Ubuzima
Izina rya Stanislav Lem rimenyereye cyane abafana b'ibihimbano. Umwe mu bahagarariye isi ibyiza ku isi yanditse ibijyanye n'imirimo magana abiri, bihindurwa mu ndimi 46, kandi ibitabo bibarwa na kopi zayo za kopi. Yatangije abasomyi bafite ejo hazaza hashoboka hategerejwe ikiremwamuntu mugihe cyo kwikoranabuhanga ryubuhanga no kunaniza ibidukikije, hamwe nibibazo byo gushakisha mubwumvikane budasanzwe.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Mu kwerekana ibye burambuye bwa biografiya, umwanditsi n'umuhanga mu bya filozofiya yiyise igisimba, kubera ko cyatanzwe kuri Stanislav nkeya kuri buri wese. Lem yavutse muri Nzeri 1921 mu muryango wa muganga, yishingiwe ku mahame y'icyo gihe. Mu myaka ine, umuhungu yari amaze gusoma no kwandika. Umuryango wabaga muri Lviv, wahozeho nyirubwite muri Polonye icyo gihe.
Uburezi bwisumbuye Stanislav yakiriye muri siporo ikomeye y'abagabo, yiswe izina ry'umuhanga mu by'amateka ya Polonye akaba na Kalel Shainha. Kugerageza kwinjira mu kigo cya Poltechnic ntabwo cyambitswe ikamba no gutsinda, nk'uko Lem ubwe, kubera ko ari ibya "bibi" Bourgeois Lideris. Data yahujije umubano wose ushaje kandi wongeyeho Umwana wenyine muri kaminuza yubuvuzi.
Igihe intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose yatangiraga, nagombaga kwibagirwa ibyo kwiga, Stanislav yakemuye gukora muri karage. Kuva mu murinzi, umuryango w'Abayahudi Lem wakijijwe n'inyandiko z'impimbano. Kuva aho bakorera, Stanislav, ukurikije amateka ya Isiraheli, ibisasu bya Tuskal, ibikoresho byo kurwanya faci-fasciste.
Intambara irangiye, lem, ntabwo yifuzaga kuba abenegihugu b'Abasoviyeti, mu rwego rw'amatahuri yimukiye i Krakow. Hano, lem Jr. uracyangije ubuvuzi mu kigo cy'uburezi cya kera cy'uburezi cy'Abanyaburayi - Kaminuza ya Yaghellon. Icyakora, kwakira impamyabumenyi ya Stanislav yo gutanga impamyabumenyi yaranze, kuko nta kintu na kimwe nabonye cyiza mu murimo wa muganga wa gisirikare.
Ubuvanganzo
Fantasy mu kwerekana Lem, nk'uko abashakashatsi bashinzwe guhanga umwanditsi, barokotse ubwoko bw'iburyo. Niba wabanje kwigirira icyizere, byoroshye gusobanukirwa igitabo "Magellanovo Igicu" ninkuru yo "imbeba muri labynaut moteri ya cosmon", hanyuma nyuma yabasomyi ba paromy ", hanyuma basoze muri jion piche" cycle . Igitabo gitangaje cya siyansi "Edeni" ku mavuko y'abakozi b'ubwoga bw'icyogajuru ku isi n'izina rimwe kandi ntabwo byitwa ibisobanuro by'isi "mbi cyane".
Kwandika Stanislav byatangiye ku ntebe y'abanyeshuri. Igikorwa cya mbere cy '"umugabo ukomoka kuri Mars" cyasohotse mu kindi "isi nshya y'ibitekerezo". Nyuma yo gusohoka kw'igitabo "Astronauts", Lem yamenyekanye rwose, nubwo umwanditsi yari uw'ubwonko bwe n'ubushishozi bukomeye, kandi, bakomanga uburenganzira bwe ku bitabo bishya, abamamaji bamaranye igihe kinini.
Nkumwanditsi wubumenyi buhebuje Lem kuri Stanislav Lem yavugaga nyuma y '"kugaruka kuva inyenyeri". Intwari nyamukuru yigitabo ni icyogajuru wagarutse mu rugendo mu myaka ijana kandi atera umuco nta makimbirane ku isi.
Igitabo "Ntibitsindwa" cyitangira amasezerano ya robots wize kudahinduka gusa, ahubwo ni gutera imbere. Abashakashatsi baturuka hasi bamva ko nta ngingo yo kurwanya uburyo, kubera ko bagize umubumbe, kandi ikiremwamuntu ntihabe icyaha cyo kwivanga mu buzima burebure.
Indi nyandiko ya Lem - "Solaris" yitangiye gushyikirana n'ibitekerezo by'ubwenge bwa Alien. Inkuru yinyanja iboneka Boris Stagatsky yajyanywe mubikorwa byiza byubwoko bwiza. Igitabo cyari ishingiro ry'amashusho yerekana igishushanyo cya Andrei Tarkovy. Bitabaye ibyo, ikinamico "Urahari, Bwana Jones?" - Andrzey waiida yarashe "Puff Pie", na Peter Stein - Filime "Sandwich".
