Ubuzima
Raisa Maksimovna Gorbachev ntabwo yibukwa gusa nka madamu wa mbere w'igihugu ndetse n'umugore wa Perezida w'imiryango y'Abasoviyeti. Uyu mukecuru yabonye imbaraga zo kwishora mubikorwa bikomeye byubufasha, kandi umwuga we, nubuzima bwumuryango, kubera umwanya muremure wuwo mwashakanye, byari ku bitugu bye.Mu gihe cya Perezidansi, Mikhail Gorbachev ndetse na nyuma, Risa Gorbacheva akagira umunyamabanga, ariko afite umutekano kuvuga ko uyu mugore ufite ubuzima bugoye bwashushanyijeho kamere n'ingaruka.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Uwo bashakanye azavuka ku ya 5 Mutarama (Capricorn ku kimenyetso cya Zodiac) yo mu 1932 mu mujyi wa Rubtsovsk (Intara ya Altayi). Se wa Raisa Maximovna ubwenegihugu ni Ukraine, kavukire mu ntara ya Chernaiv, nyina ni Siberiya. Abana batatu bakuze mu muryango: Raisa muto yari afite murumunawe na murumuna. Mushikiwabo Ludmila, mubukwe yafashe izina ryanyuma Aiukasov, akora nkabaganga. Umuvandimwe Evgeny Titarenko yabaye umwanditsi.
Kubera umwuga wa se (yakoraga nka injeniyeri kuri gari ya moshi) Umuryango wa Titareko ni izina ry'abakobwa rya Raisa Gorrabava - akenshi bimuka. Ntibatuye, bityo Raisa kuva kera yasobanukiwe: Birakenewe kwiga neza no kwakira umwuga wo gufasha ababyeyi. Ibi bitekerezo kumukobwa byashyigikiye nyina, ninde mubusore bwe ntabwo yashoboye kwiga.
Mu 1949, umukobwa yarangije amashuri akoresheje icyubahiro ajya i Moscou. Mu busore bwe, mu murwa mukuru wa Raisa Makkimovna, nanditse muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Moscou yitiriwe Mikhail Lomonosov, ahitamo ishami rya filozofiya. Kandi mu 1955, asanzwe ari umugore we Gorbachev, nyuma yuko uwo mwashakanye yimukiye mu kugabana Stavropol.
Umwuga
Muri Stavropol, Raisa Maksimovna yabonye akazi ko mu gihe umwarimu muri sosiyete ya sosiyete "ubumenyi", kandi yigishaga filozofiya mu nzego z'ubuvuzi n'izingamizi. Mu gihe ugereranije, Madamu wa Perezida wa mbere yagize uruhare muri siyanse: yize imibonano mpuzabitsina kandi ategura ubushakashatsi bwe muri kariya gace.Akazi ko gakomeye ntirwabaye impfabusa: mu 1967 Gorbachev rwarundanyije amasesiyo kuri sociologiya, rushingiye ku bushakashatsi Raisa Makkisimovna yakoraga mu karere ka Stavropol.
Mu 1978, umudamu hamwe n'umugabo we yasubiye mu murwa mukuru, aho yongeye gutura mwarimu muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Moscou kandi akomeza gutanga ikiganiro mu ishami rya Moscou ya Sosiyete "ubumenyi". Nyuma yimyaka mike, mu 1985, Raisa Maksimovna yatangiye guherekeza uwo bashakanye (icyo gihe yari amaze kuba umunyamabanga mukuru wa CC) mu ngendo zose z'ubucuruzi no mu ngendo zemewe.
Birakwiye ko tumenya ko kugira ngo icyo gihe, imyitwarire nk'aya muka umuyobozi yigeze yutiriwe abantu ku giti cyabo n'abanyapolitiki bahombye babika mu gicucu, ntibubahiriza ibazwa, akenshi ntamuntu numwe uzi amazina yabo , amafoto yabadamu ntabwo yigeze agwa mu binyamakuru byicyo gihe. Ariko siko bimeze nka Rasa Makkisimovna, wafataga inshingano ze zo gushyigikira umugabo we muri byose kandi ahora amuba hafi.
Igitangaje ni uko mu mahanga, umuntu yabonaga impuhwe nyinshi kandi inyungu, aho kuba mu gihugu cyabo kavukire. Kimwe mu binyamakuru byo mu Bri y'Ubwongereza ndetse na Gorbachev "1987." Ariko muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, akenshi byaramanishijwe na we. Byemejwe ko umudamu wifuza kandi udashaka "yayoboye" igihugu binyuze mu mugabo we, nyuma cyagize uruhare mu gusenyuka kwa USSR. Benshi muri rusange babona ko ari umukozi wa Amerika.
