Ubuzima
Erich kuvam - psychoanalystlest yabanyamerika hamwe numuzi wumudage, wateje imbere igitekerezo cya psychoanalysis yubumuntu. Uhagarariye neza ishuri rya Frankfurt, umwe mubashinze ubuzima bwiza na fredomarxism.
Ibitabo byinshi teritique ya psychologiya yimiterere byanditswe nururimi rwa nzima byabaye ubwatsi: "Guhaguruka kuva umudendezo", "umuntu ufite cyangwa kuba" urukundo. "
Insanganyamatsiko nyamukuru yo guhanga Erich kuva, ubuzima bwe hafi ya yose yahaye ubushakashatsi bwitsinda, byari bivuguruzanya bwo kubaho kwabantu kwisi.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ejo hazaza hsychoanalyst yavukiye muri Frankfurt Am Main muri 1900. Erich umwana w'ikinege wenyine mu muryango w'abayahudi ba orotodogisi. Umutware wa Naftimali, umuyobozi wumuryango, afite iduka rya divayi. Mama Erich, Rosa Krause, umukobwa w'abamukira ukomoka muri Poznan (icyo gihe Prussia). Umuryango washyigikiye imigenzo y'idini, kandi ababyeyi barose kubona umuhungu we Rabi cyangwa, mubi, umucuranzi.
Erich yize ku ishuri, aho imfatiro z'Abayahudi n'ibikoresho by'uburezi rusange bigishijwe. Mu 1918, yarangije amashuri maze aba umunyeshuri wa kaminuza ya heidelberg. Muri kaminuza, Erich yahisemo filozofiya, sociologiya na psychologiya hamwe nisomo ryibanze.
Mu 1922, Erich kuvambiriye yireguye impamyabumenyi ye ya dogiteri ahitamo insanganyamatsiko y'Itegeko ry'Abayahudi na Sociologiya ya Diaspora y'Abayahudi. Umuyobozi we yarimo asanzwe muri weber - murumunawe w'umuhanga mu by'amateka azwi ku isi yose ndetse n'ubukungu Max Weber.
Kuva ku byako byakomeje kwiga i Berlin, mu kigo cya psychoanaststststststs, kizwi ku banyeshuri be n'abarimu na Sander Rado, Max Eutson, Wilhelm Raihich.
I Berlin, Erich Onm yahuye na Karen Horney Horney, psychoanalyst, abarangije ikigo n'ishusho y'ingenzi ya neoflation. Horney Horney yafashije kuva muri washinze imyanya ya Porofeseri wa psychologiya i Chicago.
Filozofiya
Hagati ya 1920, Erich Ofm yabaye psychoanaly kandi afungura imyitozo yihariye, itahagaritswe imyaka 35. Gushyikirana nabarwayi byatanze ibikoresho bikize byo gusesengura ibinyabuzima nimibereho yo gushiraho imitekerereze yumuntu.
I Frankfurt, akora mu kigo cy'ubushakashatsi mu mibereho kuva 1929 kugeza 1932, kuva muri imbohe yatontomye kandi ashyira mu bikorwa ibyo yabonye. Muri iyi myaka, yanditse kandi atanga ibikorwa bya mbere bijyanye nuburyo n'intego za psychologiya.
Mu 1933, Adolf Hitler yaje ku busuwi, nyuma y'umwaka muri Amerika. I New York, muri Ova yajyanywe muri kaminuza ya Columbia, hantu hantu hose bigisha psychologiya na sociologiya. Mu ntangiriro ya za 1940, umuhanga mu Budage yahagaze ku nkomoko yo gushinga ishuri ry'ishuri rya Washington, maze mu 1946 aba umuyobozi w'ikigo cya Williaatry William Alansson Whitesson WISRIAM ALANISS.
