Ubuzima
Jean Calvin - Umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya w'Ubufaransa, umwe mu bahagarariye ingendo y'ivugurura, wa filozofiya, ndetse n'uwashinze inyigisho ze bwite, bitwa "Calvinism". Ubuzima bwuyu mugabo ntabwo bwari bworoshye, ariko intego n'ubudahemuka ku bitekerezo byabo byatumye Jean Calvin ishusho yagaragaye y'icyo gihe.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Abahanga mu bya tewolojiya izaza no kuvugurura byavutse ku ya 10 Nyakanga 1509 mu muryango wa kiliziya Gatolika. Igihugu cya Kalvin ni Umujyi wa Nuayon, uri mu majyaruguru y'Ubufaransa. Se w'umuhungu yageze ku ntsinzi ishimishije nk'umunyamabanga wa musepiskopi waho, ndetse n'umushinjacyaha wa fiscal.
Nyina wa Jean yapfuye akiri umwana, kandi se yari afite umwanya wo kuzamura umuvandimwe. Kubwibyo, Jean Ntoya yatanzwe munsi yumuryango umwe winshi, aho yakiriye amashuri yigisha kandi ashishikariza ibintu bikomeye.
Afite imyaka 14, Jean Calvin mu gihe se yahise ashimangira i Paris kugira ngo yige siyansi iboneye kandi y'ubutabazi. Mu myaka yo kwiga, umusore Podnataroval mu mvugo maze abavuga ubwenge. Bake nyuma umusore wigeze yizeraga gusoma inyigisho muri imwe mu pari zitorero. Noneho, kugera kuri benshi, Calvin (na none, gukurikiza ubushake bwa se) byakomeje kwiga.
Icyo gihe, umusore yatangiye kumva ubwenge bwa jurispude, kandi arangije amasomo ye, yimukiye muri Orleans, aho yinjiye mu banyeshuri, akinjira mu banyeshuri ku munyamategeko uzwi Pierre. Nubwo intsinzi igaragara kuri uyu murima no guhora ishimwe ry'abajyanama bazwi, akimara gupfa, Jean Calvin avuye muri Letangewe kandi akijurira tewolojiya.
Umusore yize imirimo y'abatagatifu, kwizera kwa gikristo, Bibiliya, ibisobanuro byinshi n'ibitekerezo kuri yo. Muri icyo gihe, Jean Calvin yigaruriye "kweza" itorero. Calvin ya Paralvin yakiriye impamyabumenyi ya siyansi ya Liconia kandi ibwirizwa mu bigera kuri bibiri.
1532 Mu biografiya ya Jean Calvin yaranzwe n'ibirori bibiri: Umusore yakiriye impamyabumenyi y'ibipimo, ndetse no ku mafaranga ye yatangaga igitabo cya mbere cya siyansi. Ibi byatangaga ibitekerezo ku murimo wa filozofe wa Sveti mu izina "kubyerekeye ubugwaneza".
Birakwiye ko tumenya ko imiterere ya Jean yagombaga kuba akunda umusore: Mu myaka 23 byari bitandukanye numuntu, yibizwa mubitekerezo bye kandi yiteguye kurengera ibitekerezo bisa nkaho ari ukuri. Jean Urugereko ndetse yahaye iryo zina "kwegeranya", ni ukuvuga "urubanza rushinja", kandi rwahoraga zitwa "Imyitwarire."
Inyigisho
Buhoro buhoro, Jean Calvin yinjiye hamwe nibitekerezo bivuguruzanya. Ingaruka zikomeye, mubitekerezo byabanya biografiya namateka, Martin Luther (washinze ibitekerezo bivuguruzanya) yahawe imyumvire yumuhanga mu bya tewolojiya (washinze ibitekerezo bivuguruzanya).
Byongeye kandi, umusore ntabwo yari umunyamahanga kuri posita yubumuntu Erasismus Rotterdam na Lefevra D'Etapl. Muri icyo gihe kimwe, i Paris, umuryango udasanzwe w'abashyigikiye ibitekerezo by'ivugurura byatangiye gushinga, aho Calvin yifatanije na, kandi bidatinze akekwaho ubushobozi bwa Metoity kandi yari umuyobozi wa gato.
Igikorwa nyamukuru cyuko na societe casivili muri rusange, Jean Calvin yabonaga gukuraho amakosa y'abayobozi b'amadini. Nanone, inyigisho nyamukuru za Calvin zashingiye ku gitekerezo cy'uburinganire bw'abantu bose imbere y'Imana n'amategeko y'isi. Yanditse ku byavugurura abayobozi b'amadini, ndetse yahisemo gukwirakwiza ijambo rye ridakwiriye "kuri filozofiya ya gikristo" mu icapiro.