Kuva mu 1971 kugeza 1974, hatanzwe inkuru 16 zunze ubumwe mu gukusanya "ubusa bwuzuye". Muri yo, Stanislav yerekanye neza impano yo kunegura ubuvanganzo, kwandika ibihana kandi byihishe kubikorwa bitabaho byabanditsi bamwe b'impimbano.
Kwiga, nkaho kuvuga muri make ibikorwa bya Stanislav Lem, bifatwa nkigitabo "fiasco", cyasohotse mu 1987. Nyuma ye, siyanse ireba kwandikira inkuru no kuganisha, ntabwo yasubijwe kumpapuro zikomeye z'ubuvanganzo.
Mu mpera z'imyaka 9. Inyandiko y'ibisasu ya Megabit yabonye isi - Ibitekerezo bya Lema ijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa igihe ntawe watekereje kuri interineti nkurwego rwigenga.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Muri kaminuza ya Yagellon, Lem yahuye na Barbara Lesnik, wiganye hariya kuri radiolog. Nyuma y'umukandida batatu kandi baguze imyaka, umukobwa yemeye kuba umugore we Stanislav. Dukurikije ubwishingizi bw'umusemuzi - umwanditsi Kantantin ukoresha, Barbara yakoranye na pansiyo, kubera ko atigeze ashaka ko bigaragazwa gusa nk'uwo mwashakanye Stanislav.
Mu 1968, umuhungu wari utegerejwe yavutse kuri siyansi. Tomas yize muri kaminuza ya Vienne, hanyuma muri Amerika, muri Amerika, muri Princeton, yafashe ubucuruzi bwo gutangaza.
Usibye indimi za Polonye, Ukraine n'iz'Uburusiya, Stanislav yari ifite Icyongereza, Ikidage n'Igifaransa. Uburyo Se yamwigishaga indimi, Tomaski yabwiye mu kwibuka yitwa "ibintu bibabaje inyuma yuburemere bwisi."
Lem yumvise intege nke kumodoka, isaha irashobora kuvuga kuriyi ngingo. Undi mwanditsi yakundaga ibiryoshye, yabaye ushinzwe ishami rya Krakowia, ikigega cya Khalva na Marizipani muri Shokora yabitswe. Mu myidagaduro, futurolog yasomye herrich Senkevich, yumvise Beethoven n'ibiceri, yitegereza "intambara z'inyenyeri" na Bondya.
Mu ntangiriro za 80, Stanislav yabaga i Vienne, mu buryo bw'umurima - ku butumire bw'ubumwe bw'abanditsi ba Otirishiya. Mubyukuri, ukurikije umuhungu wa siyansi, impamvu zo kugenda zasubijwe, imyumvire yinzandiko, kudashobora kumenyana nabashya b'ubuvanganzo bw'isi.
Umuryango Lem ntiwarekuwe, kandi yahatiwe kugaruka. Stanislav yazanye umugore we n'umuhungu we mu 1983 atura i Vienne imyaka itanu. Kubaho mu bucuruzi bw'amahanga, umwanditsi yashakisha imbaraga, iminsi itari mike ntiyavuye mu rugo, ntatinda kuvugwa, yibukije Lem.
Imuhimbano ya Lem ntabwo yakomeje kumenyekana muri USSR: Abamamaji banze gutangaza ko Ihererekanyabubasha rya "Furologiya". Igitabo cyerekeye ubuzima bwabantu bayobowe na Hallucinogen muri Leta zunze ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti zasohowe nyuma yo gutangira kuvugurura.
Urupfu
Umwanditsi w'ikoranabuhanga rya filozofiya "ingano y'ikoranabuhanga" yavuye mu buzima muri Werurwe 2006 mu ivuriro rya Kartiology ya Krakow.
Impamvu y'urupfu rwa Stanislav yahindutse ingorane z'umutima imitima yateye imbere inyuma ya diyadete iremereye, ibibazo by'impyiko n'ibihaha. Hasigaye abahakanamu kugeza imperuka yakomeje kuba abizerwa kuri we, ahamagara urupfu ahantu umuntu ugaragara ku mucyo - ntacyo.
Bibliografiya
- 1951 - "ARIPNOUTS"
- 1955 - "Igicu cya Mallanovo"
- 1959 - "Edeni"
- 1961 - "Solaris"
- 1964 - "Ibisimba bibiri"
- 1964 - "Ukuntu Isanzure Yarokotse"
- 1971 - "ANANK"
- 1971 - "Ubusa Bwuzuye"
- 1976 - "Ruber"
- 1976 - "MASK"
- 1980 - "Ubushotorane"
- 1982 - "Kugenzura mu mwanya"
- 1983 - "Intwaro zo mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri na rimwe, cyangwa ubwihindurize hejuru"
- 1987 - "Fiasco"
- 1992 - "Igisakuzo"
- 1999 - "Urugendo rwanyuma rwa Jion rutuje"
- 2006 - "Isiganwa rya Plactniki"