Mu 1950, psychoanastst yimukiye mu murwa mukuru wa Mexico kandi yakoraga nk'umwarimu mu birori binini mu kwigenga mu majyaruguru no mu majyaruguru ya Amerika. Erich Onm yakoze iperereza ku mishinga mibereho y'ibihe bitandukanye kandi yasohoye umurimo "umuryango w'izima", wanenze gahunda ya capitaliste.
Mu 1960, umuhanga yabaye umwe mu bagize ishyaka ry'Abasosiyaliste Abasosiyaliste ndetse no kwandikira gahunda amashyaka nyuma y'impaka ndende zanze. Erich kuvam Exama abanyeshuri b'inyigisho, bagize imirimo ya siyansi kandi yitabira imyigaragambyo. Indi mitekerereze ya psychololly na sociste yatumiwe muri kaminuza i New York na Michigan.
Kuva murima yakoze kwamamaye cyane. Besteraller yabaye igitabo "Indege yo mu bwisanzure", yasohotse mu ntangiriro ya za 1940. Umuhanga yakoranye impinduka mu myitwarire ya psyche n'imyitwarire y'abantu mu bihe byumuco wiburengerazuba, byasuzumye icyifuzo cye ku muntu ku giti cye biganisha ku irungu. Byibanze ku kazi ke gashize igihe cy'ivugurura n'inyigisho z'abahanga mu bya tewolojiya ya Jean Calvin na Martin Luther.
Mu 1947, umuhanga yandikaga ubushakashatsi buzwi akomeje ku mudendezo, umwiha "umuntu kuri we," wateye igitekerezo cyo kwibigira n'abantu ku isi yose n'umuco. Erich kuvatse, yabonye icyateye Neurose mu gutsindwa n'umuntu mu rugamba rw'ubwisanzure, kandi umurimo wa psychoanalysise w'ubwisanzure, kandi umurimo wa psychoanalysise witwa Ukuri kuri We.
Hagati ya 1950, uwashinze imitekerereze yubumuntu yatangaje igitabo "Sosiyete Nziza", aho yazamuye umubano hagati yumuryango numuntu. Muri iki gikorwa, Erich Onm yagerageje "kwiyunga" mu nzego zinyuranye za Sigmund Freud na Karl Marx. Uwa mbere yizeraga ko umuntu muri kamere ari anttecial, iyakabiri - ko umuntu ku giti cye ari "inyamaswa rusange". Igitabo cyabaye umutsima, usenya amagambo. Umwe muri bo:
"Mu kinyejana cya XIX. Ikibazo nuko Imana yapfuye; Muri xx - umuntu wapfuye. "Gukemura ibibazo bya psychologiya n'imyitwarire mu bice bitandukanye by'imiryango n'ibihugu, psychoanalyst wanzuye ko kwiyahura byibuze bikorwa mu bihugu bikennye. Cinema, radiyo, televiziyo, televiziyo ibintu byo kwizigira "inzira zo kwikiza indwara zifite ubwoba, kandi iyo bafashe izo" nyungu ku baturage b'imiti rw'ibyumweru 4, kandi ni ibihumbi byinshi bisuzumwe na neurose.
Hagati ya za 1960, Frome yahaye abafana umurimo mushya, witwa "Ubugingo bw'umuntu". Muri icyo gitabo, umuhanga mu by'imitekerereze y'Ubudage yibanze ku mpamvu z'ibibi. Mu buryo runaka, iki gikorwa cyahindutse gukomeza undi, cyitwa "urukundo rutw". Gutongana n'imiterere y'ibibi, Erich kuvatse avuga ko ihohoterwa ari umusaruro w'icyifuzo cyo gutegeka, kandi ntabwo ari abadabaraga cyane n'ibisimba, umubare w'inyamanswa usanzwe wibanda ku maboko yabo.
