Ubuzima
Abahanga mu by'amateka bahamagara takhtamysh khan ya horde imwe. Mamay amaze gutsinda umwanya wa Mongol-Tatadi, umutware akoranya mu gihugu cyatatanye cya Leta cyitwa Juchiyev Ulus. Dukurikije ibyemezo byabitswe, Tukhtamysh byatumye umujinya ukabije, wafashaga umugabo kwihagararaho ku mutwe w'ikinyoma cy'imyaka 25.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Itariki yavutse ejo hazaza Khan Golden Horde ntabwo izwi, ariko igisekuru cyumusirikare uzwi kakurikiranwa byoroshye. Tohtamysh yavukiye mu muryango wa TUY-Khoji - mwene Jucci Khan n'umwuzukuru wa Genghis-Khan. Umuryango wavutse wari uw'ingoma y'abigenga, ariko ntabwo yari afite imbaraga zikomeye mumuryango.
Mu 1364, Tuy-Khoji, Umutegetsi yemewe wa Mangyshlak igice, yica umuvandimwe wa hafi. Icyateza amakimbirane ni ugushaka kwa se Tokhtamysh kugira ngo bitabira ubukangurambaga budakenewe. Inama ya Peninla ikomeza gusenya bene wabo Khan. Umusore, agerageza guhunga kwica ashoboka, acika inshuro nyinshi muri horde kavukire.
Ariko, umwangavu ahora asubira murugo kugirango atatakaza umutware muto wemewe wumusizi. Tukhtamysh, udashaka kwihanganira iherezo nk'iryo, mu 1375 arahunga umutungo (umutware w'ibihugu aturanye) asaba kwirwanaho k'umugabo.
Kugerageza bene wabo kongera gusubira i Tokhtamyshem byarangiye gutsindwa. Timur ntabwo yaretse umusore ndetse anatanga umusore ufite ingabo nto. Kurwanya inyuma y'intambara zihoraho, usulley arapfa, maze Takhtamysh yatangaje umutegetsi wemewe wa ManGyshlaka. Ariko iyi mpinduka ntiyigeze ihuza nistocracy yaho.
Gusubira murugo hamwe nitsinzi, Torkhan amenye ko intebe yongeye gutunga. Icyo gihe umwanzi w'umusore yabaye Timur-Melik-Oblan. Umutegetsi mushya muremure yamaze ku ntebe y'ubwami. Abantu boroheje batabonaga leta yashyizweho na Visikuru Yigenga irahamagarira Tokhtamysh inyuma. Kandi umusore ntiyatekereje kureka ahantu hemewe.
Gutsinda kandi akanama
Muri 1378, tumaze kumenyana numwanya mushya, Tukhtamysh yubaka mubukangurambaga bwa gisirikare. Intego ya mbere yumutegetsi ukiri muto yari akarere ka Volga hamwe nubutaka amategeko yisaya. Gufata byanyuze vuba kandi nta gihombo kinini. Mu gihe cyo kugaragara kwa Tokhtamysh, Mamai yamaze gutakaza imbaraga ku bayoboka bemeye kwanga Khan. Nyuma yimyaka 2, Horde yose ya zahabu yaguye kumusore khan.
Muri uwo mwaka, VLADKA NSHYA YASHYUYE Yohereje Ambasaderi mu Bakondo b'Abarusiya. Bamenyereye impinduka zihoraho zo munzu, abategetsi ba Rusi bamenye Takhtamysh, ariko bahagarara kugira ngo bahabwe icyubahiro. Nyuma yo gutsinda ku rugamba rwa KURIKOV, abayobozi ntibabonye ko ari horde nk'iterabwoba.
Kugaragaza imbaraga zawe, TUKHTAMYSH yagiye i Moscou kugiti cye. Mu nzira, Khan aha abarwanyi kugirango bambure no kudacogora. Muri icyo gihe, umutware w'ingenzi yimukiye hamwe na rus Thai.
Ariko, bidatinze Dmitry Donskoy na Andrei Tive bamenye ibyerekeranye n'ingabo za Tatar-Mongoliya. Abaganwa basahutisha gukusanya ingabo, ariko ntibari bafite umwanya. Moscou yakomeje kuba adakingiwe, ubwoba butangirira mu mujyi.
Iminsi 3 yo kugotwa ntabwo yazanye ibisubizo byibisubizo, nuko Khan ahitamo kujya mu mayeri. Gusobanukirwa urujijo rw'abaturage, umutware wa Horde wa zahabu yasezeranyije ko azarokoka bose niba Moscou yakinguye irembo. Abantu barizeraga. Nyuma yo gufungura irembo, ingabo za Tatar-Mongoliya zangiritse kandi zitwika igice cya Moscou.
Gusubira i Sarayi, Torkhysh yatangiye umubano hamwe nabakera - Khan Time. Abajyanama bahangayikishijwe n'imbaraga z'umuturanyi bahawe uburenganzira bwo guhuza ibihugu bishya kuri Horde. Ibikorwa bya gisirikare byaciwe byerekanaga ko imbaraga za Khans ebyiri zingana, ariko murugamba rukomeye rw'umugezi wa Kundurchi TUKHTAMYSHA rwatsinzwe.
Gutsindwa kwa kabiri kuva Timur, wafashe icyemezo ku gitero cyagabwe kuri Horde, cyabaye mu itumba ryo mu 1395. Igihombo cyari gikomeye cyane ku buryo Takhtamysh yagombaga kwiruka mu mujyi wa Bulgar (kuri ubu akanya umujyi muri Tatarstan).