Umudendezo nk'uwo wakwegereye abayobozi bapfukirana amaso ya MEDICICHIISM z'abakozi b'itorero kandi ntibashishikajwe no guhagarika imigenzo mibi. Jean Calvin yatotejwe, umuvugurura yatangiye gushakisha hakurya ya Paris. Mu gihe gito, umugabo yari yuzuyeho abantu bahuje ibitekerezo, hanyuma ha calvin yimukiye i Geneve, aho yateganyaga kumara ijoro gusa.
Ariko, iyi gahunda yagenewe guhinduka: Muri Calvin yahuye nayo yahuye nabayoboke kandi basanga inshuti numufasha imbere yumubwiriza na tewolojiya ya gilome ya Goomel. Imbaraga z'icya nyuma, Jean Calvin yamenyekanye i Geneve, aho yatinze ibinyuranye na gahunda za mbere. Bidatinze, inyigisho nshya, yari isanzwe yakiriye izina "Calvinism" muri kiriya gihe, yamenyekanye kure kuruta imipaka ya Geneve.
Nyuma yigihe gito, Calvina yagombaga kuva muri uyu mujyi wakira abashyitsi kubwimpamvu imwe nkigihugu kavukire. Abahanga mu bya tewolojiya bimukiye i Strasbourg - umujyi abaturage benshi bakurikizaga abaporotesitanti. Kwiyegurira kandi hasanze isomo, kubwiriza no gusoma ibiganiro muri kariya kama.
Bidatinze, Strasbourg yavuze ku bijyanye n'ivugurura rishya, na Calvin yakiriye ahantu hemwa kandi mumbabarire kubabwiriza, byoroheje cyane ubuzima bwe bwa buri munsi. Mu 1537, amaze gusubira i Geneve, Jean Calvin yarangije umurimo munini "Gatigisimu" - urutonde rw'amategeko yihariye na posita ", yandikiwe abayoboke n'abaturage b'isi.
Aya mategeko yaje gutangaza no gusaba ubuyobozi bw'amabwiriza mashya mu mujyi, ariko akanama k'Umujyi washyigikiye reformer, kandi Gatigisimu yemejwe mu nama itaha. Ariko, igikorwa, cyasaga nkicyiza, bidatinze cyahindutse igitugu gikomeye.
Mu gihe i Geneve, mubyukuri, amategeko Jean Calvin n'abamushyigikiye bakoreshwa nabanteruro nyinshi zurupfu. Nta nzego nkeya birukanwe hanze y'umujyi yavukiyemo, abantu babayeho bahora batinya Urukiko rw'Ibanze n'abayobozi: icyo gihe, iyicarubozo ryafatwagaho ibintu bisanzwe, kandi ubwoba bw'abaturage bwafatwaga nk'umwanda busanzwe.
Mu gihe kibangikanye, Jean Calvin yakoze ku mirimo ikomeye mu buzima, yitwa "amabwiriza mu kwizera kwa gikristo." Iki gikorwa kinini - cyabaye icyegeranyo cyibitabo, inyigisho, inyigisho ninyandiko zigaragaza ibitekerezo byumwanditsi, amabwiriza yo kubasobe, amabwiriza yo mugihe n'ibisekuruza bizaza. Calvin yose yanditse amajwi 57.
Igitekerezo nyamukuru, intego nyamukuru, ubutaha binyuze mu mirimo ya Jean Calvin, ni ukumenya imbaraga z'Imana zisumba byose. Ubusugire bw'Imana, ukurikije Calvin, bisobanura kugandukira abantu kugandukira abantu ubushake bwa Nyagasani.
Ihitamo rimwe gusa riboneka kubantu - kubana nImana cyangwa kwanga kwizera no gutoteza ifu iteye ubwoba nyuma yubuzima bwisi. Ariko, aya mahitamo, atekereza Calvin, ateganijwe mbere yImana. Hamwe n'imyaka, amakuru yarushijeho gutangara, akaze kandi atihanganirwa.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Jean Calvin yashakanye. Mu 1540, umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya yahujwe n'umugore ufite umugore witwa Imagetetta de Bur.
Uwo mwashakanye yahaye reform y'abana batatu, ariko bose bapfira mu imyaka y'abana, batayemerera Calvin kugira umunezero w'ababyeyi. Birazwi ko umugore wa Calvin yasize ubuzima bwe imbere ye.
Urupfu
Mu 1559, Jean Calvin yafashe umuriro ukomeye, ahubwo yatereranye uburiri kandi akomeza ibikorwa. Nyuma yigihe runaka, indwara yasubiye inyuma, ariko ubuzima bwa tewolojiya bwahungabanye cyane.
Mu 1564, mu nyigisho itaha, Calvin yaguye ari umunwa w'umugabo. Amezi atatu, umuvugurura yamaze mu buriri mu mibabaro ateye ubwoba, no ku ya 27 Gicurasi 1564, Jean Calvin ntiyabikoze.
Iburanisha
- 1536 - "INFacemo mu Kwizera kwa Gikristo"
- 1543 - "Inyandiko ku bisigi"