Mu myaka ya za 1970, Erich kuvange, ukomeje gusesengura ibibazo bikaze byigihe, byatangaga umurimo wa "Anatomy wo gusenya abantu", aho imiterere yimiterere yabantu yirimbuye.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Gukunda mukuru mumyaka abagore erich ofm byasobanuye kubura ubushyuhe bwababyeyi mubana. Umugore wa mbere wumuhanga wimyaka 26 yabaye mugenzi we mukuru wa Friichmann, ufite inyigisho za psychoanalysis.
Hamwe na Frieda Ofm yabayeho imyaka 4 gusa, ariko umugore yagize ingaruka kumiterere yumwuga wumugabo we. Nyuma yo gutandukana, bakomeje kuba inshuti, banatanye ku mugaragaro mu myaka ya za 1940, igihe Erich yahuye na Karen Horni.
Umunyekazi uzwi cyane na Psychoanalyst Horney yakunze kwinjira mubucuti bwurukundo na bagenzinye, buri gihe yatengushye. Rimwe na rimwe, Karen yari afite abakunzi benshi icyarimwe, buri wese muri bo yuzuza imico yabuze y'abandi.
Karen na Erich baziranye i Berlin. Igitabo cyamuritse muri Amerika, aho bimukiye. Horney yatoje tekinoroji ya psychoanalyse, ni Aziya ye sociologiya. Igitabo ntabwo cyambitswe ikamba ry'abashakanye, ariko abahanga barangije ubumenyi bwabo kandi bahinduranya kurushaho gukura.
Ku nshuro ya kabiri, kuvam yashakanye mumyaka 40. Umugore we yabaye imyaka 10 Henney Gourland, umufotozi numunyamakuru. Henny yari afite uburwayi bukabije. Korohereza imibabaro y'uwo mwashakanye, kuva ku mpanuro ku nama z'abaganga bimukiye mu mujyi wa Mexico. Urupfu rwUmukunzi we mu 1952 rwatangaye umuhanga. Kubana na Gourland, Ikidage Psychoanalyst yashishikajwe na Misstics na Zen Budisime.
Nashoboye guhangana n'ikibazo cyo kwiheba Erich, kuba narahuye na Annis Freimen. Yabaye umugore wonyine wumugore wari muto.
Hamwe hamwe, abashakanye babaga afite imyaka 27, kugeza gupfa. Arubunono y'Abanyamerika yahumekeye umugabo we kwandika ibintu bya siyansi "urukundo."
Urupfu
Munsi yumwenda wa 1960, Erich kuva yasuzumye umutima wa mbere. Mu myaka ya za 70, umuhanga yimukiye muri kominicono mu Busuwisi, aho yarangije igitabo kugira ngo "afite kandi kuba". Mu 1977 na 1978, bavanze bari bafite ibibazo bya kabiri n'icya gatatu.
Umutima wa psychoanalyst yahagaritswe muri 1980. Kugeza ku isabukuru y'imyaka 80 ya Erich ivanze ntabwo yarokotse iminsi 5.
Bibliografiya
- 1922 - "Amategeko y'Abayahudi. Kuri sociologiya ya diaspora Umuyahudi "
- 1941 - "Ubwisanzure bw'indege"
- 1947 - "Umugabo kuri we"
- 1949 - "Umugabo n'Umugore"
- 1950 - "Psychoanalysis n'amadini"
- 1951 - "Ururimi rwibagiwe. Intangiriro kuri siyanse yo gusobanukirwa inzozi, imigani n'imigani "
- 1955 - "Sosiyete Nziza"
- 1956 - "Urukundo Rwiza"
- 1962 - "Ku rundi ruhande rw'ibibi birabubaha. Nduhuye na Marx na Freud "
- 1968 - "Kamere muntu"
- 1970 - "Ikibazo cya Psychoanalysis"
- 1973 - "Anatomy yo gusenya abantu"
- 1976 - "Gira cyangwa Kuba"
- 1979 - "Ikomeye kandi ntarengwa y'igitekerezo cya Freud"
- 1981 - "Kutumvira nindi magambo"