Muri uwo mwaka, igihugu cya United Twese hamwe na Tukhtamysh yongeye gutakaza ikigo gihuriweho. Horde ya zahabu yagabanijwemo intambara. Ariko Khan ukomeye akimara kugaruka, benshi mubasabye ingoma barazimiye. Kurwanya byari Titut gusa. Emir yahuje, ahujwe n'ubukwe uzami n'umukobwa wa Takhtamysh.
Kugerageza kwirukana Timira-kutgut ukomoka mu karere ka Horde byarangiye gutsindwa. Han yongeye kuvaho abantu n'umuryango. Icyo gihe umugabo asaba icumbi kuva kumutegetsi wa Lituwaniya wa Vitivt. Intsinzi ya Timur yikubita hasi yoherejwe ubutaha kandi isaba gutanga umwanzi muri Lituwaniya.
Kumenya ubukuru bwacyo (ubutaka no bwinshi), Vitivt yanze kugana kuba bato ku ntebe yanje yatandukanijwe. Ariko nyuma y'igihe, twateraniye hamwe kugira ngo habeho amahirwe, tuzana ingabo nini.
Intambara ya Tatars na Lituwaniya barangiranye no gutsindwa kwanyuma. Tohtamysh afite umwanya wo kwiruka no gusubira mu kibuno cye kavukire. Ariko, guhangana kwa Khanan na Emir bimara indi myaka make. Muri rusange, abagabo binjiye guhangana humura inshuro 15.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Umugore wa mbere wumurwanyi ukomeye yari umukobwa witwa Tagaa-Bick. Umugore yibarutse uwo bashakanye abana 5: abahungu batatu n'abakobwa babiri. Umwe mu bakobwa kandi niyo mpamvu yatumye Takhtamysh yishe uwo bashakanye.
JANInka Hanech, witwaga umukobwa, agera ku bantu benshi, agera ku bantu benshi, agera ku bantu benshi bashyigikiye hafi ya se. Ariko mu ntambara ya gisirikare hamwe na Timur, umugabo wa Janeki yavuye mu kizamini. Tukhtamysh yarakaye yasimbuye abashakanye, amaze kwambuza umugore wubuzima.
Umuhanga mu by'amateka A. P. Grigoriev avuga ko Tulunbeck Khananium yashyizwe mu mubare w'abagore ba Khan ukomeye. Nyuma yo gutsinda Mama Tokhtamysh, yakize harem ya Khan ubanza. Kurinda umwanya wawe, umugabo arongora umupfakazi.
Mu 1386, Tulunkbek Khabam na we yapfuye azize umugabo we. TUKHTAMYSH yakenywe n'umugore wo guhungabana n'abanzi, nuko akuraho uwo mwashakanye, atabonye ubwumvikane neza. Ariko hariho verisiyo yumugore yakorewe igihano cyurupfu kubera ubuhemu bwumugabo ukomeye.
Amazina y'abandi bagore babiri ba Khan Golden Golde azwi: Shukr-Bika-yego na mun-bick. Iya mbere yari igizwe n'imibanire na Amir Arsaka kandi yibaruka Tokhtamysh umukobwa bakhti-bick-hanech. Iya kabiri ntiyishobora kwirata bene wabo bakize, ariko yibaruka abahungu n'umukobwa wa Hanu babiri.
Noneho umubare w'abakomoka kuri Tokhtamysh utera amakimbirane asanzwe mu bashakashatsi. Verisiyo iratangwa ibyo, hamwe n'abana bava mu nshoreke, Khan ukomeye yabaye Data inshuro 13, kandi abaratsi 9 bavutse ku bagore bemewe. Ariko umuhungu muto w'umutegetsi, yavukiye kuri umwe mu bagore nyuma y'urupfu rwa Tokhtamysh. Kubwibyo, ubudaheruka kwa Khan butera gushidikanya, kuko itariki nyayo yimiterere yumwana itazwi.
Urupfu
Ubuzima bwa Khan Golden Horde bwaciwe mu 1405 hafi ya Tyumen. Umugabo wamaze imyaka mike ashize mu ntambara n'amaso yahawe amakuru y'ibinyoma yerekeye urupfu rw'umwanzi. Nta buzima buteye ubwoba, Torkama yagiye mu rugendo ntamukinze.
TEMCIA, hamwe na Geghisid, Chop no guhagarika abarwanyi bibasiye Khan gitunguranye. Abanzi baciye inzira y'umugabo ngo basubire inyuma. Khan yumvise atinze cyane ko yinjiye mu burengerazuba, kandi ntashobora kwihisha. Nubwo hari igihe kizwi, Tukhtamysh yinjiye ku rugamba kandi igihe kinini cyarwanaga n'abateye. Ariko ibikomere byinshi byacitse intege umuntu udashaka kwiyegurira imbabazi z'umwanzi, kandi ntiyigeze asiga takhtamyshe amahirwe yo gutoroka.
Kwibuka
Mu bitabo:
- Tohtamysh na Timur, Kunanirwa Inant
- "Rus arwanya Tokhtamysh. Yatwitse Moscou, "Viktor Vorotnikov
- "Umuganwa wacu na Khan", Mikhail weller
- "Umwanya Takhtamysha Khan kuri Yalang", Ilya Berezin
- "Igihe cya Ortinsky. Inkomoko y'ibanze ", Boris Akunin
Kuri sinema:
- 2007 - "Amateka ya Leta y'Uburusiya" (Urukurikirane 117)
- 2015 - "Amategeko ya Moscou muri 1382" Gahunda ya videwo S. S. S. S. Volkov