Usibye gufasha uwo mwashakanye, uyu mugore yahoraga yishora mu rukundo, abikesheje inshingano zitaziguye z'umudamu wa mbere. Mu buyobozi bw'abagore, yakoraga ikigega cy'ikigega gisaba abana ba Chernobyl; Byongeye kandi, Raisa MaksimovNagize uruhare mu bikorwa by'urufatiro mpuzamahanga kugira ngo ashyigikire abarwayi bato, abarwayi bafite umunaniro.
Ntiwibagirwe ko Gorrabachev n'imico: yahagaze ku nkomoko yo gushyiraho ikigega cy'umuco cy'umuco w'Abasoviyeti, yinjira muri Prestidium y'Umuryango, yinjiye muri Presdicil y'imisebe ya Marina Tsveeva, inzu ndangamurage ya Roerich, inzu ndangamurage ya Benoit . Byongeye kandi, Raisa Maksimovna yageze ku gusana inzibutso nyinshi zivangwa n'inyubako z'itorero.
Igihe Mikhail Sergeevich yavuye ku mwanya wa perezida wahoze ari umudamu wa mbere yafashije umugabo we kwandika ibitabo mugenzura amakuru ashingiyeho hamwe n'ukuri. Nanone, hamwe n'umugore we, Lada yafunguye ikigega cy'uruzibacyuho, cyakoraga imibereho n'abahanga muri politiki. Mu 1991, umugore yanditse autobiografiya yitwa "Ndizera ...".
Mu 1997, Gorbachev yashinze club ya Maximovna Raisa, ikubiyemo abahagarariye siyanse n'umuco by'igihugu. Iyi Club yafashije abantu badakingiwe mu mibereho: Ababyeyi bigunze, abaganga n'abarimu, imfubyi.
Imiterere n'imyambarire
Kuva mu nama za mbere mu nama rusange hamwe n'uwo bashakanye, ndetse na mbere ya Mikhail Sergeevich yajyanye umwanya w'umunyamabanga mukuru, Raisa Maksavich yafashe umwanya w'umunyamabanga mukuru, Raisa Maksimovna yerekanye ko kunonosora, ubwiza n'ubuhanga mu gutoranya imyenda. Ariko, mu gice cya mbere cya 80, ejo hazaza Madamu wa mbere w'Ubumwe bw'Abasoviyeti yemeye amakosa amwe mu guhitamo imyambaro yo kwakira ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, hanyuma bikaba byaka bikabije.
Noneho, mu 1984, ku nshuro ya mbere kubana n'umugabo we mu Bwongereza ku butumire bwa Margaret Thatcher, Raisa Makshimovna yahinduye amakoti atandukanye buri munsi. Kandi umwe mu masomo ya diplomasi nimugoroba, umudamu yaje mu myambaro ya brachling muri esech na sandali ya zahabu. Bukeye, ibinyamakuru byo mu Bwongereza byatanzwe ku ngingo zifite amafoto atanga ubuhamya ku kurenga ku myambarire.
Nyuma yibyo, imiterere ya Gorbacheva yarushijeho kwifata, ariko ntiyatakaza kunonosorwa. Igishushanyo cyiza cyane no kwiyongera kworoheje, make, styling yatandukanijwe na Raisa Maximov mu yandi masangirangendo w'Abasoviyeti. Birazwi ko ibyinshi mumyambarire yabadamu yafashe ikiraro cyabirabura. Kuberako we ubwe, umugore wa Mikhail Sergeyevich kuri 60 ahitwa 60 murugo Moderya yahisemo Tamari Makeev, wateje imyambarire izwi cyane kubadamu ba mbere.
Bidatinze, uwo mwashakanye w'umunyapolitiki uzwi yaguye mu burengerazuba. Cyane cyane kuri Risa, Maximovna yerekanye couture iyobowe nimyambarire yuburayi bwigihe - Yves Saint-Laurent na Pierre Cardin. Mu bisari, uwanyuma yemeye ko, ashima uburyohe bw'umugore w'umunyamabanga mukuru w'umuryango mukuru w'Abasoviyeti, yashakaga gutanga icyegeranyo gishya, ariko umudamu yafataga ikositimu no muri we.
