30, nta nkomyi ibitotsi cyangwa ibiryo.
Ariko ibisubizo byari bikwiye, abanegura bashimye cyane "isoko", igitabo cya 26 inshuro inshuro 26 zagiye kurutonde rwabanyarwandakazi. Nubwo mu ikubitiro abantu bose banze gucapa inyandiko yandikishijwe intoki. Bamwe bavuze ko ikibanza kitavugwaho rumwe, ubwenge kandi ntabwo cyagenewe abaturage muri rusange. Kandi uwamamaza wenyine "Bobbs Meryl Company" yemeye gutangaza igitabo Rand.
Mu 1949, firime yakuweho muri Hollywood muri Hollywood, imico nyamukuru - umuntu utunganye Howard Rork - yakinnye garry cooper. Birumvikana ko intsinzi yiki gikorwa yanze Ain Rand gukora cyane. Kandi mu 1957, yasohoye igitabo cye cy'ingenzi - "Atlant yaroroshye ku bitugu." Yakoraga ku kazi imyaka 12.
Muri icyo gitabo, agira umudendezo, Egoism n'uburyarya muri societe ya none, kubyerekeye indangagaciro. Nk'uko ubushakashatsi bwa Atlant, ibitugu byakemuwe biri mu mwanya wa kabiri nyuma ya Bibiliya ku rutonde rw'ibitabo bifite ingaruka zikomeye ku Banyamerika.
Igihe igitabo cyabaye impande, ibikorwa byambere byumwanditsi byasubiwemo. Kurugero, igitabo "Turi muzima." Nibyo, umwanditsi yagize ibyo ahindura kumyandiko. Ku bwereka bwe, bike. Uyu munsi, igitabo cya mbere cyigitabo ni gake ni gake.
Nyuma yo kwinjira mu mucyo wa Atlanta, Ayn Rand yanditse gusa ibitabo by'ibirimo. Yiyeguriye ubuzima bwe bwose inyigisho za filozofiya.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Bwa mbere Alice Rosenbaum yakundanye na St. Petersburg. Ikintu cyo kwitabwaho cyari levrisovich Beckerman - umunyeshuri urangije ikigo cy'ikoranabuhanga cya Leningrad. Ni we wabaye prototype ya Leo Kovalensky mu kazi ke "Turi muzima." Beckerman yarashwe ku ya 6 Gicurasi 1937.
Rimwe na rimwe, uyu mugore yabonye umukinnyi Frank O'Concar. Amaze kuvuga ko ari byiza. Mu 1929, barashyingiwe. Kandi mu 1931, Ayn Rand yahawe ubwenegihugu bwabanyamerika. Hamwe n'umugabo we, babaga mu bashakanye kugeza apfuye. Umugabo yapfuye mu 1979.
Ku bwe, uwo mwashakanye yabaye inshuti ye yizerwa, umwanditsi kandi akabashyigikira mu buzima. Nibyo, ntiyigeze avanga n'umukunzi ukiri muto wa Nataniyeli Brandon, yambwiye filozofiya ye kandi yari umuyoboke w'umwanditsi. Umusore yari muto mumyaka 24. Birashimishije kubona Frank yari azi kuri iyi sano, kuko yamaze imyaka 13.
Urupfu
Ain Rand yapfuye ku ya 6 Werurwe 1982 iwe i New York. Impamvu y'urupfu rwe yatsinzwe n'umutima. Yashyinguye umugore mu irimbi rya Kenesiya.
Kubera ko atari afite abana, yagiriye Leonard Paikoff. Imyaka 3 nyuma y'urupfu rw'umwanditsi, umugabo yashinze "Ikigo Ain Rand: Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry'imiterere".
Bibliografiya
- 1934 - "Ideal"
- 1936 - "Turi muzima"
- 1938 - "Hymn"
- 1943 - "Inkomoko"
- 1957 - "Atlant yagorora ibitugu"
- 1958 - "Ubuhanzi bw'impimbano. Ubuyobozi kubanditsi n'abasomyi "
- 1964 - "Ingeso nziza ya Egoism"
- 1969 - "Manitto"
- 1979 - "Intangiriro yo Kwipimisha Igitereko"