Mbere yuko Gorbacheva, habaye umurimo utoroshye - ku bwanzaniraga ku byerekeye kandi "amateraniro nta huje" ntacyo ureba mu basangirangendo by'abayobozi b'ibihugu by'iburengerazuba. By'umwihariko ni bwo nama yabaye na Reagan mu ruzinduko rw'umuyobozi w'ishyaka muri Amerika mu gihe cy'intambara y'ubutita. Uwahoze ari umukinnyi wa filime ya Hollywood yakiriye akonje kuri Raisa Maximov, asanga imico y'ibyo bigoye, kandi urwego rw'uburezi ni mwinshi.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ukurikije imiterere, umudamu w'Abasoviyeti wasaga nkaho akwiriye, guhitamo imyambaro, ibikoresho, inkweto zaje kutishoboye. Nyuma, itangazamakuru ryarimo ingero ziva mu nama mu nama i Vienne mu 1961 abayobozi b'imbaraga ebyiri n'abagore babo "imyambarire y'abaturage -" imyambarire y'abaturage yitwa "ikoti ryabereye indabyo ". Byasaga naho Raisa Maksa Maksimovna, yahisemo ubwiza nuburyo bwambaye imyenda, yagaruye "izina" ryabasangirangendo b'ubwibanga bw'ubwibanga bw'Abasoviyeti mu Burengerazuba.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwihariye bwumugore wa perezida wa mbere wa Ussr yateje imbere neza kandi yishimye. Hamwe n'uwo bazabaga mu bashakanye Raisa (icyo gihe Titareko) bahuye muri kaminuza - yize mu ishami ry'amategeko. Kuva icyo gihe, Mikhail Sergeevich na Raisa Makksovna ntibatandukanye. Ubukwe bwabakundwa bwanyuze mu buryo bworoheje: Abanyeshuri ntibari bafite amafaranga gusa yo kwizihiza ibihe byiza.Mu 1957, umukobwa wa Horbachev yavukiye (mu bashakanye - Virgankaya). Uyu mukobwa yakiriye ubuvuzi kandi nyuma yabaye Visi-Perezida w'Ikigega cy'Amabuye, gishinzwe gushingwa n'ababyeyi be.
Urupfu
Mu ntangiriro za 1999, ubuzima bwa Raisa Maximovna yatangiye gutsindwa. Muri Nyakanga, inzobere mu kigo cya Ramna Hematology Institu yasuzumye muri Lendacheva Leukemia. Impamvu zo kugaragara kwahoze ari umunyamabanga mukuru wubumwe bwindwara zamaraso, abaganga bita bahangayitse, ingorane ziva izindi ndwara zidakira. Muri bo byafashwe ingaruka ku ngaruka zo kwerekana imirasire yabonetse na Madamu wa Perezida mu rugendo rw'imisoro ya kirimbuzi muri Chernobyl nyuma y'impanuka ikomeye.
Abaganga beza b'Uburusiya n'Ubudage bahujwe no kuvura umugore. Nyuma y'iminsi mike, nyuma y'itangazo ryo gusuzuma, GoRBACHEV yajyanywe i Münster, ku ivuriro ry'Ubudage. Ngaho, amezi abiri, abaganga b'Abadage barwanira ubuzima bwa Risa Maximovna, bakimara gukiza kanseri. Yateguwe gukora amagufwa yo mu magufwa, umuterankunga yari agiye kuba mushiki wawe Lydmila Titarenko.
Ariko, uko Goruva yatunganijwe bitunguranye, kandi ibikorwa byagombaga gutereranwa. Ku ya 20 Nzeri 1999, Risa Maximovna ntiyabikoze. Impamvu y'urupfu, abaganga bita indwara ya oncologiya, zidashobora gukira. Uwahoze ari umudamu wa mbere yari afite imyaka 67.
Gushyingura Gorbacheva, byabaye ku ya 23 Nzeri, bakusanya abantu ibihumbi n'ibihumbi baje gusezera kuri uyu mugore ukomeye. Muri bo harimo Vladimir Putin, Naina Yeltsin, Helmut Kohl n'abandi banyapolitiki ndetse n'imibare rusange. Imva ya Raisa Maximovna iherereye ku irimbi rya Moscou Novodevichy. Umwaka umwe, urwibutso rwashyizwe aha hantu. Kugeza ubu, abantu bazana indabyo ku mva.
Kwibuka
- Mu 2006, inzoka mpuzamahanga ya Raisa Gorbacheva i Londres, yagenewe gutera inkunga imishinga igamije kurwanya leukemia na kanseri y'abana na kanseri.
- Izina rya R. M. Gorbacheva ryiswe Ikigo cya Gitegology y'abana no mu myigaragambyo i St. Petersburg.
- Ku ya 16 Kamena 2009, Mikhail Gorbachev yasohoye disiki ya "Indirimbo za Raisa", cyeguriwe isabukuru yimyaka 10 y'urupfu rwa Risa Maximovna.
- Muri 2012, film "urukundo n'imbaraga za Raisa Gorbacheva" yarekuwe kuri ecran, ivuga ku buzima bwahoze ari umudamu wa mbere w'ubumwe bwa mbere.